Chapter 01 1

Differentiation

Differentiation
‫ بحيث أن‬Function‫ أو التفاضل هو عملية بتتعمل علي الـ‬Differentiation ‫الــ‬
.... Differentiation‫ بيكون مش هو شكلها قبل الــ‬Differentiation‫شكلها قبل الـ‬
‫مثلا‬

𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝒚′ = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 +
Differeintiation 𝒙

.... ‫ ده اللي عايزين نتعلمه‬... ‫بقت كدة؟‬ ‫أزاي‬

....
dy
dx
‫ او‬y ′ ‫ هو‬Differentiation ‫رمز الـ‬ ... ‫خلي بالك‬
Properties
d df dg
01 [f(x) ± g(x)] = ±
dx dx dx

d df
02 [c. f(x)] = c. 𝑐 is aconstant
dx dx

d dg df
03 [f(x). g(x)] = f. + g. "Product Rule"
dx dx dx
df fg
d f(x) g.dx−f.dx
04 [ ]= (g)2
"Quotient Rule"
dx g(x)

RULES
d
R1 [c] = 0 "‫"تفاضل اي ثابت بــصفر‬
dx
d d d
↳ [5] = 0, [100000000] = 0, [π] = 0
dx dx dx
 d
R2 [x n ] = n. x n−1 2
dx
d d d
↳ [x 5 ] = 5x 4 , [x −3 ] = −3x −4 , [x π ] = πx π−1
dx dx dx

Differentiation
d
R3 [x] = 1
dx

d
R4 [(u)n ] = n(u)n−1 . u′
dx
d
↳ [(x 5 + x 2 + 3)7 ] = 7(x 5 + x 2 + 3)6 [5x 4 + 2x + 0]
dx

d 1
R5 [√x] =
dx 2√x

d 1
R6 [√u] = . u′
dx 2√u
d 1
↳ [√x 5 + x 2 + 3] = [5x 4 + 2x + 0]
dx 2√x5 +x2 +3

Problems
Find the first derivatives for the following functions:

Ex. 001
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟕 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑
+ √𝒙 + − √𝒙𝟕 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒙√𝒙

Answer.
1 1 5
y = 3x 7 + x 2 + 3
+ √x + − √x 7 + 100
x x√x
3 7
y = 3x 7 + x 2 + x −3 + √x + x −2 − x 5 + 100
R2 R2 R2 R5 R2 R2 R1
1 3 5 7 2
y ′ = 3.7x 6 + 2x − 3x −4 + − x −2 − x 5 + 0
2√x 2 5

Ex. 002

𝒚 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑). (𝒙𝟔 + 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎)

Answer.
"Product Rule" 3
y ′ = (x 2 + 3). [6x 5 + 20x 3 ] + (x 6 + 5x 4 + 10)[2x]

Differentiation
Ex. 003

𝒙 𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒚=
𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏
Answer.

"Quotient Rule"

′
(𝑥 4 + 1)[3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 ] − (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 1)[4𝑥 3 ]
𝑦 =
(𝑥 4 + 1)2

Ex. 004

𝒚 = 𝟑(𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖)𝟏𝟎

Answer.

y ′ = 30(x 4 + 2x 2 + 8)9 [4x 3 + 4x]

Ex. 005
1 1
𝑦 = ( + 2 ) (3𝑥 2 + 27)
𝑥 𝑥
Answer.

𝑦 = (𝑥 −1 + 𝑥 −2 )(3𝑥 2 + 27)
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 −1 + 𝑥 −2 )(6𝑥 ) + (3𝑥 2 + 27)(−𝑥 −2 − 2𝑥 −3 )
𝑑𝑥
Ex. 006
𝟏
𝒚=
𝒙𝟐 + √𝒙 − 𝟏
Answer.
−1
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + √𝑥 − 1)
−2
𝑦 ′ = −(𝑥 2 + √𝑥 −)
RULES 4
d
R7 [ ex ] = ex

Differentiation
dx

d
R8 [e(u) ] = e(u) . u′
dx
d x2 2
↳ [e ] = ex . [2x]
dx
d
R9 [ax ] = ax . ln a
dx
d x
↳ [7 ] = 7x ln 7
dx
d
R10 [a(u) ] = a(u) . ln a . (u′ )
dx
d (x3 +x) 3
↳ [9 ] = 9(x +x) . ln 9 . [3x 2 + 1]
dx

Problems
Ex. 007

𝒚 = 𝟑𝒆𝒙 + 𝒙𝒆

Answer.

y ′ = 3ex + e. x e−1

Ex. 008

𝒚 = (𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙)𝟔

Answer.

y ′ = 6. (3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 )5 [3x . ln 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 3]

Ex. 009
𝟕 +𝟑𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙

Answer.
7 +3𝑥
𝑦′ = 𝑒 𝑥 . [7𝑥 6 + 3]
Ex. 010 5
𝟏
−
𝒚=𝒆 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐)𝟓

Differentiation
Answer.
−1
𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 10𝑥 2 + 3(𝑥 3 − 2)5
−1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 −2 ) + 20𝑥 + 15(𝑥 3 − 2)4 (3𝑥 2 )

RULES
d 1
R11 [ln x] =
dx x

d 1
R12 [ln(u)] = . u′
dx u
d 1
↳ [ln(x 2 + 1)] = 2 . 2x
dx x +1
d 1 1
R13 [log a x] = .
dx x ln a
d 1 1
↳ [log11 x] = .
dx x ln 11
d 1 1
R14 [[log a (u)] = . . u′ ′
dx u ln a
d 1 1
↳ [log 6 (x 3 + x + 2)] = 3 . . [3x 2 + 1]
dx (x + x + 2) ln 6

Problems
Ex. 011
𝐲 = 𝐥𝐧(𝐞𝐱 + 𝐞−𝐱 )
Answer.
1
y′ = x −x
. [ex − e−x ]
e +e
Ex. 12
𝐲 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓𝟏𝟓 (𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐱 + 𝟏)
Answer.
y = (log15 (x 2 + x + 1)) 5 6
1 1
y ′ = 5(log15 (x 2 + x + 1)) 5 ⋅ [ 2 [2x + 1]]
ln 15 x + x + 1

Differentiation
Ex. 013
𝟐
𝐲 = 𝐞𝐱 . 𝐥𝐧(𝐱 𝟑 − 𝟓)

Answer.

"Product Rule"

2 1 x2
y ′ = ex . . [ 3x 2]
+ ln (x 3
− 5 ) . e [2x]
x3 − 5
Ex. 014

(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙)𝟒 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 𝟓 𝟐
√𝒙 𝒆𝒙
Answer.

(3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 )4 ln 𝑥
𝑦 = ln 5 2
√𝑥 𝑒 𝑥
5 2
= ln((3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 )4 ln 𝑥 ) − ln( √𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 )
1 2
2 )4
= ln(3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + ln(ln 𝑥 ) − ln(𝑥 )5 − ln(𝑒 𝑥 )
1
= 4 ln(3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ) + ln(ln 𝑥 ) − ln(𝑥 ) − 𝑥 2
5
1 1 1 1 1
𝑦′ = 4 [ 6𝑥 + 3 ] + ⋅ − ⋅ − 2𝑥
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑥 5 𝑥
Ex. 15
𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒙
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
𝒆 + 𝒆−𝒙
Answer.
𝑦 = ln(𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 ) − ln(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )
1 1
𝑦′ = 𝑥 −𝑥
( 𝑒 𝑥
+ 𝑒 −𝑥 )
− 𝑥 −𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )
𝑒 −𝑒 𝑒 +𝑒
RULES 7
d
R15 [sin x] = cos x

Differentiation
dx
d
R16 [cos x] = − sin x
dx

d
R17 [tan x] = sec 2 x
dx

d
R18 [cot x] = − csc 2 x
dx

d
R19 [sec x] = sec x tan x
dx

d
R20 [csc x] = − csc x cot x
dx

... ‫ــــات كتير‬x ‫ اللي جوة كانت فيها‬Angle‫ لو الــ‬... ‫خلي بالك‬
... ‫ كمان‬angle ‫ بتاع الــ‬Derivative‫لازم نضرب الــ‬
d
[sin(u)] = cos(u) . u′
dx
.... ‫وهكذا في باقي الدوال‬
Problems
Ex. 016

𝐲 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟒𝐱 𝟕 )

Answer.

y ′ = sec 2 (4x 7 ) [28x 6 ]

Ex. 017

𝐲 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝐱 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝟒

Answer.

y = (sin x)4 + sin⁡(x 4 )

y ′ = 4(sin x)3 cos x + cos(x 4 ). [4x 3 ]
Ex. 018 8
𝐲 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 (𝟑√𝐱)⁡

Differentiation
Answer.
2
y = (cos(3√x)

1
y ′ = 2(cos 3√x) [− sin 3√x . [3. ⁡]]
2√x

Ex. 019
𝐱𝟐 + 𝟏
𝟑
𝐲 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( )
𝐱+𝟏

Answer.
3
x2 + 1
y = [cos ( )]
x+1
2
′
x2 + 1 x 2 + 1 (x + 1). 2x − (x 2 + 1). 1
y = 3 [cos ( )] {− sin ( ).[ ]}
x+1 x+1 (x + 1)2

Ex. 020

𝐲 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱

Answer.

y = cos(cos x)
y ′ = − sin(cos x). [− sin x]

Ex. 021

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝟐
𝐲=
𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝟑𝐱 + 𝟐)

Answer.

′
sec(3x + 2) . [cos x 2 . 2x] − sin x 2 . [sec(3x + 2) tan(3x + 2) . 2]
y = ⁡⁡
sec 2 (3x + 2)
Ex. 022 9
𝟏 + 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝐱 𝟐
𝐲=

Differentiation
𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝐱 𝟑
Answer.

′
(1 − cot x 3 ). [− csc x 2 . cot x 2 . 2x] − (1 + csc x 2 ). [csc 2 x 3 . 3x 2 ]
y =
(1 − cot x 3 )2

Ex. 023

𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝟑
𝐲=( )
𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
Answer.

′
1 − sin x 2 (1 + sin x)[− cos x] − (1 − sin x)[cos x]
y = 3 (( ) )[ ]
1 + sin x (1 + sin x)2

Ex. 024

𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 (𝟒 𝐥𝐧 𝒙)

Answer.

