UCH 1825 Industrial Nanotechnology

Unit II Bionanotechnology
Therapeutic applications
 OBJECTIVES
• To elucidate on advantages of nanotechnology based applications in
each industry

• To provide instances of contemporary industrial applications of

nanotechnology

• To provide an overview of future technological advancements and

increasing role of nanotechnology in each industry
 UNIT II BIONANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanoparticles in bone substitutes and dentistry – Implants and
Prosthesis - Reconstructive Intervention and Surgery – Nanorobotics
in Surgery – Photodynamic Therapy - Nanosensors in Diagnosis–
Neuro-electronic Interfaces – Protein Engineering – Drug delivery –
Therapeutic applications
 Application of Nanotechnology in
Medicine

Diagnostic Therapeutic
- Delivering medication to the exact
- Imaging location
- Quantum dots - Killing of bacteria, viruses & cancer
cells
- Microscopic sampling - Repair of damaged tissues
- Detection of airway - Oxygen transport
abnormalities - Skin and dental care
- Augmentation of immune system
- Treatment of Atherosclerosis
- The clottocyte concept
- Brain enhancement
 Therapeutic Applications of
Nanotechnology in Medicine
• Nanoprobe can be made to generate radiation, that
could kill bacteria, viruses and cancer cells
• Nanoprobe comprising of a single caged actinium-
225 atom would detect (using antibodies) and enter
a cancerous cell
• Location and destruction of cancer cells by acoustic
signals
 Normal cells

Cancer cells

COMPARISON OF NORMAL AND CANCEROUS CELLS IN

RESPIRATORY AIRWAY OF THE LUNG
Cancer cell Lethal holes

A CYTOTOXIC T
CELL DESTROYING
A CANCER CELL

Cytotoxic T cell
Mechanical
drilling of a
small tumor
mass by a
nanorobot
 Therapeutic Applications of
Nanotechnology in Medicine
• Nanotechnology also theoretically allows the mimicking of
natural biological processes e.g., repair of damaged tissues
– Using nanotech to build scaffoldings of artificial
molecules that bone cells often adhere to and grow
bones on
– Broken bones would heal much faster.
• Transport of oxygen within the body by creating an
artificial red blood cell
A simulated view of a blood sample that might be taken from some future trauma patient
who has received approximately seven therapeutic respirocyte doses at an accident
scene. Each single respirocyte in the scene can control nearly the same amount of
available oxygen as all eight red cells present in the scene, combined.
 Therapeutic Applications of
Nanotechnology in Medicine
To cure skin diseases, a cream containing nanorobots may
be used it may:
- Remove the right amount of dead skin
- Remove excess oils
- Add missing oils
- Apply the right amounts of natural moisturising
compounds
- Achieve the elusive goal of 'deep pore cleaning' by
actually reaching down into pores and cleaning them
out.
 Therapeutic Applications of
Nanotechnology in Medicine
A mouthwash full of smart nanomachines could
identify and destroy pathogenic bacteria while
allowing the harmless flora of the mouth to
flourish in a healthy ecosystem
 Dental
Robots

Four remote-controlled nanorobots examine and clean the subocclusal surfaces of a patient's teeth, near
the gumline.
 Therapeutic Applications of
Nanotechnology in Medicine

Medical
nanodevices could
augment the
immune system by
finding and
disabling
unwanted bacteria
and viruses.
Virus Finder
 Therapeutic Applications of
Nanotechnology in Medicine

Devices working in the bloodstream could nibble

away at atherosclerotic deposits, widening the
affected blood vessels.

This would prevent most heart attacks

A NANOROBOT NIBBLING ON AN ATHEROSCLEROTIC DEPOSIT IN A BLOOD
VESSEL
DNA
Repair
 Therapeutic Applications of
Nanotechnology in Medicine
• Emergency Management:

– The clottocyte concept

– Clot-inducing medical nanorobots with fully-deployed
netting capable of embedding growing clot with red
cells and fibrin strands
CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS ARE SHOWN IN VARIOUS STAGES OF CLOT-NETTING DEPLOYMENT.
AN ARRAY OF NINE CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS ARE SHOWN
WITH THEIR CLOT-NETTING FULLY DEPLOYED AND INTERLACED.
MEDICAL NANOROBOTS WITH FULLY DEPLOYED NETTING ARE SHOWN
EMBEDDED IN A PATCHLIKE GROWING CLOT WITH RED CELLS AND FIBRIN
STRANDS INVOLVED.
CLOT-INDUCING MEDICAL NANOROBOTS WITH FULLY-DEPLOYED NETTING
ARE SHOWN EMBEDDED IN A PATCHLIKE GROWING CLOT WITH RED CELLS
AND FIBRIN STRANDS INVOLVED (A CLOSER LOOK)
A REAL LIFE PICTUER OF ERYTHROCYTES TRAPPED IN THE FIBRIN MESHWORK OF A CLOT
“Stinger"
nanorobot grabs
a sick T
lymphocyte and
injects a
glucocorticoid
desiganed to
induce cellular
apoptosis.
The blue, octopus-like nanobot is one of billions of brain cell enhancers.
The central sphere houses a computer, with a storehouse of information
equal to many large libraries
 Reference
• Neelina H. Malsch (Ed.), Biomedical Nanotechnology,
CRC Press (2005)