Grammar

Summary
Mr. Sherif Gouda
Gouda

Super
Star

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Personal Pronouns ‫الضمائر الشخصية‬
‫بعد فعل أو‬ ‫ال يأتي بعدها‬ ‫الفاعل هو نفسه‬ ‫الفاعل هو الذي قام‬
‫قبل الفعل‬ ‫حرف جر‬ ‫يأتي بعدها اسم‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫بالحدث بنفسه‬
‫فاعل‬ ‫مفعول‬ ‫صفات ملكية‬ ‫ضمائر ملكية‬ Reflexive Pronouns ‫ضمائر منعكسة‬
I me my+ ‫اسم‬ mine myself ‫ بنفسي‬/ ‫نفسي‬
He him his + ‫اسم‬ his himself ‫ بنفسه‬/ ‫نفسه‬
She her her +‫اسم‬ hers herself ‫ بنفسها‬/ ‫نفسها‬
It it its + ‫اسم‬ itself )‫ بنفسه (لغير العاقل‬/ ‫نفسه‬
We us our + ‫اسم‬ ours ourselves ‫ بأنفسنا‬/ ‫أنفسنا‬
You you your + ‫اسم‬ yours yourself /yourselves ‫أنفسكم‬/ ‫نفسك‬
They them their + ‫اسم‬ theirs themselves ‫ بأنفسهم‬/ ‫أنفسهم‬

Helping Verbs ‫األفعال المساعدة‬

be ‫يكون‬
V+ ing ‫حدث مستمر‬ I am
was
We
Ali is playing now. He
‫مضارع‬ ‫ماضي‬ V3 You are
She
am (’m) is They were
was It
is (’s) been V3 ‫مبني للمجهول‬ was Boys
Boy
are (’re) were Tea
Football is played.

have ‫يمتلك‬

V3 ‫أزمنة تامة‬
I have He has
I have just eaten fish. (’ve) She (’s)
‫مضارع‬ ‫ماضي‬ V3 We
have It
had had :‫ أشكال التصريف الثالث‬You had had
(’ve) Boy
(’d) (’d) -ed (played) /-en (eaten) They (’d) (’d)
has (’s) Tea
/ -ne (gone) / u (sung) / Boys
‫ ( نفس الماضي‬made)

do ‫ يفعل‬/ ‫يعمل‬
Inf. ‫مصدر الفعل‬
I He
Ali doesn’t play tennis. She
‫مضارع‬ ‫ماضي‬ V3 We do does
do It
‫مصدر الفعل هو فعل بدون أي‬ You did
did done did Boy
)s / ed / ing ‫إضافات ( بدون‬ They
does Tea
‫ويكون في التصريف األول‬ Boys

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 Super Model Verbs ‫األفعال الناقصة‬ Star
will (’ll)/would (’d)
can / could :)‫◄يأتي بعد األفعال الناقصة فعل في المصدر (بدون إضافات‬
shall / should ► I won’t come tomorrow. (won’t = will not)
‫مصدر‬
may / might ► When I was young, I couldn’t drive a car but
‫الفعل‬
must / had to now I can drive a car.
go
have to / had to ►You shouldn’t eat too much food.
ought to ►I may come with you to the club.

(Asking Questions ( ‫تكوين األسئلة‬

1)Yes , No Helping/Modal ‫ ناقص‬/ ‫مساعد‬ Subj. ‫فاعل‬ Comp. ‫تكملة الجملة‬

Question
I'll come tomorrow. Will you come tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I won't.
I was sad last day. Were you sad last day? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
I play tennis. Do you play tennis? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

2)"Wh- / How’’ ques. ‫أداة استفهام‬ ‫فعل مساعد‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫تكملة الجملة‬
‫السؤال بأداة إستفهام‬

Who ‫ مفعول‬- ‫فاعل‬ ‫ للسؤال عن الناس‬ Why ‫ الغرض‬/ ‫ للسؤال عن السبب‬

Whom ‫للمفعول‬ ►Who are you? (‫لماذا ) للسبب‬ ►Why do you go to the
(‫من ) للناس‬ - I’m Ali. club? - To play.

what ‫ للسؤال عن غير العاقل‬ Whose ‫ للسؤال عن الملكية‬

‫ ماذا‬/ ‫► ما‬What did you buy? (‫► لمن ) للملكية‬Whose book is this?
(‫)لألشياء‬ - I bought a car. - It’s Ali’s book.

:‫) للسؤال عن الناس‬Whom( ‫) نستخدم‬About/with( ‫بعد حروف الجر‬

With whom will you go to the club? With my friend Ali.
when ‫ للسؤال عن الوقت‬ Which ‫ التفضيل‬/‫للسؤال عن األختيار‬
What time ►When will you go? ‫ أيهما‬/ ‫أي‬ ►Which car do you like? -
) ‫متى (للوقت‬ - I’ll go at 6:00. (‫) لإلختيار‬ The red car.