𝑦 = (sec(4 ln 𝑥 ))3
1
𝑦 ′ = 3(sec(4 ln 𝑥 ))2 sec(4 ln 𝑥 ) tan(4 ln 𝑥 ) ⋅ 4
𝑥
Ex. 025

𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 √
𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

Answer.

1 − cos 𝑥
𝑦 = log10 √
1 + cos 𝑥
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= log10 √1 − cos 𝑥 − log10 √1 + cos 𝑥
 1 1 10
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= log10 (1 − cos 𝑥) − log10 (1 + cos 𝑥)
2 2

Differentiation
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑦′ = ⋅ ⁡ (sin 𝑥 ) − ⁡ ⋅ ⁡(− sin 𝑥)
2 1 − cos 𝑥 ln 10 2 1 + cos 𝑥 ln 10
Ex. 026

𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐥𝐧 𝒙

Answer.

𝑦 = ln(tan 𝑥) + tan(ln 𝑥)
1 1
𝑦′ = sec 2 𝑥 + sec 2 (ln 𝑥)
tan 𝑥 𝑥
Ex. 027

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 ⁡𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧 𝒙

Answer.
1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 2 𝑒 cos 2𝑥 [− sin 2𝑥 . 2] + 𝑒 cos 2𝑥 . 2𝑥 + cos ln 𝑥 .
𝑥
Ex. 028

(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙)𝟒 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 𝟓 𝟐
√𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 ⁡⁡𝒆𝒙
Answer.

(3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 )4 ln 𝑥
𝑦 = ln 5 2
√sec 𝑥 ⁡⁡𝑒 𝑥
5 2
⁡⁡⁡⁡= ln((3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 )4 ln 𝑥 ) − ln( √sec 𝑥 ⁡⁡𝑒 𝑥 )
1 2
2 )4
⁡⁡⁡= ln(3𝑥 + 3𝑥 + ln(𝑙𝑛 𝑥 ) − ln(sec 𝑥 )5 ⁡⁡ − ln(𝑒 𝑥 )
1
⁡⁡⁡= 4 ln(3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ) + ln(𝑙𝑛 𝑥 ) − ln(sec 𝑥 )⁡⁡ − 𝑥 2
+5
1 1 1 1 1
𝑦′ = 4 [ 6𝑥 + 3 ] + ⋅ − ⋅ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − 2𝑥
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑥 5 sec 𝑥
 11
Ex. 029

Differentiation
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟕 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒆√𝟏+𝒙

Answer.
2
𝑦 = (cos 𝑥 2 )7 + 𝑒 √1+𝑥
2 .2𝑥] 2 1
𝑦 ′ = 6(cos 𝑥 2 )6[− sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 √1+𝑥 . . 2𝑥
2√1 + 𝑥 2
Ex. 030

+𝐲 = 𝐥𝐧 𝐥𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

Answer.

𝑦 = ln(ln(sin 𝑥 ))
1 1
𝑦′ = . . cos 𝑥
ln(sin 𝑥 ) sin 𝑥

Ex. 031

𝒚 = 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝐬𝐞𝐜 √𝒙

Answer.

𝑦 = 𝑥. cos(ln 𝑥) + 10sec √𝑥
1 1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 [− sin ln 𝑥 . ] + cos ln ⁡𝑥 . 1 + 10sec √𝑥 ln 10 . [sec √𝑥 tan √𝑥 . ]
𝑥 2√𝑥

Ex. 032

+𝒚 = √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟒𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝒙𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓

Answer.
1
𝑦 ′ = √1 − 𝑥 2 . [cos(4𝑥 2 ). 8𝑥 ] + sin(4𝑥 2 ) [ (−2𝑥 )]
2√1 − 𝑥 2
+ 𝑥 2 [sec 2 (𝑒 2𝑥 ) . 𝑒 2𝑥 2] + tan(𝑒 2𝑥 ) . 2𝑥 + 0
Ex. 033 12
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝒆𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙𝟑
𝒙
Answer.

Differentiation
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑒 sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 −2 cos(ln 𝑥 ) + tan(𝑥 3 )
1
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 3 ⋅ 𝑠 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑒 sin 𝑥 ⋅ 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 −2 (− sin ln 𝑥 ) − cos ln 𝑥 (−2𝑥 −3 )
𝑥
Ex. 034

+𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)

Answer.
1 1
𝑦 ′ = cos(log 2 (𝑥 2 + 1)) . . 2𝑥.
𝑥2 + 1 ln 2

RULES
d 1
R21 [sin−1 x] =
dx √1−x2 ⁡

d 1
R22 [cos−1 x] = −=
dx √1−x2 ⁡

d 1
R23 [tan−1 x] =
dx 1+x2

d 1
R24 [cot −1 x] = −
dx 1+x2

d 1
R25 [sec −1 x] =
dx x√x2 −1

2d 1
R26 + [csc −1 x] = −
dx x√x2 −1

‫ لازم‬... ‫ كانت فيها 𝑥ــــات كتير‬Function ‫ لو الـلي جوة الــ‬... ‫خلي بالك‬
... ‫ بتاع الـلي جوة كمان‬Derivative‫نضرب في الــ‬
d 1
[sin−1 (u)] = . u′
dx √1 − u2

.... ‫وهكذا في باقي الدوال‬

Problems 13

Ex. 035

Differentiation
𝐲 = √𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝐱

Answer.
1 1
y′ = ⁡[− ]
2√cot −1 x 1 + x2

Ex. 036
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 (𝟑𝒙 )

Answer.
1 2
𝑦′ = ⋅ 3𝑥 ⋅ ln 3 ⋅ 2𝑥
2 2 2
3𝑥 √(3𝑥 ) − 1

Ex. 037
𝟏−𝐱
𝐲 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( )
𝟏 + 𝐱𝟑
Answer.

