SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1346

1346 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 12

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Mark (3) against the correct answer in each of the following:

1. If A and B are mutually exclusive events such that P( A) = 0.4, P( B) = x and

P( A È B) = 0.5, then x = ?
4
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.1 (c) (d) none of these
5
2. If A and B are independent events such that P( A) = 0.4, P( B) = x and
P( A È B) = 0.5 , then x = ?
4 1
(a) (b) 0.1 (c) (d) none of these
5 6
3. If P( A) = 0. 8, P( B) = 0.5 and P( B/A) = 0.4, then P( A/B) = ?
(a) 0.32 (b) 0.64 (c) 0.16 (d) 0.25
6 5 7
4. If P( A) = , P( B) = and P( A È B) = , then P( A/B) = ?
11 11 11
5 5 6 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 7 7 5
1 7 1
5. If A and B are events such that P( A) = , P( B) = and P( A ¢ È B ¢) = ,
2 12 4
then A and B are
(a) independent (b) mutually exclusive
(c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ (d) none of these
3
6. It is given that the probability that A can solve a given problem is and
5
2
the probability that B can solve the same problem is × The probability
3
that at least one of A and B can solve a problem is
2 1 13 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 15 15 15
1 1 1
7. The probabilities of A , B and C of solving a problem are , and
6 5 3
respectively. What is the probability that the problem is solved?
4 5 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
9 9 3
8. A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots, B can hit 3 times in 4 shots, and C can
hit 2 times in 3 shots. The probability that B and C hit and A does not hit is
1 2
(a) (b)
10 5
7
(c) (d) none of these
12
 SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1347

Binomial Distribution 1347

9. A machine operates only when all of its three components function. The
probabilities of the failures of the first, second and third component are
0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 respectively. What is the probability that the machine
will fail?
(a) 0.70 (b) 0.72 (c) 0.07 (d) none of these
10. A die is rolled. If the outcome is an odd number, what is the probability
that it is prime?
2 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
3 4 12
11. If A and B are events such that P( A) = 0. 3 , P( B) = 0.2 and P( A Ç B) = 01
. ,
then P( A Ç B) = ?
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.5
1 1 1
12. If P( A) = , P( B) = and P( A Ç B) = , then P( B /A ) = ?
4 3 5
11 11 23 37
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 45 60 45
13. If A and B are events such that P( A) = 0.4, P( B) = 0.8 and P( B/A) = 0.6, then
P( A/B) = ?
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.5
14. If A and B are independent events, then P( A / B ) = ?
(a) 1 - P( A) (b) 1 - P( B) (c) 1 - P( A/ B ) (d) -P( A /B)
5 1
15. If A and B are two events such that P( A È B) = , P( A Ç B) = and
6 3
1
P( B ) = , then the events A and B are
2
(a) independent (b) dependent
(c) mutually exclusive (d) none of these
16. A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed
to be 7. What is the conditional probability that the number 2 has
appeared at least once?
1 1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 7 5
17. Two numbers are selected at random from integers 1 through 9. If the sum
is even, what is the probability that both numbers are odd?
1 2 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 9 8
18. In a class, 60% of the students read mathematics, 25% biology and 15% both
mathematics and biology. One student is selected at random. What is the
probability that he reads mathematics, if it is known that he reads biology?
2 3 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 8 8
 SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1348

1348 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 12

19. A couple has 2 children. What is the probability that both are boys, if it is
known that one of them is a boy?
1 2 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 4 4
20. An unbiased die is tossed twice. What is the probability of getting a 4, 5 or
6 on the first toss and a 1, 2, 3 or 4 on the second toss?
1 2 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 4 6
21. A fair coin is tossed 6 times. What is the probability of getting at least
3 heads?
11 21 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 32 18 64
22. A coin is tossed 5 times. What is the probability that tail appears an odd
number of times?
3 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 15 2 3
23. A coin is tossed 5 times. What is the probability that head appears an even
number of times?
2 3 4 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 15 2
24. 8 coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting 6 heads is
7 57 37 249
(a) (b) (c) (d)
64 64 256 256
25. A die is thrown 5 times. If getting an odd number is a success, then what is
the probability of getting at least 4 successes?
4 7 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 16 16 20
26. In 4 throws of a pair of dice, what is the probability of throwing doublets
at least twice?
7 17 19
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
36 144 144
27. A pair of dice is thrown 7 times. If getting a total of 7 is considered a
success, what is the probability of getting at most 6 successes?
7 7
æ5 ö æ1ö æ 1ö
(a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷ (c) ç1 - 7 ÷ (d) none of these
è 6ø è 6ø è 6 ø
3
28. The probability that a man can hit a target is × He tries five times. What is
4
the probability that he will hit the target at least 3 times?
459 291 371
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
512 364 464
 SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1349

