CHAPTER 4: CONSCIOUSNESS Evolutionary Theory of Sleep

Consciousness - Also known as adaptive sleep

- Suggests that periods of activity and
- The state of being aware of one’s
inactivity evolved as means of
thoughts, feelings, surroundings, and
conserving energy.
experiences.
- All species adapted to sleep when
- Subjective awareness of the world
being awake if hazardous/dangerous
around us, our perceptions, and internal
for them.
thoughts.
Information Consolidation Theory of
Sleep
THREE LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
- Theory suggests that people sleep in
Subconscious order to process information that has
been acquired during the day.
- Dim in awareness - This theory also argues that sleep allows
- Repository of memories and the brain to prepare for the next day
remembered experiences to come.
- Not fully aware but influences the
actions and feelings
Conscious TWO MAIN TYPES OF SLEEP

- Being fully awake and aware NREM

- Usually guides our decisions
- Non-Rapid Eye Movement
- Have the ability to receive
information from our five senses and REM
can process the information received
- Rapid Eye Movement
Superconscious
- Heightened mental capacity
During the earliest phases of sleep, you are still
- Usually uses intuition
relatively awake and alert and your brain
produces beta waves which are small and fast
waves.
SLEEP
STAGES OF SLEEP
Why do people sleep?
Stage 1
- Part of the biological process of the
body - Lightest stage of sleep, muscle activity
decreases
Three major theories about sleep:
- Brain produces theta waves, slow brain
Repair and Restoration Theory waves
- This period of sleep lasts for 5-10
- According to this theory, sleeping is minutes
essential for revitalizing and restoring
the physiological processes that keep
the body and mind healthy and properly
functioning.
Stage 2  Restless Leg Syndrome
 Narcolepsy
- Brain begins to produce bursts of rapid,
rhythmic brain wave activity known as Parasomnias – abnormal behavior occurs
sleep spindles during sleep
- Body temperature decreases and
heart rate begins to slow  Nightmares
 Sleep terrors
Stage 3  Sleep walking
- Deepest stage of sleep HYPNOSIS
- Increase growth hormone secretion and
the body undergo restorative and - Procedure that opens people to
repair process suggestion
- Difficult to wake someone up during - Must be guided by a therapist or a
this stage professional hypnotist
- Brain produces delta waves, slow brain - A hypnotist puts a subject in an
waves altered state by encouraging
relaxation and sleepiness and often
Stage 4 describing sorts of physical sensations
- REM sleep or dream sleep a subject should be feeling.
- Increased respiration and brain activity MEDITATION
- Eye moves rapidly due to dreaming
- When dreaming, the brain activity is - Practice of focusing attention
similar to the brain activity that is found - Enhance awareness and gain more
when humans are awake control of physical and mental
processes.
*Atonia – the paralysis of the voluntary
muscles during sleep. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS (recreational
drug)
Types of Brain Corresponding
Waves Mental State - Its psychological effects include: change
Alpha Very relaxed or in sensory experience, perception,
meditating mood, thinking, and behavior.
Beta Awake and alert
Types of Psychoactive Drugs
Theta Lightly asleep
 Stimulants: drugs that stimulate the
Delta Deeply asleep
CNS
*Brain waves are measured through  Sedative: drugs that slow down the
Electroencephalograph (EEG) CNS
- EEG monitors electrical activity through  Narcotics: also called opiates, drugs
electrodes placed on the scalp. that can relieve pain
 Hallucinogens: drugs that cause
SLEEP DISORDER (2 major categories) sensory and perceptual distortion
Dyssomnias - Difficulty getting enough sleep  Cannabis: marijuana, has a legal
medical use in some states of USA
 Insomnia
 Sleep Apnea
How Psychoactive Drugs Work months & 1 day to 4 years and a fine of
P10, 000 – P50, 000
Psychoactive drugs work by affecting
D. The penalty for cultivating (planting) or
neurotransmitter function. A single drug can
culture of plants classified as source of
affect function of more than one
dangerous drugs and/or controlled
neurotransmitter. Drugs can:
precursors and essential chemicals is life
 Cause more or less of a neurotransmitter imprisonment or death penalty and or
to be released at synapses fine ranging from P500, 000 – P10, 000,
 Block reuptake of a neurotransmitter by 000
presynaptic cell E. Use of dangerous drugs when caught for
 Stimulate or block neurotransmitter the first offense is subjecting the
receptor on post synaptic cell recipient to 6 months of rehabilitation
in a government rehabilitation center. 6
Chronic Use of Psychoactive Drugs to 12 years for the second offense plus a
fine of P50, 000 – P200, 000
Tolerance – reduced sensitivity or reduced
response to the effects of a substance
Withdrawal Symptoms – this occur when a
person who has become dependent on a
substance stops using it or reduced their intake
Physical Dependence – a person must take
drugs to avoid withdrawal symptoms
Psychological Dependence – when a person
keeps taking drug because of cravings.
Penalties imposed based on the new
dangerous drug act (R.A. 9165)
A. The penalty for sale, administration,
dispensation, delivery, distribution, and
transportation of dangerous drugs and or
controlled precursors and essential
chemicals is life imprisonment and fine
ranging from P500, 000 – P10, 000, 000
B. Possession of dangerous drugs: Penalty
of life imprisonment to death penalty
and fine ranging from P500, 000 – P 10,
000, 000 for the following: 10 grams or
more of Opium, morphine, cocaine,
cocaine hydrochloride, heroin, hashish,
MDMA or Ecstacy; 50 grams or more
of Shabu; 500 grams or more of
Marijuana
C. Possession of drug equipment and
paraphernalia (used tin foil, tooter):
Penalty of imprisonment ranging from 6