′
1 (1 + x 3 )[−1] − (1 − x)[3x 2 ]
y = .[ ]
1−x 2 (1 + x 3 )2
1+( )
1 + x3
Ex. 038
−𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟓𝐬𝐢𝐧

Answer.

−1 𝑥 2 1
𝑦 ′ = 5sin ⋅ ln 5⁡ ⋅ 2𝑥
√1 − (𝑥 2 )2
Ex. 039 14
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 (𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑) + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝒙

Differentiation
Answer.

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (cos⁡(3𝑥 2 ))4 + (tan(4𝑥 2 − 3)2 + cot −1 𝑥⁡

𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 2 [4(cos(3𝑥 2 ))3 . (− sin 3𝑥 2 . 6𝑥 )] + (cos⁡(3𝑥 2 ))4 . [2𝑥 ]
1
+ 2 tan(4𝑥 2 − 3) [sec 2 (4𝑥 2 − 3) . 8𝑥 ] −
1 + 𝑥2
Ex. 040
−𝟏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆𝐬𝐢𝐧

Answer.
1 −1 𝑥 1
𝑦′ = . [𝑒 𝑥 ] + 𝑒 sin .[ ]
√1 − (𝑒 𝑥 )2 √1 − 𝑥 2

Ex. 041

𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 √𝒙) + 𝟑𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 𝟐𝒙

Answer.

1 1 .1 1
𝑦′ = . [− sin √𝑥 ] + 3𝑥 [ . 10𝑥]
cos √𝑥 ln 10 2√𝑥 √1 − (5𝑥 )2 2

+ sin−1 5𝑥 2 [3𝑥 ln 3] + 3 sec 2 2𝑥 [sec 2𝑥 tan 2𝑥 . 2]

Ex. 042

𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝐥𝐧 𝒙)

Answer.
1 1
𝑦′ = ⋅ (2𝑥 + )
√1 − (𝑥 2 + ln 𝑥 )2 𝑥
Second Differentiation 15
𝑑2 𝑦
‫ هو عبارة عن‬... " " ‫ 𝑦" أو‬′′ " ‫ أو التفاضلة الثانية‬Second Differentiation‫الــ‬

Differentiation
𝑑𝑥 2
‫ مرتين‬Function‫ للــ‬Differentiation ‫أننا نعمل‬

𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
′
𝒅𝒚 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ′′ 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
𝒚→ 𝒚 = → 𝒚 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐

Ex. 053

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡−𝟏 𝒙𝟑

Answer.
1
𝑦′ = 𝑥 2 . 3𝑥 2 + sinh−1 𝑥 3 . 2𝑥
√1 + 𝑥6
3𝑥 4
𝑦′ = + 2𝑥 sinh−1 𝑥 3
√1 + 𝑥6
1
√1 + 𝑥 6 . [12𝑥 3 ] − 3𝑥 4 . [ . (6𝑥 5 )]
2√1 + 𝑥 6 1
𝑦 ′′ = 6
+ 2𝑥 . 3𝑥 2
1+𝑥 √1 + 𝑥 6
+ 2 sinh−1 𝑥 3

Ex. 054
𝟒
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) + 𝒆𝒙

Answer.
1 𝑥4
𝑦′ =2
⋅ 2𝑥 + 𝑒 ⋅ 4𝑥 3
𝑥 +1
2𝑥 4
= 2 + 4𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥 +1

′′
(𝑥 2 + 1)(2) − (2𝑥)(2𝑥) 3 𝑥4 3 𝑥4
𝑦 = 2 2
+ 4(𝑥 𝑒 ⋅ 4𝑥 + 𝑒 ⋅ 3𝑥 2 )
(𝑥 + 1)
‫‪Implicit Differentiation‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫خلي بالك‬

‫‪Differentiation‬‬
‫‪ ...‬مش كل الــ ‪ Function‬بتكون مكتوبة علي هيئة‬

‫𝑥ــات = 𝑦‬

‫ممكن الــ ‪ Function‬تكون مكتوبة علي هيئة معادلة بين " 𝑥" و "𝑦" ‪ ...‬زي كدة‬

‫‪x 2 + y sin x = x 3 ln y + y 4 ex‬‬

‫شايفين أن الــ"𝑦" مش لوحدها في طرف ‪ ...‬ده متدخلة مع الــ"‪ "x‬في معادلة ‪...‬‬
‫النوع ده من الــ‪ Functions‬أســـمه ‪... Implicit function‬‬