Binomial Distribution 1349

1
29. The probability of the safe arrival of one ship out of 5 is × What is the
5
probability of the safe arrival of at least 3 ships?
1 3 181 184
(a) (b) (c) (d)
31 52 3125 3125
30. The probability that an event E occurs in one trial is 0.4. Three independent
trials of the experiment are performed. What is the probability that E
occurs at least once?
(a) 0.784 (b) 0.936 (c) 0.964 (d) none of these

ANSWERS (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8 (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (a)

HINTS TO THE GIVEN OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. We have A Ç B = f Þ P( A Ç B) = 0.
\ P( A È B) = P( A ) + P( B) Þ 0 . 5 = 0.4 + x Þ x = 0.1.
2. We have P( A Ç B) = P( A ) ´ P( B) = 0.4 ´ x.
\ P( A È B) = P( A ) + P( B) - P( A Ç B)
1
Þ 0 . 5 = 0.4 + x - 0.4 x Þ 0.6 x = 0.1 Þ x = ×
6
P( B Ç A ) P( A Ç B)
3. P( B/ A ) = = ×
P( A ) P( A )
Þ P( A Ç B) = P( B/ A ) × P( A ) = ( 0.4 ´ 0.8 ) = 0. 32.
P( A Ç B) 0. 32
Þ P( A/ B) = = = 0.64.
P( B) 0 .5
4. P( A È B) = P( A ) + P( B) - P( A Ç B).
æ 6 5 7 ö 4
Þ P( A Ç B) = ç + - ÷= ×
è 11 11 11 ø 11
P( A Ç B) ( 4 11 ) 4
Þ P( A/ B) = = 5 = = 0.8.
P( B) ( 11 ) 5
1 æ 1ö 3
5. P{( A Ç B)¢} = Þ P( A Ç B) = ç 1 - ÷ = ×
4 è 4ø 4
Since P( A Ç B) ¹ 0 , so A and B are not mutually exclusive.
æ1 7 ö 7
P( A ) ´ P( B) = ç ´ ÷ = ¹ P( A Ç B).
è 2 12 ø 24
Þ A and B are not independent.
 SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1350

1350 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 12

6. Let E1 be the event that A can solve the problem and E2 be the event that B can solve
the problem. Then, E1 and E2 are independent.
æ3 2ö 2
\ P( E1 Ç E2 ) = P( E1 ) ´ P( E2 ) = ç ´ ÷ = ×
è5 3ø 5
æ 3 2 2 ö 13
\ P( E1 È E2 ) = P( E1 ) + P( E2 ) - P( E1 Ç E2 ) = ç + - ÷ = ×
è5 3 5 ø 15
æ 1ö 5 æ 1ö 4 æ 1ö 2
7. P( A ¢ ) = ç 1 - ÷ = , P( B¢ ) = ç 1 - ÷ = and P(C ¢ ) = ç 1 - ÷ = ×
è 6ø 6 è 5ø 5 è 3ø 3
P(that the problem is not solved) = P( A ¢ and B¢and C ¢)
æ5 4 2 ö 4
= P( A ¢) ´ P( B¢) ´ P(C ¢) = ç ´ ´ ÷ = ×
è6 5 3ø 9
æ 4ö 5
P(that the problem is solved) = ç 1 - ÷ = ×
è 9ø 9
8. Let E1 , E2 and E3 be the events that A , B and C can hit respectively.
4 3 2
Then, P( E1 ) = , P( E2 ) = and P( E3 ) = ×
5 4 3
Required probability = P( E2 and E3 but not E1 ) = P( E2 ) ´ P( E3 ) ´ P( E1¢ )
ì3 2 æ 4 öü æ 1 1 ö 1
= í ´ ´ ç 1 - ÷ý = ç ´ ÷ = ×
î4 3 è 5 ø þ è 2 5 ø 10
9. Let E1 , E2 and E3 be the events that the 1st, 2nd and 3rd component function. Then,
P( E1 ) = ( 1 - 0.2 ) = 0.8 , P( E2 ) = ( 1 - 0. 3 ) = 0.7 and P( E3 ) = ( 1 - 0.5 ) = 0.5.
P(machine fails) = 1 - P(machine functions)
= 1 - P( E1 , E2 and E3 ) = 1 - {P( E1 ) ´ P( E2 ) ´ P( E3 )}
= 1 - ( 0.8 ´ 0.7 ´ 0.5 ) = ( 1 - 0.280 ) = 0.72.
10. Here S = {1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6}.
Let A = {1, 3 , 5}, B = {2 , 3 , 5}. Then, A Ç B = { 3 , 5}.
3 1 3 1 2 1
\ P( A ) = = , P( B) = = and P( A Ç B) = = ×
6 2 6 2 6 3
P( A Ç B) ( 1 3 ) 2
\ P( B/ A ) = = 1 = ×
P( A ) ( 2) 3
11. B = ( A È A ) Ç B = ( A Ç B) È ( A Ç B)
Þ P( B) = P( A Ç B) + P( A Ç B)
Þ P( A Ç B) = P( B) - P( A Ç B) = ( 0.2 - 0.1) = 0.1.
æ 1 1 1 ö 23
12. P( A È B) = P( A ) + P( B) - P( A Ç B) = ç + - ÷ = ×
è 4 3 5 ø 60
æ 23 ö 37
\ P( A Ç B ) = P( A È B) = 1 - P( A È B) = ç 1 - ÷= ×
è 60 ø 60
P( A Ç B ) æ 37 4 ö 37
P( B/ A ) = =ç ´ ÷= ×
P( A ) è 60 3 ø 45
 SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1351

