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Table of Revised Pages

Revisions Revisions Revisions

PAGE PAGE PAGE

Rev.0 Rev.1 Rev.2 Rev.3 Rev.0 Rev.1 Rev.2 Rev.3 Rev.0 Rev.1 Rev.2 Rev.3

1 √
2 √
3 √
4 √ √
5 √
6 √ √
√
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7
8 √
9 √
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11 √
12 √ √
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Table of Content

1 . SCOPE
1T 1T 1T ................................................................................................................ 4
1T

2 . REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
1T 1T 1T .......................................................................... 4
1T

3 . DEFINITIONS
1T 1T 1T .................................................................................................. 4
1T

4 . SAFETY
1T 1T 1T ............................................................................................................... 5
1T

5 . GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 5
1T 1T 1T 1T

6 . PERSONNEL
1T 1T 1T ............................................................................................. 6
1T

7 . EQUIPMENT
1T 1T 1T ................................................................................................... 6
1T

8 . CONSUMABLE MEDIA ................................................................................... 7

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1T 1T 1T 1T

9 . CALIBRATION
1T 1T 1T ............................................................................................... 7
1T

10 . SURFACE CONDITIONS
1T 1T 1T ................................................................................ 7
1T

11 . WELD IDENTIFICATION
1T 1T 1T .............................................................................. 7
1T

12 . VIEWING CONDITION
1T 1T 1T ................................................................................ 7
1T

13 . TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

1T 1T 1T ................................................................... 8
1T

14 . MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION METHOD

1T 1T 1T ........................................ 8
1T

15 . CLASSIFICATION OF INDICATIONS
1T 1T 1T ........................................................... 10
1T

16 . ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
1T 1T 1T ......................................................................... 10
1T

17 . DEMAGNETIZATION
1T 1T 1T ................................................................................ 10
1T

18 . REPORTING
1T 1T 1T .............................................................................................. 11
1T

19 . POST CLEANING
1T 1T 1T .......................................................................................... 11
1T
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1 . SCOPE
0T

This procedure details the requirements for detection of surface breaking defects of welds of
ferromagnetic material by magnetic particle test (MT) for shop and field-fabricated piping, steel
structure.

2 . REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
0T

1) ASME Sec V,
- Magnetic Particle Examination
Article 7
2) ANSI B 31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery piping
3) ASME Sec IX Welding Qualification
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4) AWS D1.1 Steel Structural Welding Code

5) ASME Sec VIII Rules for Construction of pressure vessel

3 . DEFINITIONS
0T

• CLIENT : NIOC (National Iranian Oil Company)

• COMPANY : SIPC (Sinopec International Petroleum E & P

Corporation)

• CONTRACTOR : JPSSK ( JAHANPARS ENGNIEERING &

CONTRUCTION COMPANY & SINOPEC
SERVICE KISH Consortium)

• SUB-CONTRACTOR: The firm / corporation to which the JPSSK may in

turn Sub-contract part of the work subject to prior
approval of the Company

• Work: All temporary and permanent work described in

Contract and Specifications
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4 . SAFETY
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All local regulation shall be strictly adhered. Using of magnetic suspension spray shall be in
accordance with the manufacturer recommendations.

4.1 Manufacturer recommendation shall be observed in case of touching the product with skin of
applicants, washing and proper solvent selection.

4.2 The operator shall keep away the MT spray bottles from fire hazard or at places where high
temperature might lead to explosion of spray bottles.

4.3 The operator shall always keep the spray bottles on its special case after completion of job or
during work break.

4.4 The operator shall check the expiry date of MT material and shall abstain to use expired
material.
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4.5 Prior to applying spray bottles, the operator shall ensure proper functioning of nozzles and
shall avoid using spray bottles which are dripping, punctured or in any way defective.

5 . GENERAL
0T

5.1Basic Principles
Magnetic particle test is a method of Non-destructive testing that is based on sensing the
permeability change between ferromagnetic material and flaw. By proper magnetizing of the area
under test, flaws at or near the magnetized surface distort the magnetic field causing local
leakage flux. If finely divided ferromagnetic particles are applied on the surface of the suspect
area, they are attracted by the leakage flux and accumulated at the site of the flaw, thus enabling
visual detection.
5.2Flaw orientation
Maximum sensitivity is achieved when the flaw lies at right angle toward the applied magnetic flux,
but sensitivity is still beyond the effective level if the flaw is oriented at an angle up to 45º from the
optimum direction.
Beyond 45º the sensitivity is decreased rapidly. To ensure achieving maximum test sensitivity,
examination of any surface requires the flux to be applied in at least 2 directions at right angle to
each other in two separate operations.
5.3Application Range
Magnetic Particle Test may be used for:

(a) Weld bevel inspection (as applicable)

(b) Inspection of completed qualification and production welds (as applicable)
(c) Repair excavation
(d) Surface defect checks
(e) The reverse side of double welded butt joints after back gouging and grinding
(f) Examining weld scar’s
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5.4Limitations
(a) This method can be used to test ferromagnetic materials.
(b) Variation in material structure and certain type of segregation can give some misleading
indications.

