SCM

1) Supply chains have become more fast-paced, with companies of all sizes depending on
just-in-time inventory to reduce their overhead costs and get to market faster.
2) An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that
collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making
and control in an organization.
3) Senior management makes long-range strategic decisions about products and services as
well as ensures financial performance of the firm.
4) Middle management carries out the programs and plans of senior management, and
operational management is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business.
5) A transaction processing system is a computerized system that performs and records the
daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business, such as sales order entry, hotel
reservations, payroll, employee record keeping, and shipping.
6) Managers need TPS to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm’s relations
with the external environment.
7) TPS are also major producers of information for the other systems and business functions.
8) The term management information systems (MIS) also designates a specific category of
information systems serving middle
9) MIS summarize and report on the company’s basic operations using data supplied by
transaction processing systems.
10) Decision-support systems (DSS) focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing,
for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance.
11) These systems are employed by “super-user” managers and business analysts who want to
use sophisticated analytics and models to analyze data.
12) Executive support systems (ESS) help senior management make these decisions.
13) Enterprise applications help businesses become more flexible and productive by
coordinating their business processes more closely and integrating groups of processes so
they focus on efficient management of resources and customer service.
14) There are four major enterprise applications: enterprise systems, supply chain
management systems, customer relationship management systems, and knowledge
management systems.
15) Enterprise Systems Firms use enterprise systems, also known as enterprise resource
planning (ERP) systems, to integrate business processes in manufacturing and production,
finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software
system.
16) Firms use supply chain management (SCM) systems to help manage relationships with their
suppliers
17) Firms use customer relationship management (CRM) systems to help manage their
relationships with their customers.
18) Knowledge management systems (KMS) enable organizations to better manage processes
for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise.
 19) Intranets and extranets deserve mention here as alternative tools for increasing
integration and expediting the flow of information within the firm and withcustomers and
suppliers.
20) e-business, refers to the use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major
business processes in the enterprise.
21) E-commerce is the part of e-business that deals with the buying and selling of goods and
services over the Internet
22) E-government refers to the application of the Internet and networking technologies to
digitally enable government and public sector agencies’ relationships with citizens,
businesses, and other arms of government.
23) One recurring problem in supply chain management is the bullwhip effect,in which
information about the demand for a product gets distorted as it passes from one entity to
the next across the supply chain.
24) In a push-based model, production master schedules are based on forecasts or best
guesses of demand for products, and products are pushed to customers.
25) In a pull-based model, also known as a demand-driven or build-to-order model, actual
customer orders or purchases trigger events in the supply chain.
26) Knowledge residing in the minds of employees that has not been documented is called
tacit knowledge, whereas knowledge that has been documented is called explicit
knowledge.
27) Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems are general-purpose firmwide efforts to
collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge.
28) Knowledge work systems (KWS) are specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and
other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a
company.
29) There are at least three variations of Moore’s Law, none of which Moore ever stated: (1)
the power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months, (2) computing power doubles
every 18 months, and (3) the price of computing falls by half every 18 month.
30) Quantum computing uses the principles of quantum physics to represent data and perform
operations on these data