SS SOCIAL SCIENCE REVIEW

REVIEW ON

LIFE AND WORKS

OF RIZAL
JAN KRISTOFER B. BORJA
CEVAS REVIEW CENTER
LECTURER
 SS
R.A 1425
An act ordering that all schools in the Philippines must include the life and works of Rizal in its
curricula.

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso

Realonda
• Full name of Jose Rizal
• He came from a well-off family in Calamba; they are from the
principalia class
• He has nine sisters and one brother; his parents are Don Fransisco
Mercado II and Teodora Alonso Realonda: Saturnina, the eldest,
Paciano, Narcisa, Olympia, Lucia, Maria, Jose, Concepcion (died at the
age of three), Josefa, Trinidad, Soledad
 SS

June 19, 1861 June 22, 1861

• Jose Rizal’s birthday • Date when he was baptized at Calamba Parish

Rev. Rufino Collantes Leon Monroy

the priest who baptized him. one of his tutors who taught him Latin
 SS

Uncle Manuel Uncle Jose Uncle Gregorio

Alberto taught him to love the
instilled him the love for
taught him physical skills beauty of nature
such as swimming, fencing, education
wrestling
 SS

Father Leoncio Lopez Doña Teodora

helped Rizal understand taught him to love the beauty of
philosophy of life nature
 SS

“Sa Aking Mga Kababata” Father Magin

(To My Fellow Children)
Rizal wrote this when he was eight years old
and considered it as his first poem; love for
the native language.
Ateneo de Manila
formerly known as Escuela Pia
Ferrand
refused Rizal’s acceptance in
Letran due to these reasons: 1. He
was a late registrant 2. He was
pale, thin and undersized for his
age.

Letran
the school where Rizal took his first
examination before his admission in Ateneo; it
happened during June 10, 1872.
 SS
Rizal did not use his surname “Mercado” when he studied in Ateneo. The reason
for this is because his brother Paciano has a relation with the leaders of a
secularization movement and was under close monitoring.

Ateneo encouraged competition and divided the class into empires: Roman
empire (boarding students are the members) and Carthaginian
empire(composed of the non-boarding students).

Father Jose Bech ration studiorum

Rizal’s first professor method of instruction used in Ateneo

Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (for the greater

Glory of God)
Ateneo’s education goal
 SS
• Rizal did not use his surname “Mercado” when he studied in Ateneo. The
reason for this is because his brother Paciano has a relation with the leaders
of a secularization movement and was under close monitoring.

• Ateneo encouraged competition and divided the class into empires: Roman
empire (boarding students are the members) and Carthaginian
empire(composed of the non-boarding students).

Father Jose Bech ration studiorum

Rizal’s first professor method of instruction used in Ateneo

Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (for the greater

Glory of God)
Ateneo’s education goal

Bachiller en Artes
Bachelor’s degree of Rizal in Ateneo; he
graduated with flying colors
Father Pablo Pastells, S.J
mentor of Rizal when he was a member of
Marian Congregation (offered to Atenians
with the highest degree of scholarships)
Father Fransisco Paula
de Sanchez
guided Rizal when he was developing his
poetic skills before entering Sta. Isabel
College
SS
Sta. Isabel College
he took private lessons here to be
proficient in Spanish and enhance his
poetic skills further.
• During his time in Sta.Isabel College,
whenever he was vacant, he would
take painting lessons from Agustin
Saez and sculpture lessons from
Teodoro Romualdo de Jesus.
• As a result, he was able to sculpt
Virgin Mary and Sacred Heart of Jesus
 SS
Mi Primera Al Niño Jesus (To
Inspiración (My the Child Jesus)
first Inspiration) - an expression of his devotion towards
poem dedicated to his mother during her
Catholicism,
birthday
Un recuerdo de Mi Faculty of Philosophy
Pueblo (In Memory of and Letters, Major in
My Town) Philosophy
written in 1876, a tribute to his hometown, he enrolled in this course because of his
Calamba father.

University of Santo Tomas

the Dominican University of the Philippines

Liceo Artistico
Letterario de
Manila
an organization for arts lovers. Rizal
entered this and his works are A La
Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth),
El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of
the Gods).
SS
A La Juventud
Filipina(To the
Filipino Youth)
won him the grand prize in the contest
and earned him a silver quill. Reasons
why his work was chosen:
1. Best Spanish poem written by a
Filipino
2. It was a nationalistic concept
about his love for the country.