Where ‫ للسؤال عن المكان‬ ‫للسؤال عن الفاعل نحذفه ونضع أداة استفهام مكانه ثم نكمل‬
(‫أين ) للمكان‬ ►Where do you live? - I )‫الجملة (ال نأتي بأفعال مساعدة خارجية‬
live in Paris. Ali ate fish. Who ate fish?

How ‫كيف‬ ‫ الحال‬/‫ للسؤال عن المشاعر‬ How big ‫ المساحة‬/‫ للسؤال عن الحجم‬
(‫) للمشاعر‬ ►How are you today? /‫► كم (حجم‬How big is an elephant? -
- I'm fine. )‫مساحة‬ 4000 kg.

How ‫كيف‬ ‫ للسؤال عن الوسيلة‬ How long ‫ للسؤال عن المدة الزمنية‬

/ ‫► الوسيلة‬How do you go to work? I ‫► كم طول المدة‬How long will you stay? -
‫المواصالت‬ go by car. (‫ ) مدة زمنية‬For 2 days.

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How old ‫كم‬ ‫ للسؤال عن العمر‬ How long ‫كم‬ )‫ للسؤال عن الطول (أفقي‬
‫عمر‬ ►How old are you? -I'm ‫طول (بشكل‬ ►How long is this bridge? - 8
10 years old. )‫أفقي‬ m. long.
How ‫ للسؤال عن العدد‬ How tall )‫ للسؤال عن الطول (رأسي‬
many ‫كم‬ ►How many boys are there?- ‫كم طول بشكل‬ ►How tall is your father? -
‫ عدد‬Three boys. )‫)رأسي‬ 150 cm.
How much ‫ للسؤال عن الكمية‬ How far ‫ للسؤال عن المسافة‬
‫كم كمية‬ ►How much sugar do you ‫► كم بعد للمسافة‬How far is your house? - 2
want?- Little sugar. km far.
How much ‫ للسؤال عن السعر‬ How ‫كم مرة‬ ‫ للسؤال عن عدد المرات‬
‫► كم سعر‬How much is this dress? - 40 often ►How often do you swim? -
dollars. (‫) لعدد المرات‬ Once a day.

(Whose / Which / How many / How much) :‫ أدوات إستفهام يأتي بعدها أسماء‬
(How many+ ‫)إسم جمع‬ ► How many boys.........?
(How much+ ‫)إسم ال يعد‬ ► How much water……?
Ex: What grade are you in? – I am in grade 5. :(What)‫ يمكن أن نستخدم إسم بعد‬
How+ ‫ = صفة‬What + ‫اسم‬
How old? = What age? How far = What distance?
How much?= What price/ quantity? How big= What size/area?
How long?= What length? How high? = What height?

Tag Questions ‫أسئلة مذيلة‬ ‫ فعل مساعد أو ناقص‬+ ‫ضمير‬

.‫◄إذا كان فعل الجملة مثبت فإن الفعل المساعد أو الناقص في نهاية السؤال نجعله منفي والعكس صحيح‬
.)do , does , did( ‫◄إذا لم يوجد أفعال مساعدة أو ناقصة نستخدم‬

My brother is sleeping, isn’t he? My father sleeps early, doesn’t he?

My friends aren’t here, are they? My sister watched TV, didn’t she?
I’ll come, won’t I? I don’t like fish, do I?

I am tall, (aren’t I / am I not)? Open the door, will you? :‫أمر‬

I am not short, am I? Don’t come late, will you? :‫نهي‬
I was sad, wasn’t I? Let me go out, will you? :‫طلب إذن‬
Everyone is here, aren’t they? Let’s play tennis, shall we? : ‫إقتراح‬

You’d better study, hadn’t you? ’d better = had better

I’d rather have tea, wouldn’t I? ’d rather = would rather
He’d like to sleep, wouldn’t he? ’d like = would like

: ‫هناك بعض الكلمات تعبر عن النفي أو معنى سلبي وعند وجودها في الجملة نضع الفعل المساعد مثبت ومنها‬

scarcely - seldom-rarely- hardly - never - neither - nor -none - no one - no body -

nothing - nowhere - little - few Ex: I ate little fish, did I?