6 . PERSONNEL
0T

Non-Destructive testing of qualification welds and production welds shall be performed by

personnel qualified and certified in accordance with on following items :
• SNT-TC-1A (1996): ANSI recommended practice, minimum Level I or approved
equivalent. Interpretation of NDT reports shall be by an ASNT Level II or approved
equivalent.
• BS EN 473 (2008) : qualification and certification of NDT personnel
• CSWIP-ISO-NDT-11/93-R: requirements for employer specific certification of
personnel engaged non destructive testing in accordance with the requirements of
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EN 473.
Certification of personnel shall be made available to the client.

7 . EQUIPMENT
0T

7.1Magnetizing Unit

A portable electromagnet hand yoke shall be the standard equipment used. The equipment will be
the well-known product and will have the valid traceable quality certificate. Furthermore, the
equipment shall all times be in good working condition and periodic checks according to the
applicable reference shall be done and documented. The equipment shall have a lifting power of
at least 4.5 Kg at the maximum pole spacing that is used. In addition to which a permanent
magnet shall be utilized in areas were a power source is unavailable. This shall comply with the
same lifting requirements as indicated above. Lifting block test piece shall be weighed and
marked to indicate 4.5 K.g in weight.

7.2UV Lamp

The UV (black light) shall be the standard equipment. It shall be able to provide a minimum of 800
µw/cm2 on the surface of the part being examined.. The black light shall be allowed to warm up
for a minimum of 5 Min. prior to use or measurement of the intensity.

7.3UV Intensity Meter

The black light intensity will be measured by UV intensity meter.

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8 . CONSUMABLE MEDIA
0T

8.1 Non-fluorescent black magnetic suspension spray type shall be used with or without
suitable quick drying white contrasting paint, depending on surface condition.

8.2 Fluorescent magnetic suspension may be used alternatively depending on surface condition.
The water base media shall contain anti-rust additive.

8.3 For testing hot surface dry magnetic powder may be used. Magnetic inks and powders shall
be Non-toxic and high permeability and low retentively. All consumables will be selected from
well-known brands. Supplier’s certificate for material composition and expiry date shall be
available and documented.

9 . CALIBRATION
0T

The strength of the electromagnet hand yoke shall be assessed by measuring the lifting power.
The lifting power is the ability of the electromagnet to lift a piece of ferric steel by magnetic
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attraction alone. The weight of the applicable piece of ferrites steel for calibration purpose shall be
4.5 Kg.
The lifting power shall be checked at least 6 month intervals or whenever a yoke has been
damaged. If a yoke has not been in use for a year or more, a check shall be done prior to first use.
The calibration record will be documented and maintained and retained for the time period
specified in the specifications.

10 . SURFACE CONDITIONS
0T

Prior to magnetic particle inspection, the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at
least 25 mm, shall be cleaned to be dry and free of any dirt, grease, oil, welding flux, spatter, or
other extraneous matter that could interfere with the inspection process.

11 . WELD IDENTIFICATION
0T

Before examination each weld shall be identified by NDT Technician or Other Responsible and as
per NDT request.

12 . VIEWING CONDITION
0T

There should be a good contrast between the detecting medium and the area under investigation.
For Non-fluorescent magnetic particle media, the illumination shall be even at a level of not less
than 500 LUX day light or artificial light.
For fluorescent magnetic particle media, the area should be dark enough enabling for shining
fluorescent media under black light. The surface of part shall have a minimum of 800 µw/cm2 UV P P

light.
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13 . TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

0T

The temperature of the magnetic particle media and the surface of the part shall not exceed 52º C P P

throughout the examination period. Any humidity range may be permitted, but the manufacturer’s
recommendation about humidity should be observed.

14 . MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION METHOD

0T

The magnetic field shall be inducted into the part by means of hand yoke, where the part or
portion thereof becomes the magnetic path between the poles. The discontinuities preferentially
transverse to the alignment of the poles are indicated.

14.1General Examination Requirements

The magnetizing force shall remain on, while the ferromagnetic particles are being applied and
while the excess media is being removed. All examinations shall be conducted with sufficient
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overlap to assure 100% coverage at the required sensitivity.

