Two-way solid Slab design example

Design the floor system and determine the load on axis B of reinforced concrete office
building show below. All the solid slab panel carry characteristic permanent action
(excluding self-weight) of floor finishes &partition and variable action of 3kN/m2 .The
overall thickness of slab is 160mm.Nominal cover that satisfies durability, bond and fire
requirement, Cmin =30mm. C 20/25, S-400, main bar =12 mm, edge = 8mm, are
being used (Also use the unit weight of concrete as 25kN/m3)

Solution:
1. Check the slab for one way or two way
Panel Name Span ratio Check for the slab
S1 Ly/Lx 7200/6000 1.2  2 Two way
S2 Ly/Lx 7200/5150 1.4  2 Two way
S3 Ly/Lx 6000/3430 1.7  2 Two way
S4 Ly/Lx 5150/3430 1.6  2 Two way

2. Design strength and constant

fcu =25MPa
fck = 20MPa
fcd = 0.85 fck = 0.85(20) = 11.33Mpa
C 1.5
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚= 0.3 fck2/3 = 2.2𝑀𝑝𝑎
fyk =400MPa
fyd = fyk/S = 400/1.15 =347.83Mpa
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3. Minimum depth for deflection requirement

Effective depth
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 dx = 160 -30 -12/2=124mm
dy =160-30-12-12/2=112mm
4. Loads on slab
Self-wt. = 0.160*25 = 4kN/m2
Finishing and partition = 3.00kN/m2
Total GK = 7kN/m2
Live load Qk = 5.0 kN/m2
Design load Pd = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk = 1.35(7) + 1.5(5) = 16.95kN/m2
5. Analysis
5.1 Moment calculation per panel
Mi = αi pd Lx2
PanelS1

M xs  0.063  =38.44kN.m/m
Lx Ly M ys  0.047  = 28.68kN.m/m
 1.20  2 = 28.68kN.m/m
6.00  *16.95 * 6
Lx M xf  0.047  = 21.98kN.m/m
Ly M yf  0.036
7.20m

Panel S2

M xs  0.074  = 33.27kN.m/m
M ys  0.047  = 21.13kN.m/m
Ly 2 = 24.73kN.m/m
Lx = 5.15  1.4   *16.95 * 5.15
Lx M xf  0.055  = 16.18kN.m/m
Ly=7.2 M yf  0.036
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Panel S3
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 M xs  0.087  = 17.35kN.m/m
Ly=6.00
M ys  0.047  = 9.37kN.m/m
Ly 2=12.96 kN.m/m
 1.75  M xf  0.065 
 *16.95 * 3.43 = 7.18kN.m/m
Lx M yf  0.036
Lx=3.43

Panel S4

Ly M xs  0.078  = 15.55kN.m/m
5.15 Ly  = 9.37kN.m/m
 1.50  M ys  0.047  2 = 11.77 kN.m/m
Lx  *16.95 * 3.43
M xf  0.059  = 7.18kN.m/m
M yf  0.036
Lx=3.43

5.2. Moment distribution and adjustment

Support moment
Panel S1 and S2 ,Ms = 38.44-33.27 = 5.17
ΔM s 5 .17
= =0 . 134<0 . 2⇒
M L 38 . 44 Consider the average
1
(38 . 44 +33 .27 )=35 . 86 kNm/m
3

M12 = 2
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Panel S1 and S3, Ms = 28.68- 17.35 = 11.33kNm/m

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 ΔM s 11. 33
= =0 . 395>0 . 2
M L 28 .68
Use normal moment distribution procedure

