CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

FYI: THIS REVIEWER IS NOT MINE. I JUST BOUGHT IT ONLINE AND

I’M ALSO SHARING IT TO YOU! GOODLUCK FUTURE LPT

PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT
1. Influenced by Heredity (Nature) and Environment (Nurture).
2. Sequence is Predictable.
3. Depends on Maturation (Age) and Learning (Process of Acquisition)
4. Simple to Complex / General to Specific.

• PRINCIPLE S OF GROWTH
1. Physical Change/ Quantitative/ Measurable
2. Growth is Rapid
P – Prenatal
N – Neonatal
I – Infancy
A – Adolescence
3. Childhood – Slowdown
4. Adulthood – Minimal Growth

• STAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH DEVELOPMENT (PIBELPAEaMaO)

1. Prenatal – 0 – Birth
a. G – germinal – period of zygote/ cell division
b. E – embryonic – most critical period 2-8 weeks.
c. F – fetal – 8 week to birth.

2. Infancy Stage – Birth to 2 Weeks

- Shortest of all developmental.
- Extreme helplessness.
3. Babyhood – 2 week to 2 years old
- Decrease of dependency/ cooing, babbling

4. Early Childhood – 2 to 6 years old

- Troublesome age/ Preschool

5. Middle and late Childhood - 6 to 12 years old

- Growth is slowly but relatively / 3Rs are mastered.

6. Puberty Stage – 12 to 14 years old

- Unique and distinctive/ rapid physical changes.

7. Adolescence – 14 to 18 y.o
- High tend emotionally/ storm and stress.

8. Early Adulthood – 18 to 29 y.o

- New patterns of life and new roles.

9. Middle Adulthood – 30 to 60 y.o

- Adjustments to initial physical and mental.

10. Old Age/ Late Adulthood - 60 and above

- Decreasing strength and health retirement.

• THEORIES
1. PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
- SIGMUND FREUD (AUSTRIAN)

• PERSONALITY COMPONENTS
1. ID – pleasure/ instinct/ want.
2. EGO – reality/ action/ decision maker.
3. SUPEREGO – moral and conscience (right and wrong)

• TOPOGRAPHIC MODEL
1. UNCONSCIOUS – thoughts, wishes, feelings.
2. CONSCIOUS – aware.
3. SUBCONSCIOUS – still hidden somewhat unless, we search for it/
telephone number.

2. PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
- SIGMUND FREUD
- Erogenous Zone – pleasure area
✓ O A Pha La Ge
1. Oral (Birth to 18 months) – mouth/ sucking

Perceptive – smoking, drink

Aggressive – gossipier
2. Anal (18 months – 3 years) – Anus/ eliminating feces.

Retentive – cleanliness
Expulsive – disorganized
3. Phallic Stage (3 to y.o) – genitals

Oedipus Complex – son to mother

Electra Complex - daughter to father CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT
4. Latency Stage (6 to 12 y.o) – none/ dormant

▪ DEFENSE MECHANISM
Academic skills/ girls to girls/ boys to boys.
1. REPRESSION – pinipigilan/ pushes (kusang kinakalimutan, traumatic,
protect)
2. DENIAL – refuses to acknowledge.
3. REGRESSION – returns to an earlier.
4. PROJECTION – externalized by placing onto other (pinapsa sa iba ang
gawain).
5. DISPLACEMENT – shifted away from true cause (iba ang sinasaktan).
6. SUBLIMATION – transformed into positive, socially acceptable forms.
7. UNDOING – do it always to forget.

5. Genital Stage (12 y.o up)

-Biologic capacity/ sexual urges awaked.

3. PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
- ERIK H. ERIKSON
Syntonic (Positive)
Dystonic (Negative)
Malignancy (too little of positive)
Maladaption (too much of positive)
• I T Pre S A Y M O TAIIIIGI HWPCFLCW
1. INFANCY (0 – 18 months) – Trust vs. Mistrust HOPE
2. TODDLERHOOD (2 -3 y.o) – Autonomy vs. Shame
and Doubt Will/ Power/
Determination
3. PRESCHOOL (3 – 6 y.o) – Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose Courage
4. SCHOOL AGE (6 – 12 y.o) – Industry vs. Inferiority Competency
5. ADOLESCENCE (12 – 18 y.o) – Identity vs. Role Confusion Fidelity
6. YOUNG/ EARLY ADULTHOOD (18 -25 y.o) – Intimacy vs. Isolation
Love
7. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (25 – 65 y.o) – Generativity vs.
Stagnation Care
8. OLD AGE (65 up) – Integrity vs. Despair Wisdom
8. Compensation – guilty gift
9. Splitting – mabait kung mabait
10. Conversion – stress – disability