14.2 Direction of Magnetization

At least 2 separate examinations shall be performed on each area. During the second
examination, the lines of magnetic flux shall be approximately perpendicular to the lines of the first
examination.
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Direction of Magnetization L = Magnetic pole spacing

By yoke Method W = Width of pole moving
JOINT NAME DIRECTION OF MAGNETIZATION

LONGITUDINAL L
AND
CIRCUMFERENTIAL
JOINT
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Overlap Over lap: 10-20 mm

W: approx.110 mm
FIG. 4.1 L: approx.110 mm

14.3 Application of Magnetic Particles

Applications Of Wet Magnetic Particles

For wet Non-fluorescent magnetic particle inspection, the area to be examined shall be covered
first by a thin and even coat of white contrast medium and time will be allowed for drying. This
background may not be necessary for weld bevel and repair excavation or lamination checks if the
prepared surface is in a clean bright condition.

Then the wet magnetic particle suspension shall be applied and the excess shall be allowed to be
dispersed. Magnetization shall be maintained during the application of magnetic particles.

Wet fluorescent magnetic particle suspension will be prepared in proper concentration with water
and the anti-rust additive as manufacturer’s instruction by considering the surface condition of the
part. It will be applied directly by a spray bottle or spray gun. No background paint is required by
using fluorescent magnetic particle suspension.
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Applications of Dry Magnetic Particles

When using dry particles or magnetic powder, the flow of magnetizing shall be initiated prior to the
application of the magnetic particles to the surface under testing and terminated after powder
application has been completed and any excess blown off. Dry powder shall be applied by using a
puffer in order to lay down a thin uniform layer. A very light dusting of powder permits easy
observation of the formation of indications.
After applying the powder and before removing the magnetizing force, excess powder shall be
removed by means of a dry air current with sufficient force to remove the excess particles, but not
too strong to disturb particles held by a leakage field that is indicative of discontinuities. In order to
recognize the broad, fuzzy, lightly held powder patterns formed by near surface discontinuities,
the formation of indication shall be observed carefully during both powder application and
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examination of indications shall be permitted during the testing process. Dry powder shall be
applied as manufacturer’s instruction at about 30 Cm distance from the surface being inspected.
No application of dry powder should be carried out if the equipment in the habitat such as
blowers, extractor is working which may disturb the powder and thus any possible indication.

15 . CLASSIFICATION OF INDICATIONS
0T

Magnetic particle flaw detection is capable of revealing and classifying flaws in the following
categories:
Relevant Indications are those caused by discontinuities and Non-Relevant Indications that
are caused due to spurious effects such as magnetic or metallurgical variations, sharp edges,
scratches and machining marks.
Relevant indications consist of:
Linear Indications are those in which the length is more than 3 times the width. Round Indications
are those in which the length is 3 times the width or less.
The operator shall carry out any necessary testing and observations to eliminate any Non-relevant
indications. Any indication that is believed to be Non-relevant shall be re-examined by magnetic
particle or another NDT method to determine whether or not an actual discontinuity exists. After
an indication is determined to be Non-relevant, other Non-relevant indications of the same type
need not be re-examined. Meanwhile broad areas of particle accumulation, which might mask
indications of discontinuities are prohibited and such areas shall be cleaned and re-examined.

16 . ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
0T

All relevant indications shall be evaluated and its type, position, size and orientation will be
recorded.
The acceptability of all these discontinuities will be interpreted in accordance with the
requirements of relevant project specification and referencing codes as follows:
 ANSI / ASME B31.3 process piping
 ASME IX welding qualification
 AWS D1.1 steel structural welding code
 ASME VIII rules for construction of pressure vessel
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17 . DEMAGNETIZATION
0T

Residual magnetic field will be checked at the end of the examination only if required by the
relevant drawing or technical specification or when it will produce some problems (arc blow) for
subsequent welding operations.
The check will be done by “Residual Field Indicator” and then if required proper demagnetizing
process will be carried out.

18 . REPORTING
0T

The magnetic particle test sequence, data’s and results shall be reported on the report format
provided. Any detected flaw will be specified as ACCEPT or REPAIR in the report.
All examination result shall be report as per attached format (PIP-009-1)

19 . POST CLEANING
0T

Post cleaning is necessary where magnetic particle materials could interfere with subsequent
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processing or with service requirements.

It can be done by use of:
1) Brushing or compressed air to remove dry particles.
2) Drying of wet particles and subsequent removal by brushing or compressed air.
3) Removal of wet particles by flushing with solvent.
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R2
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