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 Section 23 —The consideration or object of an agreement is lawful,

 it is forbidden by law ; or

 is of such a nature that, if permitted, it would defeat the provisions

 is fraudulent ; or

 involves or implies, injury to the person or property of another; or

 the Court regards it as immoral, or opposed to public policy.


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1. Forbidden by law

 Violation of licenses and permits

 Nandlal v. Thomas J. William [171 IC 948]

 Violation of enactments

 SBI v. Aditya Finance &Leasing co. Pvt. Ltd. AIR(Use of residenti

commercial purpose)
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 2.Defeat any law

 Fateh Singh v. Sanwal Singh ILR (1875)

 Term “Law”

3.Fraudulent

 Ramnath Misra v. Rajendranath sanyal (1933) (Decree-holder promised n

4.Injurious to person or property

 Ramswarop bhagat v. Bansi madar ILR 1915


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