S1 S3
I/6 I/3.43

Relative k =1/6=0.167 1/3.43=0.292

DF 0.36 0.64
17.35
Ly
FEM -28.68 
4.0788 7.2512 Lx
24.60

The moment of panel S1 is decreased and increased for panel 3 during moment
distribution
Span moment adjustment
No adjustment for panel S3 because the moment of S3 increased from 17.35 to 24.60
For panel S1
M adjusted = Mo +Ci M
M = 28.68-24.60 = 4.08
Mxf = Cx*M
Mxf = 0.338*4.08 = 1.38
Myf = Cy*M
Myf = 0.172*4.08= 0.70
Adjusted moment for panel 1
Mxf = 28.68+1.38= 30.06
Myf = 21.98+ 0.70 = 22.68
Support moment
Panel S2 and S4
Ms = 21.13– 15.55 = 5.58
ΔM s 5. 58
= =0 . 26>0 . 2
M L 21 .13

Using moment distribution:

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 I/5.15 I/3.43

Relative k =1 1.5

DF 0.4 0.6 Ly
FEM -21.13 15.55 
2.232 3.348 Lx
18.9

Span moment adjustment

No adjustment for panel S4 because the moment of S4 increased from 15.55 to 18.9
For panel S2
M adjusted = Mo +Ci M
M = 21.13-18.9 = 2.23
Mxf = Cx*M
Mxf = 0.315*2.23 = 0.70
Myf = Cy*M
Myf = 0.110*2.23 = 0.25
Mxf = 24.73 + 0.7= 25.43
Myf = 16.18 + 0.25 = 16.43
Balanced and adjusted design moments

Msd = 35.86kNm/m =35.86*106kNmm/m

𝜇𝑠𝑑∗ = 0.295
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𝜇𝑠𝑑∗ =𝑀𝑠𝑑/𝑓𝑐𝑑𝑏𝑑2
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 √ Msd
d = μ sd∗fcdb

√35 .86∗106
= 0. 295∗11.33∗1000 = 103.58mm 110mm
D = d + cc +0.5long= 110 +30+ 0.5 (12) = 146mm D used (160mm) ------------Ok!
Use D= 160mm
6. Design of main reinforcement for flexure
 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚/𝑓𝑦𝑘)*𝑏𝑡*𝑑 but not less than 0.0013btd 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑡= 1000mm
d=dx =124mm  Ref section 9.2: ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (0.26*2.2/400)*1000*124 = 177.32mm2 /m
As, max = 0.04Ac = 0.04*1000*160= 6400 mm2 /m
 Design of support and span Reinforcement
Support moment in short direction
Msd = 24.60kNm/m
μ𝑠𝑑 =𝑀𝑠𝑑/𝑓𝑐𝑑𝑏𝑑2 = 24.60∗106𝑁𝑚𝑚 = 0.141
11.33∗1000∗1242
Assuming 0% moment redistribution
𝜇𝑠𝑑  𝜇𝑠𝑑,lim = 0.295 compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm, Z = d/2 [1+sqrt (1-2 μ)] = 124/2 [1+sqrt (1-2 *0.141)] = 114.54mm  0.95d
=0.95*124= 117.8mm ok
As =Msd/𝑍𝑓𝑦𝑑 =24.60 *10 𝑁𝑚m/114.54*347.83 = 617.46𝑚𝑚2/m 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛
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=177.32mm2 /m
Spacing, S = as*b/As = *122/4*1000 = 183.165mm
617.46𝑚𝑚2

S  Smax =3h  400mm =3*160  400mm

= 480mm  400mm

Provide 12 c/c 180 mm top (As prov = as*b/s =*62*1000/180 = 628mm2/m)
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8. Flexural Reinforcement detailing
Bottom reinforcement (field or span) in short direction
For S1 __S2  Md by taking Mmax= Msd =30.06kN.m/m
12 c/c 110 mm
S2 __S4  Msd=25.43kN.m/m
12 c/c 110 mm

S1 __S3  Msd=30.06kN.m/m
12c/c 110 mm

S3 __S4  Msd=12.96kN.m/m

12c/c 160mm
Support reinforcement (top at L/3)
Between S1 & S3 Msd=24.60 kN.m/m
12 c/c 120mm

