Date: DEC-12-2023

LAB MANUAL
CHEMICAL PROCESS OPTIMIZATION (CH-404)
Lab No:05 Roll No:CH-20313
LAB ASSESSMENT RUBRICS

TITLE: Interpolation and Curve fitting.

DESCRIPTION:

Question 1: linear interpolation for sine function.

CODES:
1. m. file:
close all; clear all;
ezplot('sin(x)',[0 10]); hold on; % plot sin(x) forinterval 0~10.
x = 0:10; y = sin(x); % make given data x, y
xc = 0:.25:10; % make points forinterpolation
yc = interp1(x,y,xc); % for x and y, then calc and save yc for xc
plot(x,y,'o',xc,yc,'.-');
legend('original sine curve','given points','1storder interpolation','3')
2. command window:
 Date: DEC-12-2023
LAB MANUAL
CHEMICAL PROCESS OPTIMIZATION (CH-404)
Lab No:05 Roll No:CH-20313

Question 2: Plot the following data of temperatures and electromotive

force(emf) of thermocouples with 'bo-'. Show the values using linear
interpolation with 'g-.' which interval is 1.Then, for temperatures of 52 and
77, show the calculated emf using linear interpolation with red*.

temperatures(℃) 40 48 56 64 72 80
emf(mV) 1.33 1.67 2.08 2.36 2.71 3.19
CODES:
1)m. file:
%prob_2 example of linear interpolation
clear all; close all; clc
x=[40 48 56 64 72 80];
y=[1.33 1.67 2.08 2.36 2.71 3.19];
xx=[40:80]; yy=interp1(x,y, xx);
plot(x,y,'bo-',xx,yy,'g.-'); hold on; xlabel('Temp(degree)');
ylabel('emf(mV)');
x2=[52 77]; y2=interp1(x,y, x2);
plot(x2,y2,'r*')
legend('given points','1st interpolation','1st interpolationgiven points','2');

2) COMMAND WINDOW:
 Date: DEC-12-2023
LAB MANUAL
CHEMICAL PROCESS OPTIMIZATION (CH-404)
Lab No:05 Roll No:CH-20313

Task 2: Linear interpolation for two independent variables

The MATLAB function zc=interp2(x,y,z,x0,y0) interpolates to find zc, the values of the
underlying.2-D function z at the points in matrices x0 and y0. Matrices x and y specify the points
at which the data z is given.
Question 3: Next table is the measured temperatures at 0 to 5 seconds for rpm of a engine.
1. draw the data in 3 dimensional using surf(). 2. printout as belows. 3. calculate the temperature
for a given time and rpm(use input() function) which is made by function interp2(), but finish that
time is 0(use while ... end).

CODES:
1)m. file:
%prob_3 linear interpolation with two independent v.
clear all; close all;
x=[0 1 2 3 4 5]; % 1x6
y=[2000 3000 4000 5000 6000]; % 1x5
z=[ 0 0 0 0 0
20 110 176 190 240
60 180 220 285 327
68 240 349 380 428
77 310 450 510 620
110 405 503 623 785] % 6x5 matrix.
surf(x,y,z'); % or surf(x',y',z)
xlabel('Time(sec)'); ylabel('Speed(rpm)');
zlabel('Temperature(Degree)');
fprintf('Table 1. Engine Temperature variation for time(sec) vs.rpm.\n')
fprintf('time, rpm :'); fprintf('%6d',y); fprintf('\n');
for i=1:length(x);
fprintf('%3d ',x(i)); fprintf('%6d',z(i,:));
fprintf('\n');
end
x1=input('time=');
while x1 ~= 0;
y1=input('rpm='); z1=interp2(x,y,z',x1,y1);
fprintf('t=%3.1fsec, rpm=%4d RMP,temp= %6.2f(C)\n',x1,y1,z1);
x1=input('time=');
end
2) COMMAND WINDOW:
 Date: DEC-12-2023
LAB MANUAL
CHEMICAL PROCESS OPTIMIZATION (CH-404)
Lab No:05 Roll No:CH-20313

Task 3: Spline interpolation

In Matlab, cubic spline associated functions are pp=spline(x,y) calculate coefficients of pp
provides the piecewise polynomial form of the cubic spline interpolant to the data values y at the
data sites x. yy=ppval(pp,xx) calculate the spline results yy at xx with the coefficients pp.
yy=spline(x,y,xx) is the same as yy=ppval(spline(x,y),xx) General usage is the calculation that
absence of end slopes. But, if number of y data is two more x, the both ends are recognized as
slopes. ex [1 y 1]
Question 4: Example of Cubic Spline
sin(x) values are given for 5 points with the same interval from 0 to 2pi, compare the true sine
values and the spline values (absence the slopes and present the slopes), where, spline coefficients
calculate with 5 points, the number of calculation point of x is 21.

CODES:
1)m. file:
%prob_4.m Example of Cubic Spline
clear all; close all; clc;
x = 0: 2*pi/4: 2*pi; y = sin(x); % make 5 points of x; calc y with sin(x);
 Date: DEC-12-2023
LAB MANUAL
CHEMICAL PROCESS OPTIMIZATION (CH-404)
Lab No:05 Roll No:CH-20313
plot(x, y,'or'); hold on; % draw given 5 points with plot( ,'o'); hold on;
ezplot('sin(x)',[0 2*pi]);% draw sine curve with ezplot(); %interval 0 to 2pi.
xx = [0: 2*pi/20: 2*pi]; % make 21 points of xx; % increment 2*pi/20
yy = spline(x,y,xx); % calculate yy with spline; % (withoutboth ends slope)
plot(xx, yy,'-c.') % draw calculated values with plot( ,'-c.');
y2=spline(x,[1 y 1],xx); % both ends slope is all 1 at x=0,2pi. dsin(x)/dx = cos(x)
plot(xx,y2,'-m.') ; % draw y2 with plot( ,'-r.');
legend('given point','original sine curve','without slope','with slope','1')
red points and line are spline values with both ends slope. (itis nearly same to true
curve ?!)
2) COMMAND WINDOW:

RESULT & DISCUSSION:

Utilizing MATLAB, linear interpolation for the sine function was accomplished
with `interp1()`, while `interp2()` facilitated the same for two independent variables.
Spline interpolation, achieved through `spline()`, provided a smooth curve fitting
approach. These functions are essential for precise estimations and curve
constructions between known data points.