THE BASICS Organic Compounds • All contain carbon atoms • Most contain hydrogen atoms • Many contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms • Some contain halogens • Others contain sulfur, phosphorous, boron, aluminum, magnesium, etc. The Carbon Atom
A carbon atom has 4 valence electrons (2s2 2p2)
and can accept up to four single bonds. Alkanes • Hydrocarbons that are made up entirely of single C-C bonds. Alkenes • Hydrocarbons that contain double C-C bonds; also known as “olefins” Alkynes • Hydrocarbons that contain triple C-C bonds. Common Reactions and Organic Derivatives Dehydrogenation Oxidation Alcohols Dehydration Aldehyde/Ketone Oxidation Series Ethanol metabolism Carboxylic Acid Dehydration of Organic Compounds Dehydration of Organic Compounds Ether/Ester Aromatic Compounds The Benzene Ring Other Reactions Reduction Reaction Addition Reaction Substitution Reaction