El Consejo de los
Dioses (The Council
of the Gods)
best entry in the competition that year
but not chosen because the Spaniards
knew that the author of it was a Filipino.
A Filipinas
written in February 1880; a sonnet
dedicated to our mother country and
encourages the Filipino artists to pay a
tribute to the Philippines through their
art works; considered the most
passionate poem written by Rizal.
SS
Junto Al Pasig
a one-act play requested by the Jesuits
and was staged in Ateneo for the Feast
of Immaculate Conception on
December 8. It contains his appeal to
the Filipino youth to rebuke foreigners
for that causes them misery.
● Rizal experienced the unjust and
unfair treatment of the Spaniards when
he did not pay any respect to a
lieutenant of the Guardia Civil because
of the darkness of night. He was slashed
at the back.
 SS

Governor General Salvadora

Primo de Rivera the steamer Rizal boarded to sail to
he wrote a letter of complaint to him Singapore.
but there was no action because he was
an indio.
Djemnah
May 1, 1882 the next steamer he boarded until the
harbor of Marseilles then he boarded
he left Calamba to manila for his studies the train to Barcelona, Spain.
abroad

May 3, 1882 Plaza de Cataluna

he left Manila with brother Paciano and a welcoming celebration was given to
Uncle Rivera’s blessing him when he arrived in Barcelona
 SS

El Amor Patrio (Love Academy of San

of Country) Carlos
his first essay and was published in he took up painting and sculpture,
Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882; he French, German, and English.
used his pen name Laong Laan when he
wrote this. Hall of Sanz and
Carbonell
September 1882 he took up fencing and shooting
he moved to Madrid.
● He was given the degree of Licentiate in
November 3, 1882 Medicine and continued his doctorate
degree in Medicine but he failed to
he enrolled in the University of Madrid
present his thesis that is required for his
and took up Philosophy and Letters in
graduation.
Medicine.
 SS

● He finished his course in Philosophy ● Circulo Hispano disbanded because

and Letters and gained the degree 1. There’s a huge difference between its
Licenciado en Filosofía y Letras. members who were young students
and retired colonials.
Circulo Hispano 2. Huge age difference

Filipino
a social organization meant to create Miguel Morayta
reforms for the Philippines. influenced Rizal to become a member of
freemasonry.
Juan Atayde “Dimasalang”
a retired army officer and a Philippine-
born Spaniard. masonic name that he used.
 SS

November 15, 1890 Paris / November 1885

Rizal became the Master Mason in he transferred to Paris to Ophthalmology
Lodge Solidaridad and was immediately
removed from the Catholic church.
Maximo Viola
Consuelo funded Noli Me Tangere and a friend
from San Miguel, Bulacan
His love interest in Madrid but he cannot
pursue her because he was still engaged Dr. Louis de Weckert
with Leonor Rivera.
Rizal worked for him as an assistant in his
eye clinic.
Juan Luna
awarded top prize for his painting Spolarium while Hidalgo got the second prize for his
painting Christianas Expuetas al Populacho (Christian Virgin Exposed to the population).
 SS

Germany/February Dr. Karl Ulmer

1886
he left Paris due to high cost of living.
Dr. Otto Becker
during his time in Germany, he worked
for his eye hospital. This is where he
mastered the techniques of diagnosing
eye ailments.
a pastor of the vicarage of Wilhelmsfeld.
July 31, 1886
Rizal started his correspondence with
Professor Blumentritt.
Ferdinand Blumentritt
Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria

A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of

Heidelberg)
letter containing the virtues of German women.
 SS

Prof. Freidrich Ratzel October 29,

a popular German historian
Dr. Hans Meyer
a famous anthropologist
Leipzig
this is where Rizal translated Schiller’s
William Tell in Tagalog (showed how the
Swissachieved their independence in a
peaceful manner).
● He also translated Hans Christian
Andersen’s fairy tales.
1886/Dresden
Rizal met Dr. Adolph Meyer, he saw the
collection about the Philippines.
November 1,
1886/Berlin
Here he became a member of the
Anthropological Society, the
Ethnographic Society and the Geographic
Society due to recommendation from Dr.
Jagor and Dr.
Meyer.