‫نعمل للــ ‪ Functions‬ده ‪ ... Differentiation‬؟؟؟‬ ‫أزاي ‪...‬‬

‫ح نعمل ‪ Differentiation‬للطرفين ‪ ..‬ببحيث أننا لم نعمل ‪Differentiation‬‬
‫للــ 𝑥ــات ‪ ...‬نعمله عادي جدا بنفس ال‪ Rules‬اللي درسناها ‪ ...‬لكن بالنسبة للــ𝑦ـــات ‪...‬‬
‫باردوا هنعمل الـ‪ Differentiation‬عادي جدا لكن نزود جنبه "‪ ..."y′‬زي كدة‬

‫‪𝑥 4 → 4𝑥 3‬‬
‫‪𝑦 4 → 4𝑦 3 𝑦 ′‬‬
‫𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑐 → 𝑥 𝑛𝑖𝑠‬
‫‪𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 → 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 𝑦 ′‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫→ 𝑥 𝑛𝑙‬
‫𝑥‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪𝑙𝑛 𝑦 → 𝑦 ′‬‬
‫𝑦‬
‫𝑥𝑒 → 𝑥𝑒‬
‫‪𝑒 𝑦 → 𝑒 𝑦 𝑦′‬‬
‫‪𝑥→1‬‬
‫‪𝑦 → 𝑦′‬‬

‫بعد كدة ‪ ...‬نعمل عمليات جبرية ‪...‬بهدف أننا نجيب "‪ "y′‬في طرف لوحده ‪...‬‬
Problems 17

Ex. 055

Differentiation
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟓𝒙𝒚𝟐

Answer.
𝑑
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3 = 5𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 5𝑥. 2𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 . 5𝑥
3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ − 10𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 5𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑥
𝑦 ′ (3𝑦 2 − 10𝑥𝑦) = 5𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑥

5𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑥
𝑦′ = 2
3𝑦 − 10𝑥𝑦

Ex. 056
𝟐
𝐱 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐲 + 𝐲 𝟑 𝐞𝐱 = 𝐱 𝟑 + 𝐥𝐧 𝐲
Answer.
2 d
x 2 sin y + y 3 ex = x 3 + ln y
dx
2 2 1
x 2 cos y y ′ + sin y . 2x + y 3 . ex . 2x + ex . 3y 2 y ′ = 3x 2 + y′
y
1 2 2
x 2 cos y y ′ − y ′ + ex . 3y 2 y ′ = 3x 2 − 2xy 3 ex − 2x sin y
y
1 2 2
y ′ (x 2 cos y − + ex . 3y 2 ) = 3x 2 − 2xy 3 ex − 2x sin y
y
2
′
3x 2 − 2xy 3 ex − 2x sin y
y =
1 2
x 2 cos y − + ex . 3y 2
y
Ex. 057
𝟐𝐲𝟑
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐞𝐱 = 𝐲 𝟑 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡(𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 )
Answer.
 2 y3 d 18
x 2 + ex = y 3 + sinh(2x + y 2 )
dx
2𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 (𝑥 2 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 3 2𝑥 ) = 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) . (2 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ )

Differentiation
2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 3𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 2 cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑦 cos(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑦′
𝑥 2 3𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑦 ′
= 2 cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) − 2𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥
𝑦 ′ (𝑥 2 3𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 − 𝑦 cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )) = 2 cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) − 2𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥

′
2 cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) − 2𝑥𝑦 3 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥
𝑦 = 2 2 𝑥𝑦
𝑥 3𝑦 𝑒 − 3𝑦 2 − 𝑦 cosh(2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )

Ex. 058

𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝒆𝒙−𝒚

Answer.

− sin(𝑥 + 𝑦). [1 + 𝑦 ′ ] = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 . [1 − 𝑦 ′ ]

𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 𝑦 ′ − sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 + sin (𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑦 ′ (𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 − sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)) = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 + sin (𝑥 + 𝑦)

′
𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 + sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑦 = 𝑥−𝑦
𝑒 − sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)

Ex. 059

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙𝟐 = 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )

Answer.
1
𝑥 2 . 2𝑦 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 . 2𝑥 + sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2 . 2𝑥 = 2 2
[2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ ] ÷2
𝑥 +𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 𝑥 + 𝑥 sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2 = + 𝑦′
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
𝑦 𝑥
𝑥 2𝑦 𝑦′ − 2 2
𝑦 ′
= 2 2
− 𝑦 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2
𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦
 𝑦 𝑥
𝑦 ′ [𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2 2
] = 2 2
− 𝑦 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2 19
𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦
𝑥
− 𝑦 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 sec 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥 2

Differentiation
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
𝑦′ = 𝑦
𝑥2𝑦 − 2
𝑥 + 𝑦2

Ex. 060

𝒚𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒆𝟑𝒙 ) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐡(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )

Answer.
1 3 𝑑
𝑦 log10 (𝑥 2 + 1) + sin−1 (𝑒 3𝑥 ) = sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
2 𝑑𝑥
1 3 1 1 3 1
𝑦 2 ⋅ (2𝑥 ) + log10 (𝑥 2 + 1) ⋅ 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + (𝑒 3𝑥 3)
2 𝑥 + 1 ln 10 2 √1 − (𝑒 3𝑥 )2
= − sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ )

3
1 1 3 2 2 ′
𝑒 3𝑥 3
𝑥𝑦 2 ⋅ + 𝑦 log10 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑦 +
𝑥 + 1 ln 10 2 √1 − 𝑒 6𝑥
= −2𝑥 sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
− 2𝑦 sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑦 ′
3 2
𝑦 log10 (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑦 ′
2
2 2 2 2
𝑒 3𝑥 3 1 1
= −2𝑥 sech(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) tanh(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − − 𝑥𝑦 3 2 ⋅
√1 − 𝑒 6𝑥 𝑥 + 1 ln 10
3
𝑦 ′ ( 𝑦 2 log10 (𝑥 2 + 1) + 2𝑦 sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ))
2
2 2 2 2
𝑒 3𝑥 3 1 1
= −2𝑥 sec(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) tanh(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − − 𝑥𝑦 3 2 ⋅
√1 − 𝑒 6𝑥 𝑥 + 1 ln 10

2 2) 2 2) 𝑒 3𝑥 3 1 1
−2𝑥 sec(𝑥 + 𝑦 tanh(𝑥 + 𝑦 − − 𝑥𝑦 3 2 ⋅
′ √1 − 𝑒 6𝑥 𝑥 + 1 ln 10
𝑦 =
3 2
𝑦 log10 (𝑥 2 + 1) + 2𝑦 sech(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) tanh(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
2
Logarithmic Differentiation 20

‫" الطرفين قبل ما‬ln" ‫ بيكون لازم ناخذ‬... Differentiation‫في بعض مسائل الــ‬

Differentiation
‫ وهما حالتين‬... Differentiation‫نعمل الـ‬

Case1:
𝒈(𝒙)
𝒚 = (𝒇(𝒙))
‫ زي كدة‬... ‫ الأتيني فيهم 𝑥 ــــات‬Base ‫ وال‬Power‫عندما يكون في الــ‬

y = x sin x , y = (tan x)ln x

Problems

Ex. 061

𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙

Answer.

y = xx
ln y = ln x x
d
ln y = x. ln x
dx
1 ′ 1
y = x. + ln x . 1
y x
y ′ = (1 + ln x)y

y ′ = (1 + ln x)𝑥 𝑥

Ex. 062

𝐲 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱)𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱

Answer.

y = (sin x)cos x
ln y = ln((sin x)cos x )
 ln y = cos x . ln sin x 21
1 ′ 1
y = cos x . [cos x] + ln sin x . [− sin x]
y sin x

Differentiation
′
cos2 x
y =[ − sin x ln sin x] y
sin x

′
cos2 x
y =[ − sin x ln sin x] (sin x)cos x
sin x
Ex. 063
𝐲 = 𝐱 𝐥𝐧 𝐱
Answer.
y = x ln x

ln y = ln x ln x
ln y = ln x . ln x
d
ln y = (ln x)2
dx
1 ′ 1
. y = 2(ln x)
y x

2 ln x
y′ = y
x

Ex. 064

𝐲 = (𝐱 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱)𝟏+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱

Answer.
y = (x + cos x)1+tan x
ln y = ln(x + cos x)1+tan x
ln y = (1 + tan x) ln(x + cos x)
1 ′ 1
y = (1 + tan x). [1 − sin x] + ln(x + cos x) . sec 2 x
y x + cos x
1 − sin x
y ′ = [(1 + tan x). + ln(x + cos x) . sec 2 x] 𝑦
x + cos x
Ex. 065 22
𝒚 = (𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 )𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝟑𝒙

Differentiation
Answer.

𝑦 = (1 + 2𝑥 2 )sinh 3𝑥

ln 𝑦 = ln(1 + 2𝑥 2 )sinh 3𝑥
ln 𝑦 = sinh 3𝑥 . ln(1 + 2𝑥 2 )
1 ′ 1
. 𝑦 = sinh 3𝑥 . + ln(1 + 2𝑥 2 ). cosh 3𝑥 . 3
𝑦 4𝑥

sinh 3𝑥
𝑦′ = [ + 3 cosh 3𝑥 ln(1 + 2𝑥 2 )] 𝑦
4𝑥

Ex. 066

𝒚 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙)𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙

Answer.

ln 𝑦 = ln(sin−1 𝑥 )cot 𝑥 = cot 𝑥 ln (sin−1 𝑥)

1 ′ 1 1
𝑦 = cot 𝑥 . [ −1 . ] + ln(sin−1 𝑥 ) . [− csc 2 𝑥]
𝑦 sin 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2
cot 𝑥
𝑦′ = ( − csc 2 𝑥 ln(sin−1 𝑥 )) 𝑦
sin−1 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2
Ex. 067

𝒚 = [𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙𝟑 ]𝐥𝐧 𝟒𝒙
Answer.

ln 𝑦 = ln[csc 𝑥 3 ]ln 4𝑥 = ln(4𝑥 ) . ln(csc 𝑥 3 )

1 ′ 1 3 3 2) 3)
1
𝑦 = ln(4𝑥 ) . [ (− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 . 3𝑥 ] + ln (csc 𝑥 [ . 4]
𝑦 csc 𝑥 3 4𝑥

′ 2
ln(csc 𝑥 3 )
3
𝑦 = (−3𝑥 ln 4𝑥 cot 𝑥 + )𝑦
𝑥
Case2: 23
... ‫ كتيير زي كدة‬Powers ‫عندما تكون "𝑦" عبارة عن حاصل ضرب وقسمة و‬

Differentiation
( ⊞ )7 (⊠ )5
𝑦=
(⊡)11 (⊟)3
Problems

Ex. 068

𝒙𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟕 𝒙
𝒚= 𝟐
𝒆𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑 )𝟔

Answer.