Binomial Distribution 1351

P( A Ç B)
13. P( B/ A ) = Þ P( A Ç B) = 0.6 ´ 0.4 = 0.24.
P( A )
P( A Ç B) 0.24 24 3
\ P( A/ B) = = = = = 0. 3.
P( B) 0.8 80 10
P( A Ç B ) P( A ) × P( B )
14. P( A / B ) = = = P( A ) = 1 - P( A ).
P( B ) P( B )
æ 1ö 1
15. P( B) = 1 - P( B ) = ç 1 - ÷ = ×
è 2ø 2
2
P( A È B) = P( A ) + P( B) - P( A Ç B) Þ P( A ) =
3
æ 2 1ö 1
P( A ) × P( B) = ç ´ ÷ = = P( A Ç B).
è 3 2ø 3
16. Let A = {( 1, 6 ), ( 2 , 5 ), ( 3 , 4 ), ( 4 , 3 ), (5 , 2 ), ( 6 , 1)}
and B = {( 1, 2 ), ( 2 , 1), ( 2 , 2 ), ( 3 , 2 ), ( 2 , 3 ), ( 4 , 2 ), ( 2 , 4 ), (5 , 2 ), ( 2 , 5 ), ( 6 , 2 ), ( 2 , 6 )}
\ A Ç B = {( 2 , 5 ), (5 , 2 )}
n( A Ç B) 2 1
P( B/ A ) = = = ×
n( A ) 6 3
17. Out of given 9 numbers, 4 are even and 5 odd.
Let A = event of choosing odd number and B be the event of getting the sum even.
n( B) = ( 4 C 2 + 5C 2 ) = 16 and n( A Ç B) = 5C 2 = 10.
n( A Ç B) 10 5
\ P( A/ B) = = = ×
n( B) 16 8
18. Let A = event of reading mathematics and B of reading biology.
60 3 25 1 15 3
P( A ) = = , P( B) = = and P( A Ç B) = = ×
100 5 100 4 100 20
P( A Ç B) æ 3 4 ö 3
\ P( A/ B) = =ç ´ ÷= ×
P( B) è 20 1 ø 5
19. Let S = {B1 B2 , B1G 2 , G1 B2 , G1G 2}.
Let A = event that both are boys and B = event that one of the two is a boy.
Then, A = {B1 B2}, B = {B1 B2 , B1G 2 , G1 B2} and A Ç B = {B1 B2}.
n( A Ç B) 1
\ P( A/ B) = = ×
n( B) 3
20. Here S = {1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6}. Let A = {4 , 5 , 6} and B = {1, 2 , 3 , 4}.
3 1 4 2
\ P( A ) = = and P( B) = = ×
6 2 6 3
Clearly, A and B are independent events.
æ1 2ö 1
\ P( A Ç B) = P( A ) ´ P( B) = ç ´ ÷ = ×
è2 3ø 3
1 1
21. In a single throw, we have P( H ) = and P( not H ) = ×
2 2
1 1
\ p = , q = and n = 6.
2 2
 SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1352

1352 Senior Secondary School Mathematics for Class 12

Required probability = P(3 heads or 4 heads or 5 heads or 6 heads)

3 3 4 2 5 6
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 6C 3 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 6C 4 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 6C 5 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 6C 6 × ç ÷
è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø
æ 1 1 1 1 ö 42 21
= ç 20 ´ + 15 ´ + 6´ + ÷= = ×
è 64 64 64 64 ø 64 32
1 1
22. In a single throw, we have P( T ) = and P(not T ) = ×
2 2
1 1
\ p= , q = and n = 5.
2 2
Required probability = P(X = 1) or P(X = 3 ) or P(X = 5 )
= P(X = 1) + P(X = 3 ) + P(X = 5 )
1 4 3 2 5
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 5C 1 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 3 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 5 × ç ÷
è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø
æ 5 10 1 ö 16 1
=ç + + ÷= = ×
è 32 32 32 ø 32 2
1 1
23. In a single throw, we have P( H ) = and P(not H ) = ×
2 2
1 1
\ p= , q = and n = 5.
2 2
Required probability = P(X = 0 ) or P(X = 2 ) or P(X = 4 )
= P(X = 0 ) + P(X = 2 ) + P(X = 4 )
0 5 2 3 4 1
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 5C 0 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 2 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 4 × ç ÷ × ç ÷
è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø
æ 1 10 5 ö 16 1
=ç + + ÷= = ×
è 32 32 32 ø 32 2
1 1
24. In a single throw, we have P( H ) = and P(not H ) = ×
2 2
1 1
\ p= , q = and n = 8.
2 2
Required probability = P( 6 heads or 7 heads or 8 heads)
= P(6 heads) + P(7 heads) + P(8 heads)
6 2 7 1 8
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 8C 6 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 8C 7 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 8C 8 × ç ÷
è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø è2ø
æ 28 8 1 ö 37
=ç + + ÷= ×
è 256 256 256 ø 256
3 1
25. In a single throw of a die, P(getting an odd number) = = ×
6 2
1 1
\ p= , q = ( 1 - p ) = and n = 5.
2 2
Required probability = P(4 successes or 5 successes)
4 1 5
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 5 1 ö 6 3
= 5C 4 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 5 × ç ÷ = ç + ÷= = ×
è2ø è2ø è2ø è 32 32 ø 32 16
 SSS Mathematics for Class 12 1353

Binomial Distribution 1353

26. In a single throw of a pair of dice, we have

n( S) = ( 6 ´ 6 ) = 36.
Let E = {( 1, 1), ( 2 , 2 ), ( 3 , 3 ), ( 4 , 4 ), (5 , 5 ), ( 6 , 6 )}.
n( E ) 6 1 æ 1ö 5
Then, P( E) = = = , P (not E) = ç 1 - ÷ = ×
n( S) 36 6 è 6ø 6
1 5
\ p= , q = and n = 4.
6 6
Required probability = P( 2 or 3 or 4 successes)
2 2 3 4
æ 1ö æ5 ö æ 1ö æ5 ö æ 1ö
= 4C 2 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 4C 3 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 4C 4 × ç ÷
è6ø è6ø è6ø è6ø è6ø
æ 25 5 1 ö 171 19
=ç + + ÷= = ×
è 216 324 1296 ø 1296 144
27. In a single throw of a pair of dice, we have
n( S) = ( 6 ´ 6 ) = 36.
Let E = {( 1, 6 ), ( 6 , 1), ( 2 , 5 ), (5 , 2 ), ( 3 , 4 ), ( 4 , 3 )}
6 1 æ 1ö 5
\ p= = , q = ç 1 - ÷ = and n = 7.
36 6 è 6ø 6
7 7
æ 1ö æ 1ö
P(7 successes) = 7C 7 × ç ÷ = ç ÷ ×
è6ø è6ø
7
æ 1ö æ 1 ö
P(at most 6 successes) = 1 - P(7 successes) = 1 - ç ÷ = ç 1 - 7 ÷ ×
è6ø è 6 ø
3 æ 3ö 1
28. Here p = , q = ç 1 - ÷ = and n = 5.
4 è 4ø 4
P(3 or 4 or 5 successes) = P(3 successes) + P(4 successes) + P(5 successes)
3 2 4 5
æ 3ö æ 1ö æ 3ö 1 æ 3ö
= 5C 3 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 4 × ç ÷ × + 5C 5 × ç ÷
è 4ø è4ø è4ø 4 è4ø
æ 135 405 243 ö 918 459
=ç + + ÷= = ×
è 512 1024 1024 ø 1024 512
1 æ 1ö 4
29. Here p = , q = ç 1 - ÷ = and n = 5.
5 è 5ø 5
\ P(3 or 4 or 5 successes) = P(3 successes) + P(4 successes) + P(5 successes)
3 2 4 1 5
æ 1ö æ 4 ö æ 1ö æ 4 ö æ 1ö
= 5C 3 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 4 × ç ÷ × ç ÷ + 5C 5 × ç ÷
è5 ø è 5 ø è5 ø è 5 ø è5 ø
æ 32 4 1 ö 181
=ç + + ÷= ×
è 625 625 3125 ø 3125
30. p = 0.4 , q = ( 1 - 0.4 ) = 0.6 and n = 3.
Required probability = P( E occuring at least once)
= 3C 1 × ( 0.4 )1 ´ ( 0.6 ) 2 + 3C 2 × ( 0.4 ) 2 ´ ( 0.6 )1 + 3C 3 × ( 0.4 ) 3
æ 54 36 8 ö 98
=ç + + ÷= = 0.784.
è 125 125 125 ø 125