B/n S1 & S2 Msd =35.86 kN.m/m

12 c/c 100mm

B/n S2 & S4 Msd=18.9 kN.m/m

12 c/c 140mm
B/n S3 & S4 Msd=9.37 kN.m/m
12c/c 190mm
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 Plan

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For edge strip use 8 c/c 400mm (in the strip of lx/8 or ly/8)
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8. Check shear
Shear forces in the slab

Vi = vi PdLx 
{V x=βv xPd Lx ¿ ¿¿¿
Where Lx = 0.75 L
vi is obtained from Table A-3 (shear force coefficient) for each panel.
S-3
For Ly/Lx =1.7
vx_ continuous = Ly/Lx vx
1.5 0.54
1.7 vx
1.75 0.57
vx - 0.54 = 1.7 -1.5  vx -cont = 1.7 -1.5 ( 0.57-0.54) +0.54 =0.56
0.57-0.54 1.75- 1.5 1.75- 1.5
vx_dis continuous= Ly/Lx vx
1.5 0.35
1.7 vx
1.75 0.38
vx - 0.35 = 1.7 -1.5  vx- disc = 1.7 -1.5 ( 0.38-0.35) +0.35 =0.37
0.38-0.35 1.75- 1.5 1.75- 1.5

S-4
For Ly/Lx=1.6
vx_ continuous= Ly/Lx vx
1.5 0.54
1.6 vx
1.75 0.57
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vx - 0.54 = 1.6 -1.5  vx -cont = 1.6 -1.5 ( 0.57-0.54) +0.54
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=0.55
0.57-0.54 1.75- 1.5 1.75- 1.5
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vx_ discontinuous= Ly/Lx vx
1.5 0.35
1.7 vx
1.75 0.38
vx - 0.35 = 1.6 -1.5  vx- disc = 1.6 -1.5 ( 0.38-0.35) +0.35) =0.36
0.38-0.35 1.75- 1.5 1.75- 1.5

Design shear resistance of the slab

Maximum Design shear force VEd = 47.8kN
𝑉𝑅𝑑,c=[𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐.𝐾.(100𝜌1.𝑓𝑐𝑘)1/3+ 𝐾1𝜎𝑐𝑝]𝑏𝑤.𝑑 > (𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛+𝐾1.𝜎𝑐𝑝)𝑏𝑤.𝑑
𝐶𝑅𝑑,c= 0.18/𝛾𝑐 = 0.18/1.5 = 0.12
𝐾=1+ sqrt(200/𝑑) ≤ 2.0 𝑑 = 124mm
K= 2.27 ≤ 2.0 not take K= 2
𝜌1 =𝐴𝑠/𝑏𝑤𝑑  0.02
𝜌 = 617.46/1000*124 = 0.00498  0.02 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 2∅12
𝑓𝑐𝑘=20 𝑀𝑝𝑎
K1= 0.15
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𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 𝑁𝐸𝐷/𝐴𝑐 < 0.2𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 0……… (𝑁𝐸𝐷 = 0)

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𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035.𝐾3/2*𝑓𝑐𝑘1/2 = 0.035*23/2*sqrt(20) = 0.443

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𝑉𝑅𝑑, c= [𝐶𝑅𝑑,.𝐾.(100𝜌1.𝑓𝑐𝑘)1/3+ 𝐾1𝜎𝑐𝑝]𝑏𝑤.𝑑 > (𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛+𝐾1.𝜎𝑐𝑝)𝑏𝑤.𝑑
= 0.12*2(100*0.00498*20)1/3 +0.15*0)1000*124 *10-3 (0.443+0.15*0)1000*124 *10-3
= 64kN 54.932kN ok
𝑉𝑅𝑑, c = 64kN VEd =36.66kN  the design is safe against shear

Load transferred to beam on axis B

The load is transferred from both direction by multiplying shear force computed in the
table above 0.75Vx or Vy

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