a.
Computers- machines that use electronic
components and instructions to the
components to perform calculations,
repetitive and complex procedures, process
text, and manipulate data and signals.
b. Data- discrete entities objectively
described, without interpretation or
context.
c. Electronic Health Records (EHR)- real-
time, patient-centered records
that make information available instantly and
securely to authorized users.
d. Healthcare Information Technology (HIT)-
HIT is an all-encompassing term referring to
technology that captures, processes, and
generates healthcare information.
e. Healthcare informatics- It is the
combination of computer science, healthcare
science, information science and cognitive
science.
f. Informatics- An application of computer
science and information science to the
management and processing of data,
information, and knowledge in the named
discipline.
g. Information- data processed into a
structured form; interpreted, organized,
structured and given meaning
h. Knowledge- synthesized information
derived from the interpretation of data;
provides a logical basis for making decisions
essential to decision- making and to new
discoveries.
i. Medical informatics- It is the application of
computers, communications & information
technology & systems to all fields of medicine
– medical care, medical education and
medical research.
MAJOR TYPES OF COMPUTER
IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION
1. The healthcare of our clients largely
depends on information
2. The science of type of care
3. Patients or clients individual card
4. Healthcare provider
5. Outcomes of treatment/ Care measure
6. Process and systems for delivery of
care
5 RIGHTS OF INFORMATION
PERSON
AMOUNT
TIME
INFORMATION
PLACE
FRAMEWORK OF NURSING
INFORMATION
DATA
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
APPLICATION OF NURSING INFORMATICS
Nursing clinical practice
Nursing education
Nursing research
Nursing Administration (HEALTH CARE
INFORMATION SYSTEM)
NURSING INFORMATICS
● A subset of healthcare informatics.
● collaboratively with other healthcare
professionals and independently when
engaged in clinical and administrative
nursing practice.
● 1985, Kathryn Hannah - nursing
informatics is the use of information
technologies in relation to any nursing
functions and actions of nurses
● 1989, Graves and Corcoran - Nursing
informatics is a combination of
computer science, information
science, and nursing science
designed to assist in the management
and processing of nursing data,
SUPERCOMPUTERS
● first developed by SEYMOUR CRAY
● 1972
● “number cruncher”
● Designed primarily for analysis of
scientific and engineering problems
and for tasks requiring millions or
billions of computational operations
and calculations
● used primarily in such work as
defense and weaponry, weather
forecasting, advanced engineering
and physics
MAINFRAMES
● The most common fast, large, and
expensive type is used in large
businesses for processing, storing,
and retrieving data.
● multiuser central computer that meets
the computing needs of large- and
medium-sized public and private
organizations.
● They may have the electronic
medical record (EMR)
MICROCOMPUTERS (personal computer or
PC)
● Single user
● In , they are used for an increasing
number of independent applications
as well as serving as an intelligent link
to the programs of the mainframe.
● The case is most typically connected
via wire or wireless technology to a
keyboard, monitor, mouse, and
printer.
HANDHELD COMPUTER
● small, special function computers,
although a few “full function” handheld
computers were introduced in the late
1990s.
● More popular are the palm-sized
computers, including personal digital
assistants (PDAs)
● A RISC processor is a “Reduced
Instruction Set Computer,” which
means it is a special purpose
information, and knowledge to support
the practice of nursing and the
delivery of nursing care
● The ANA defined nursing informatics
as the specialty that integrates nursing
science, computer science, and
information science in identifying,
collecting, processing, and managing
data and information to support
nursing practice, administration,
education, research, and the
expansion of nursing knowledge
(American Nurses Association, 1994).
● 1995 with ANA’s publication of the
Standards of Nursing Informatics
Practice (American Nurses
Association, 1995).
● 2000, the ANA convened an expert
panel to review and revise the scope
and standards of informatics
practice.
● 2008 Nursing Informatics: Scope and
Standards of Practice to include
wisdom. Nursing informatics (NI) is a
specialty that integrates nursing
science, computer science, and
information science to manage and
