OP AMP EXAMPLES

1
COMPLEX FEEDBACK NETWORKS
(T-NETWORK)
Sometimes it is desirable to have a low resistance path to ground in the
feedback loop. Standard inverting op amps can not do this when the driving
circuit sets the input resistor value, and the gain specification sets the
feedback resistor value. Inserting a T network in the feedback loop as shown
in Figure below yields a degree of freedom that enables both specifications to
be met with a low dc resistance path in the feedback loop.

R2 R3

R4

R1

VIN
Vout

2
EXAMPLE
Specifications for the circuit you are required to build
are an inverting amplifier with an input resistance of
10 k (R1 = 10 k), a gain of 100, and a feedback
resistance of 20 K or less. R2

R1

VIN
Vout

The inverting op amp circuit can not meet these

specifications because R2 must equal 1000 k.
Inserting a T network with R2 = R4 = 10 k and R3 =
485 k approximately meets the specifications. 3
NON-INVERTING INTEGRATOR

4
THE GENERAL SUMMING AMPLIFIER
(INVERTING AND NONINVERTING)

5
NEGATIVE IMPEDANCE CONVERTERS

6
Some applications (e.g., oscillators, which we will
study) require the characteristic of negative resistance
(or impedance) to compensate for any undesirable
resistance (or impedance). The op-amp circuit shown
in above figure can be employed to obtain this
characteristic.

If Z is replaced by a resistance R, then Z = R. The

circuit will behave as a negative resistance, and above
equation becomes

The prove is as follows: 7

INDUCTANCE SIMULATORS

8
An op-amp circuit can be used to simulate the
characteristic of an inductor. Such an op-amp circuit is
shown in above figure. It consists of two op-amps. The
part of the circuit within the shaded area is identical to
the negative impedance converter.
Therefore, by choosing the values of R1, R2, R3, R4, and
C, we can simulate the desired value of inductance L.

where Le is the effective inductance given by

9
The prove is as follows: