Intro to Philo –

n d s t
Quarterly Assessment Reviewer
2 Quarter (1 Semester)

TOPIC: Freedom of the Human Person TOPIC: Intersubjectivity

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

FREEDOM: INTERSUBJECTIVITY:
➢ Intrinsic and essential property ➢ Inter: Among and between
➢ Human is born with freedom ➢ Subject: conscious being
➢ Sets us apart from other beings ➢ sharing of subjective states by two or
➢ Has the ability to decide and create something for more individuals
yourself
➢ Requires a degree of control from the person that “As a person, we have a personal regard to self but we
exercises it cannot deny the fact that we live with others so we also
➢ To lose control: diminishes human freedom and regard them as part of ourselves.”
dehumanizes the person

1. TYPES: “I-THOU” RELATION (ICH-DU)

1. Physical Freedom: absence of any restraint ➢ the relationship between two human individuals
o Freedom to go anywhere he or she who recognize each other as persons
wanted to do
2. Psychological Freedom: freedom of choice WHAT CHARACTERIZES A GENUINE HUMAN
o To act or not to act on what people INTERACTION?
consider to be right or wise
3. Moral Freedom: upholds human dignity and ➢ Dialogue: person’s words, expressions, and body
goodness language become the means to express a part of
himself or herself to another person.
HUMAN ACTIONS vs ACTS OF MAN
Human Actions Acts of Man ASPECTS OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY
The appropriate actions of Acts that humans do, 1. EMPATHY
human beings performed by animals too o ability to share emotions
Loving people, charity Actions shared by humans o enables us to experience another
and animals person’s emotions

2 ELEMENTS THAT DEFINE FREEDOM: 2. AVAILABILITY

o willingness of a person to be present
1. VOLUNTARINESS:
➢ To act out his/her own will and self- 3. ETHICS OF CARE
determination o obligation to respond to the needs of
other people
Aristotle definition:
o Voluntary: performing the act using ALEINATION: pessimistic view considers human
knowledge about the situations of the act relationships frustrating and often inauthentic or deceptive.
o Related to Compulsion: as mixed of
voluntary and involuntary PEOPLE WHO HAVE SUCCESSFULLY RISEN ABOVE
o Involuntary acts done under: THEIR PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS:
▪ Force or coercion: beyond 1. Hellen Keller: American author, activist, the first
control deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor’s degree
▪ Ignorance of particular 2. Nicholas James “Nick” Vujicic: Australian
circumstances evangelist and motivational speaker born with
phocomelia (no arms or legs)
2. RESPONSIBILITY: 3. Roselle Ambubuyog: first visually-impaired
➢ Being accountable for his/her actions and Filipino to graduate summa cum laude from Ateneo
their consequences de Manila University in 2001

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Intro to Philo –
n d s t
Quarterly Assessment Reviewer
2 Quarter (1 Semester)

TOPIC: Human Person as Oriented

towards their Impending Death
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

DEATH:
➢ the end of a person’s life
➢ separation of the body and the spirit

DEMOCRITUS:
o Materialist
o There is no meaning to what we are
doing apart from what we are doing now
o the body will one day disintegrate in thin
air

HINDU:
o the meaning of your life follows the law of
Karma
o your soul will be reincarnated into a
different form – depending on what you
did in your previous life

CATHOLIC CHURCH:
o the meaning of life lies in our resurrection
from the dead
o believe that there is life after death, and
that the soul is immortal
o Whatever you sow in your earthly life, you
will reap in heaven.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL NOTION OF DEATH

➢ According to Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) in his
book Being and Time, death is:
o Certain: cannot be removed from our
existence
o Indefinite: can happen anytime
o One’s property: no proxies or
substitutes for a person in experiencing
death
o Non-relational: when we die, we die
alone
o Not to be outstripped: cannot be taken
away from a person

WHAT IS THE END OF THIS LIFE?

• Terminus: full stop or end of a line
- life ends and nothing follows

• Telos: goal, purpose, or fulfilment

death is not the goal of life.

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