communicate data, information,
knowledge, and wisdom in nursing
practice. NI supports consumers,
patients, nurses, and other providers
in their decision-making in all roles
and settings. This support is
accomplished through the use of
information structures, information
processes, and information
technology.
● 2014 - Second edition of Nursing
Informatics practice was published.
NURSING INFORMATICS AS A SPECIALTY
● specialty include differentiated
practice, a well- derived knowledge
base, a defined research program,
organizational representation,
educational programs, and a
credentialing mechanism.
● 1992- ANA recognized nursing
informatics as a specialty in nursing
 processor.
● 1993 - Research programs in NI are
guided by the research priorities set
by National Institute for Nursing
Research (NINR)
● Using data, information, and
knowledge to deliver and manage
care.
● Defining and describing data and
information for patient care.
● acquiring and delivering knowledge
from and for patient care
● Investigating new technologies to
create tools for patient care
● Applying patient care ergonomics to
the patient-nurse machine interaction
● Integrating systems for better patient
care;and evaluating the effects of
nursing informatics solution.
● Nursing informatics I'd part of the
clinical section of the Healthcare
Information and Management System
Society (HIMMS)
● In 1989, the University of Maryland
established the first graduate program
in nursing informatics.
● 1995- establishment of a certification
process by American Credential
Center (ANCC)
● Early 1960s- was introduced into
healthcare facilities for the processing
of basic administrative tasks.
● The revolution in healthcare began
and led to today’s healthcare
information technology (HIT) and/or
electronic health record (EHR)
systems.
Computerization and/or electronic processing
affect all aspects of healthcare delivery
including
(a) provision and documentation of care
(b) education of healthcare providers
(c) scientific research for advancing
healthcare delivery
(d) administration of healthcare delivery
services
(e) reimbursement for care
(f) legal and ethical implications
(g) safety and quality issues
with a distinct body of knowledge.
● Visible to Invisible
● Today, computer in nursing are used
to manage care information, monitor
quality, and evaluate outcomes.
● Computer and networks are also
being used for communicating data
and messages via the Internet,
accessing resources, and interacting
with on the Web.
● Computer are also used to document
and process real-time plans of care,
support nursing research, test new
systems, design new knowledge
databases, develop data warehouses,
and advance the role of nursing
healthcare industry and nursing
science.
Elements of Nursing Informatics:
1. Computerized order entry-COE
2. Electronic health record-EHR
3. Patient decision tools
4. Laboratory and x-ray results
5. Electronic prescribing and order entry
including barcoding
6. Community and population health
management and information
7. Communication, staffing, and
administrative systems
8. Evidenced-based knowledge and
information retrieval systems
9. Quality improvement data collection/data
summary systems
10. Documentation and care planning
11. Patient monitoring and problem alerts
Benefits of Nursing Informatics in the Health
Care Industry:
1. Automatic billing for supplies or procedures
with nursing documentation.
2. Computer-generated documentation
3. Automated staff scheduling
4. E-mail for improved communication
5. Computer-generated nursing care plans
and critical pathways
6. Cost analysis and finding trends for budget
purposes
 Benefits of Nursing Informatics In the
Healthcare Industry
1. Decision-support tools as well as alerts and
reminders notify the clinician of possible
concerns or omissions.
2. Effective data management and trend-
finding include the ability to provide historical
or current data reports.
3. Extensive financial information can be
collected and analyzed for trends. An
extremely important benefit in this era of
managed care and cost cutting.
4. Data related to treatment such as inpatient
length of stay and the lowest level of care
provider required can be used to decrease
costs.

Models for Nursing Informatics

● CORE PHENOMENA AND NURSING

INFORMATICS MODELS
- Transformation of data of information
to knowledge and to wisdom

● A clinical-information-system (CIS)
model
- Used to organize different concepts
into a logical whole
- Purpose - to stimulate and guide
systematic research in his discipline
- identifying significant information
needs, which in turn can foster
research.

● Graves and Corcoran Model

● Turley, 1996
● McGonigle and Mastrian (2012)