𝑥 4 sin7 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥2
𝑒 (1 + 𝑥 3 )6
𝑥 4 sin7 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 2
𝑒 (1 + 𝑥 3 )6
2
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 4 sin7 𝑥 ) − ln( 𝑒 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 3 )6 )
2
ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 4 + ln sin7 𝑥 − ln 𝑒 𝑥 − ln(1 + 𝑥 3 )6

ln 𝑦 = 4ln 𝑥 + 7 ln sin 𝑥 − x 2 −6 ln(1 + 𝑥 3 )

1 ′ 1 1 1
𝑦 = 4. + 7. . cos 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 6 3
. 3𝑥 2
𝑦 𝑥 sin 𝑥 1+𝑥

′
4 cos 𝑥 18𝑥 2
𝑦 =( +7 − 2𝑥 − )𝑦
𝑥 sin 𝑥 1 + 𝑥3

Ex. 069

𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟒 𝒙 . 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
𝒚= 𝟑
(𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙)𝟒 . 𝒆𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

Answer.
 tan4 𝑥 . sin−1 𝑥 24
𝑦= 3
(𝑥 + 3𝑥 )4 . 𝑒 cos 𝑥
tan4 𝑥 . sin−1 𝑥

Differentiation
ln 𝑦 = ln 3
(𝑥 + 3𝑥 )4 . 𝑒 cos 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln tan4 𝑥 + ln sin−1 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 )4 − ln 𝑒 cos 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = 4 ln tan 𝑥 + ln sin−1 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 )4 − cos 𝑥
1 ′ 1 1 1 1
𝑦 =4 sec 2 𝑥 + −1 . − 3 . (3𝑥 2 + 3) + sin 𝑥
𝑦 tan 𝑥 sin 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 − 3𝑥

′
sec 2 𝑥 1 3𝑥 2 + 3
𝑦 = (4 + − + sin 𝑥) 𝑦
tan 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥

Ex. 070
𝟒
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 𝒙 √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒚= 𝟕
𝟐
𝒆𝒙 (𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 𝟓)
Answer.
4
sec 3 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 2
ln 𝑦 = ln 7
2
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 )5
1 2 7
ln 𝑦 = ln sec 3 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 2 + 2)4 − ln 𝑒 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 )5
1 7
ln 𝑦 = 3 ln sec 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 2 + 2) − 𝑥 2 − ln(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 )
4 5
1 ′ 1 1 1 7 1
𝑦 =3 [sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 ] + 2
. [ 2𝑥 ] − 2𝑥 − . 4 2
. [4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥]
𝑦 sec 𝑥 4𝑥 + 2 5 𝑥 + 2𝑥

′
𝑥 7 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑥
𝑦 = (3 tan 𝑥 + − 2𝑥 − . 4 )𝑦
2(𝑥 2 + 2) 5 𝑥 + 2𝑥 2

Ex. 071

𝒚 = (𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟏𝟎 (𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝟖 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟓

Answer.
 ln 𝑦 = 10 ln((tan 𝑥 )2 + 1) + 8 ln(log10 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ) + 5 ln(𝑥 2 + 1) 25
1 ′ 1 2 ]
1 1
𝑦 = 10. . [ 2 (tan 𝑥 ) sec 𝑥 + 8. [ ln 10 + cos 𝑥]
𝑦 tan2 𝑥 + 1 (log10 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ) 𝑥

Differentiation
1
+5 2 . 2𝑥
𝑥 +1
1
20 tan 𝑥 sec 2
𝑥 ln 10 + cos 𝑥 10𝑥
′
𝑦 = (1 + 8 𝑥 + )𝑦
tan2 𝑥 + 1 (log10 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ) 𝑥 2 + 1

Ex. 072

𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟒 𝒙 . 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
𝒚= 𝟑
(𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙)𝟒 . 𝟕𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

Answer.

tan4 𝑥 . sin−1 𝑥
𝑦= 3
(𝑥 + 3𝑥 )4 . 7cos 𝑥
tan4 𝑥 . sin−1 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln 3
(𝑥 + 3𝑥 )4 . 7cos 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln tan4 𝑥 + ln sin−1 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 )4 − ln 7cos 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = 4 ln tan 𝑥 + ln sin−1 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 )4 − cos 𝑥 ln 7
1 ′ 1 1 1 1
𝑦 =4⋅ sec 2 𝑥 + −1 . − 3 . (3𝑥 2 + 3) + sin 𝑥 ln 7
𝑦 tan 𝑥 sin 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 − 3𝑥

′
4 sec 2 𝑥 1 1 3𝑥 2 + 3
𝑦 =( + −1 . − + sin 𝑥 ln 7) 𝑦
tan 𝑥 sin 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥

Ex. 073
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 ⋅ 𝒆𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒚=
𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
Answer.
ln 𝑦 = 2 ln(tan 𝑥) + sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ⋅ ln 𝑥
1 1 1
𝑦=2 sec 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ⋅ + ln 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥 )
𝑦 tan 𝑥 𝑥
Chain Rule 26