● He published Noli Me Tangere in Berlin
(1887) with the help of Maximo Viola.
Maximo Viola
gave Jose Rizal 300php to fund the first
2000 copies of Noli Me Tangere.
Dr. Ernest Shcweigger
he worked as his assistant when he was
in Berlin.
● Here, he pawned his diamond ring
given by Saturnina and sold his books in
the bookstore to enable him to eat.
SS
Prague
Viola and Rizal visited several historical
places accompanied by Dr. Welkom as
recommended by Blumentritt; they
visited the Tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus
(Polish Astronomer) and the cave of San
Juan Nepomucemo where he was jailed.
Vienna
capital city of Austria-Hungary
May 20, 1887
Rizal and Viola arrived at Vienna
 SS

May 27, 1887/ Munich Geneva

they went to Nuremberg to see the this was where Rizal received the bad
torture machines used during the news about the bad conditions of the
inquisition against the enemies of the primitive Igorots who were exhibited in
Catholic Church. the Exposition in the Philippines.

Some Igorots died and their possessions

like their g-strings and crude weapons
were the subject of mockery by the
Spaniards and the press.
 SS

The Return to Calamba

Djemnah Padre Faura
ferried him to Saigon when he visited Ateneo, these priests
showed him his carving of the Sacred
Haiphong (Vietnam) Heart of Jesus and told him the wrong
points he committed in his novel, Noli
ferried him to Manila on August 5, 1887
Me Tangere.
● After arrival, he stayed in Manila for
three days and tried to reach out to August 8, 1887
Isabelo delos Reyes. he arrived in Calamba; here he
established his first clinic and his first
patient was his mother.

The Return to Calamba
Dr. Uliman
people mistakenly called him this name
because they thought Rizal was a
German.
SS
Emilio Terrero
the governor-general during the time
when Rizal went back to Calamba and
resisted the arrest imposed by the Friars
because of the reproduction of Noli Me
Tangere; wanted to have an
investigation about the Calamba
Agrarian problems.
● Rizal’s family was exiled to another
part of the country because he
supported the rights of the tenants.
 SS

The Return to Calamba

Jose Taviel de Mariano Herbosa
Andrade Rizal’s brother-in-law was denied proper
a lieutenant assigned to Rizal to burial by the Catholic Church because he
protect him. was married to Rizal’s sister, Lucia.

Lieutenant General Himno al Trabajo

Valeriano Weyler
succeeded Emilio Terrero and
thought highly of the friars for his
position.
(Hymn to labor)
a poem that depicts Rizal’s appreciation for
men’s efforts and compliment the country’s
wealth and energy. He believed that
hardwork of labor is the country’s blood.
Health and life.
 SS

Trip to Hong Kong

● Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on
February 8, 1888.

● Filipinos Maria Basa, Balbino

Mauricio and Manuel Yriarte were
exiled in 1872.

● here, he met Barranda, Torero's

secretary
 SS

Trip to Japan
● February 28, 1888 - Rizal arrived in
Yokohama Japan

● Juan Perez Caballero - invited Rizal

to live with him at the SPanish
Legation for a month.

● Rizal studied Nihongo, Japanese

cultures, theaters, martial arts and
Japanese provinces.

● O-Sei-San/ Seiko Usui - his love

interest in Japan.
 SS

Trip to United States

● The steamer he boarded was
quarantined because of the issue
where Chinese and Japanese
laborers accepted cheap laborers
replacing American laborers.
● He was impressed with all cities for
their natural beauty and the
hardworking people.
● His negative impressions about it
were lack of racial equality and racial
prejudice.
 SS

Trip to London
● Dr. Reinhold Rost - allowed Rizal to
undertake research at the British
Museum
● Rizal was able to read Morga
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
 SS

Trip to London
● Dr. Rost inspired Rizal to
contribute two articles in the Asian
Studies Journal Trubner’s Recordon
May 1889.

✓ Specimens of Tagal Folklore -

collection of 14 proverbs, 8
puzzles, and 2 verses

✓ Two Eastern Fables - comparison

of Japanese and Philippine
Fables.
 SS

Trip to London
✓ He received bad news from the
Philippines while staying in
London:
1. Persecution of fellow Filipinos
who signed the Anti-Friar Petition
of 1888 submitted to the Queen
Regen4

2. Persecutions of the tenants

ofCalamba, including the RIzal
family

3. The exile of Rizal’s brother in law,

Manuel Hidalgo in Bohol.
 SS

Trip to London
● Rizal stayed in the house of
Valentin Ventura in Paris.

● He polished and annotated the

version of Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas
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Trip to London
➢ Rizal spent his Christmas and New
Year with the Beckett family.

➢ Gertrude Beckett/ Tottie and

Sissie - he prevented his feelings
for her because he knew that she
was falling for him.