11. Suppression – pilit kinakalimutan

4. MORAL DEVELOPMENT
- LAWRENCE KOHLBERG (American)

• Level 1 Pre – Conventional

1. Punishment-Obedience – fear/ act to avoid punishment.
2. Instrumental Relativist – mutual benefit

• Level 2 Conventional
3. Good Boy – Nice Girl – Social approval/ authority is respected.
4. Law and Order Orientation – law

• Level 3 Post Conventional

5. Social Contract – Social Justice/ benefits society
6. Universal Ethical Principle – ideal stage

5. BIOECOLOGICAL and SYSTEM

- URIE BRONFENBRENNER

Mi M E Ma C
1. MICROSYSTEM – innermost/ home/ immediate/ school.
2. MESOSYSTEM – tita/ cousin/ link.
3. EXOSYSTEM – neighbor/ workplace.
4. MACROSYSTEM – larger system/ culture.
5. CHRONOSYSTEM – events affecting the lifespan.

6. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY

- JEAN PIAGET (Swiss)

1. SENSORIMOTOR STAGE (birth – 2 yrs.)

- Prominence of the senses/ muscle movement
- Object permanence

2. PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE (2 -7 y.o)

1. S – symbolic function – represent object.
2. E – egocentrism – only see his point of view.
3. C – centration – focus on one thing/ exclude other aspect.
4. L – lack of conservation – renicing unchanged despite looking
different.
5. I – irreversibility – inability to reverse.
6. A – animism – human like.
7. R – realism – dreams are real.

3. CONCRETE OPERATIONA STAGE (7 – 11 yrs.)

1. DECENTERING – perceive different features.
2. REVERSIBILITY – follow certain operations.
3. CONSERVATION – properties objects/ do not change.
4. SERIATION – arrange things/ series/ order.

4. FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE – 11 years above

1. H – Hypothetical Reasoning – come up/ judgement
2. A – Analogical - analyze
3. D – Deductive Method – general to specific
BASIC COGNITIVE CONCEPTS
1. SCHEMA – prior knowledge
2. ASSIMILATION – fitting new experience.
3. ACCOMODATION – creating/ modifying.
4. EQUILIBRATION – proper balance.

7. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
- ABRAHAM MASLOW

PSBES
1. PHYSIOLOGICAL – food, shelter, reproduction.
2. SAFETY – property, employment.
3. LOVE and BELONGINESS – relationship.
4. ESTEEM – respect, status, recognition.
5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION – best version of oneself.

8. EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT (EQ)

- DANIEL GOLEMAN

SESES
1. SELF-AWARENESS – recognize your feeling (corner stone of
emotional intelligence).
2. EMOTIONAL CONTROL – manage your emotion.
3. SELF-MOTIVATION – stay hopeful.
4. EMPATHY – sensitivity the others
5. SOCIAL SKILLS – grace in dealing with others.

• CATEGORIES OF EXCEPTIONALITIES
1. AUTISM – social skills, repetitive behavior, speech.
2. ASPERGER’S SYNDROME – same with autism but no general, delay in
language/ cognitive.
3. MENTAL RETARDATION – slow learning/ 70 and below IQ.
4. CELEBRAL PALSY – affects muscle tone, movement.
5. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER – hyperactivity.
6. DOWN SYNDROME – impairment of cognitive ability extra 21st
chromosome.
7. DYSLEXIA – reading and spelling.
8. APHASIA – comprehend language/ brain injuries.
9. DYSCALCULIA – basic math/ disability.
10. ACALCULIA – injury/ math.
11. DYSNOMIA – anomic aphasia/ retrieving words.
12. GIFTEDNESS – above average.
13. DYSGRAPHIA – written.
14. TOURETTE SYNDROME – simple tics complex tics.
15. DYSPRAXIA – movement and co ordinance.

• PEOPLE FIRST LANGUAGE

- Child with… / he has/ had polio.