‫ في‬Function ‫ و" 𝑥" كانت‬... 𝑦 = sin 𝑡 ... ‫ مثلا‬... "𝑡" ‫ في‬function ‫لو "𝑦" كانت‬

Differentiation
‫ في " 𝑥" ولكن‬Function ‫ طبعا "𝑦" ح تكون‬... 𝑥 = 𝑡 + ln 𝑡 ... ‫مثلا‬.. ‫"𝑡" أيضا‬
.... "𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 " ‫ عايزين نحسب‬... ‫بطريقة غير مباشرة‬

′
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = = ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
‫ يمكن حسابه من العلاقة‬Second Derivative‫في حالة أذا طلب الــ‬.. ‫أيضا‬

𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑡
′′
𝑦 = = ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
Problems
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Ex. 081 Find and for the function
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒕𝟐 + , 𝒙=𝒕+
𝒕𝟐 𝒕
Answer.
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑡 2 + 𝑡 −2 → = 2𝑡 − 2𝑡 −3
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑡 + 𝑡 −1 → = 1 − 𝑡 −2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦⁄
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 2𝑡 − 2𝑡 −3 2𝑡(1 − 𝑡 −4 ) 2𝑡(1 − 𝑡 −2 )(1 + 𝑡 −2 )
= = = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁄ 1 − 𝑡 −2 1 − 𝑡 −2 1 − 𝑡 −2
𝑑𝑡
= 2𝑡(1 + 𝑡 −2 ) = 2𝑡 + 2𝑡 −1
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 (𝑦 ′ ) 𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑡
= = .
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 −2 )
1
= (2 − 2𝑡 .
𝑑𝑥 2 2𝑡 + 2𝑡 −1
 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Ex. 082 Find and for the function 27
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒚 = 𝜽 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 = 𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Differentiation
Answer.
𝑑𝑦
= 1 + sin 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑥
= cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 1 + sin 𝜃
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝜃 cos 𝜃 . [cos 𝜃 ] − (1 + sin 𝜃 )[− sin 𝜃 ]
= = . =
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝜃
Ex. 083

𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧(𝟏 + 𝒆𝒕 )
Answer.
𝑑𝑥 1
=
𝑑𝑡 √1 − 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑡
. 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑡 1 + 𝑒
𝑑𝑦⁄ 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 1 + 𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 √1 − 𝑡 2
= = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁄ 1 1 + 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑡
√1 − 𝑡 2
Ex. 085 If

𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡−𝟏 (𝟐𝒕) , 𝒚 = √𝟏 + 𝟒𝒕𝟐

𝒅𝒚
show that = sinh 𝑥
𝒅𝒙

Answer.
 𝑑𝑥 1 28
= 2
𝑑𝑡 √1 + (2𝑡)2
𝑑𝑦 1

Differentiation
= (8𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 2√1 + 4𝑡 2
4𝑡
𝑑𝑦 √1 + 4𝑡 2
= = 2𝑡 = sinh 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
√1 + 4𝑡 2
𝒅𝒚
Ex. 086 Show that = 𝟐 tan 𝑥
𝒅𝒙

𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝒆𝒕 ) , 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧(𝟏 + 𝒆𝟐𝒕 )

Answer.
𝑑𝑥 1
= 𝑡 2
𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑡 1 + (𝑒 )
𝑑𝑦 1
= 2𝑡
𝑒 2𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡 1 + 𝑒
2𝑒 2𝑡
𝑑𝑦 1 + 𝑒 2𝑡
= 𝑡 = 2𝑒 𝑡 = 2 tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑒
1 + 𝑒 2𝑡
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Ex. 087 Find and for the function
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑 𝒖 , 𝒚 = 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 𝒖
Answer.
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑏(cos 𝑢)3 → = −3𝑏 cos2 𝑢 sin 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎(sin 𝑢)3 → = 3𝑎 sin2 𝑢 cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦⁄
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 3𝑎 sin2 𝑢 cos 𝑢
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁄ −3𝑏 cos2 𝑢 sin 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
𝑎 sin 𝑢
=−
𝑏 cos 𝑢
 𝑎
= − tan 𝑢 29
𝑏
𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑢
′′
𝑦 = ⋅

Differentiation
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 1
= − sec 2 𝑢 ⋅
𝑏 −3𝑏 cos2 𝑢 sin 𝑢
𝑎
= 2 sec 4 𝑢 csc 𝑢
3𝑏
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Ex. 088 Find and for the function
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕

Answer.
𝑑𝑥
= 2 sec 2 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
= 2 cos 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 1
= ⋅ = 2 cos 𝑡 ⋅ 2
= cos3 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 sec 𝑡
𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑡
′′
𝑦 = = ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
1 3
= 3 cos2 𝑡 (− sin 𝑡) 2
= − cos4 𝑡 sin 𝑡
2 sec 𝑡 2
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Ex. 089 Find and for the function
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒚 = √𝟏 + 𝒕 𝟐 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡−𝟏 𝒕

Answer.
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑡
= ⋅ 2𝑡 =
𝑑𝑡 √1 + 𝑡 2 √1 + 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 1
=
𝑑𝑡 √1 + 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑡
𝑦′ = = ⋅ = ⋅ √1 + 𝑡 2 = 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 √1 + 𝑡 2

′′
𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑡
𝑦 = = ⋅ = 1 ⋅ √1 + 𝑡 2 = √1 + 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