➢ In December 1888, he visited

Madrid and Barcelona where he
met Marcelo Del Pilar and
mariano Ponce, leaders of the
Propaganda Movement.
 SS

Trip to London
➢ He was chosen as the Honorary
President during inauguration of
Asociacion La Solidaridad on
Dec. 31, 1888
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AIMS OF THE PROPAGANDA

MOVEMENT
✓ Philippines be made as a
province of Spain

✓ Have a representative of the

Philippines in the Spanish court

✓ Secularization of Parishes
 SS

Rizal founded:
✓ Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos in
March 1889 - prove that the
Filipinos can be the best in terms of
intellectual and physical aspects.

✓ R.D.L.M (Redención de los Malayos) -

the purpose is to increase the
knowledge of people in the
Philippines.
 SS

Writings for La Solidaridad

✓ Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años - The Philippines a Century Hence

✓ Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos - On the indolence of the Filipinos

 SS

In Belgium:
✓ January 28, 1890 - Rizal left for
Brussels, Belgium.

✓ He left Paris because of the cost of

living and he cannot focus on
writing his second novel El
Filibusterismo
 SS

In Belgium:
✓ He continued to write for La
Solidaridad

✓ Rizal received bad news about the

worsened state of Calamba land.
The Dominicans raised the rents and
the tenants refused to pay it. They
stripped the ownership of Calamba
land from the Rizal family.
 SS

In Belgium:
✓ He wrote a poem to address his
disappointments on the land
problems of Calamba.”A Mi
Musa”(To My Muse). It was
published under his pen name
“Laong Laan” in La Solidaridad
 SS

In Belgium:
1. The cost of printing wa cheaper in
Ghent

2. To escape the enticing attraction of

Petite Suzanne(Jose Alejandor from
pampanga and Edilberto
Evangelista from Manila were his
competitors)
 SS

Biaritz, France
✓ He was entertained by the
Boustead Family

✓ He developed an affection for Nelly

Boustead.

✓ Finished his second novel El Fili on

March 29, 1891

✓ March 30, 1891, the revisions were

completed.
 SS

Biaritz, France
✓ Three years were spent to finish
the whole novel

✓ Fr. Meyer-Van Loo Press - press

found by Rizal to publish his novel

✓ Ventin Ventura - gave funds to save

the publishing of his novel.
 SS

To Hong Kong
✓ Rizal left for Hong Kong after
Publishing El Fili

✓ Jose Ma. Panganiban(Jomapa), died

✓ La Liga Filipina aimed for:

1. unity of the whole archipelago

into one body

2. Common protection in every

want and necessity
 SS

To Hong Kong
3. Protection against all forms of
violence and injustice

4. Stimulation of instruction,
agriculture and commerce

5. Motto: One Like All

➢ He went back to the Philippines

despite the disapproval of his family
and friends.
 SS

To Hong Kong
➢ June 26, 1892 - he arrived in the
Philippines and went to visit his friends
to encourage them to join La Liga
Filipina.

➢ July 6, 1892 - he was captured and

brought to Fort Santiago. He was
accused of bringing with him the
leaflets “Pobres Frailes” or poor friars -
a satire against the rich Dominicans

➢ Fr. Jacinto - Author of “Pobres Frailes”

or poor friars
 SS

THREE REASONS FOR GOING

BACK TO THE PHILIPPINES
1. He wanted to talk to Gov.Gen. Eulogio Despujol about his Borneo Colonization
Project.

2. The establishment of La Liga Filipina in the Philippines

3. To prove that Eduardo de Lete’s criticism about him being comfortable in Hong
Kong was wrong.
 SS

Rizal in Dapitan (1892 - 1896)

• Rizal practiced medicine, pursued
scientific studies, continued his
artistic and literary works, and
widened his knowledge of
languages.

• Cap. Carnicero - Rizal lived with him.

• Father Pastells - Rizal’s spiritual

director

• Contemptus Mundi - a booklet by

Sarda sent to Rizal by Fr. Pastells
 SS

Rizal in Dapitan (1892 - 1896)

• Florencio Namanan aka Pablo Mercado
- hired to spy on Rizal.

• Juan Lardet - quarreled Rizal because

of the purchased poor-quality lumber
from him

• He was an eye specialist and cured

patients such as Don Ignacio Tumarong
and Don Florencio Azacarraga.

• He built a water system there without

government’s help
 SS

Last Homecoming and Trial

• Upon arrival in Singapore, his friends appealed by inciting Habeas Corpus but were
denied by the Singaporean jurisdiction saying that Rizal boarded a warship and was
out of their jurisdiction.

• Don Luis Travel de Andrade - the one who defended him during his court trials

• Gov. Camilo Polaveija - approves Rizal’s execution by firing squad.