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Super Irregular Verbs ‫أفعال شاذة‬
Star
Present ‫مضارع‬ Past P.P. ( V3) Present ‫ مضارع‬Past P.P. ( V3)
cost ‫يكلف‬ cost cost break ‫ يكسر‬broke broken
cut ‫ يجرح‬/ ‫يقطع‬ cut cut choose ‫ يختار‬chose chosen
hit ‫ يصطدم‬/ ‫يضرب‬ hit hit speak ‫ يتحدث‬/ ‫ يتكلم‬spoke spoken
hurt ‫ يصيب‬/ ‫يؤذي‬ hurt hurt steal ‫ يسرق‬stole stolen
let ‫ يسمح‬/ ‫يترك‬ let let wake ‫ يوقظ‬woke woken
put ‫يضع‬ put put drive ‫يسوق‬ drove driven
shut ‫يغلق‬ shut shut ride ‫يركب‬ rode ridden
lend ‫يسلف‬ lent lent rise ‫ يشرق‬/ ‫يرتفع‬ rose risen
send ‫يرسل‬ sent sent write ‫يكتب‬ wrote written
spend ‫ ينفق‬/ ‫يقضي‬ spent spent
beat ‫ يضرب‬/ ‫يهزم‬ beat beaten
build ‫يبني‬ built built
bite ‫يعض‬ bit bitten
burn ‫ يحترق‬/ ‫يحرق‬ burnt burnt
hide ‫ يختبأ‬/ ‫يخفي‬ hid hidden
learn ‫يتعلم‬ learnt learnt
smell ‫يشم‬ smelt smelt eat ‫يأكل‬ ate eaten
lose ‫ يخسر‬/ ‫يفقد‬ lost lost fall ‫ يقع‬/ ‫يسقط‬ fell fallen
get ‫ يحصل‬/ ‫يصبح‬ got got forget ‫ينسى‬ forgot forgotten
give ‫يعطي‬ gave given
sit ‫يجلس‬ sat sat
see ‫يري‬ saw seen
keep ‫يحفظ‬ kept kept
blow ‫ ينفخ‬/ ‫يهب‬ took
blew taken
blown
sleep ‫ينام‬ slept slept
take
grow ‫ يزرع‬/ ‫يأخذ‬
‫يكبر‬ grew grown
feel ‫ يحس‬/ ‫يشعر‬ felt felt
leave ‫ يغادر‬/ ‫يترك‬ left left Know ‫ يعلم‬/ ‫يعرف‬ knew known
meet ‫يقابل‬ met met throw ‫ يقذف‬/ ‫يرمي‬ threw thrown
dream ‫يحلم‬ dreamt dreamt fly ‫يطير‬ flew flown
mean ‫ يقصد‬/ ‫يعني‬ meant meant draw ‫يرسم‬ drew drawn
show ‫ يوضح‬/ ‫يبين‬ showed shown
bring ‫يحضر‬ brought brought
begin ‫يبدأ‬ began begun
buy ‫يشتري‬ bought bought
drink ‫يشرب‬ drank drunk
fight ‫ يتشاجر‬/ ‫يحارب‬ fought fought
swim ‫يسبح‬ swam swum
think ‫ يعتقد‬/ ‫يفكر‬ thought thought
ring ‫ يدق‬/ ‫يرن‬ rang rung
catch ‫ يصطاد‬/ ‫يمسك‬ caught caught
sing ‫يغني‬ sang sung
teach ‫ يعلم‬/ ‫يدرس‬ taught taught
run ‫يجري‬ ran run
sell ‫يبيع‬ sold sold come ‫يأتي‬ came come
tell ‫ يحكي‬/ ‫يخبر‬ told told become ‫يصبح‬ became become
find ‫يجد‬ found found go ‫يذهب‬ went gone
hear ‫يسمع‬ heard heard
hold ‫ يعقد‬/ ‫يمسك‬ held held
Helping ( Aux. ) Verbs ‫األفعال المساعدة‬
read ‫يقرأ‬ read read Inf. Present Past P.P ( V3)
say ‫يقول‬ said said be am / is was been
pay ‫ يسدد‬/ ‫يدفع‬ paid paid are were
make ‫ يصنع‬/ ‫يجعل‬ made made
have have / has had had
stand ‫ يقف‬stood stood do do / does did done
understand ‫ يفهم‬under- under-
stood stood
Modal Verbs ‫األفعال الناقصة‬
Present will shall can may must have to ought to
Past would should could might had to had to
Past
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 Super All Tenses ‫كل األزمنة‬ Star
Tense Affirmative Negative Question
Present )eat( ‫ مصدر‬don’t Do ….
eat ‫مصدر‬ eat ‫مصدر‬ ?
Simple )eats( s + ‫ فعل‬doesn’t Does …

always ‫ دائما‬-usually ‫عادة‬- sometimes ‫ أحيانا‬-often ‫ غالبا‬-seldom/rarely ‫ نادرا‬-never ‫أبدا‬-every

Present am/is/are + V+ing am /is/are + not + V+ing Is ……..

V+ ing
Cont. Are ……
now ‫ اآلن‬/ at this moment ‫ في هذه اللحظة‬/ at the present time ‫ في الوقت الحالي‬/ these days/
nowadays / this week/ this month / Look! / Listen! / Watch out! / Be quiet!

Past lived (d/ed) ‫ منتظم‬didn’t + eat ‫مصدر‬ Did …. eat ‫مصدر‬ +

Simple )ate( ‫شاذ تصريف ثاني‬
yesterday ‫ أمس‬/ last (day..) / ago (two days ago) / Once / in the past / in 1990

Past Cont. was/were + V+ing was /were + not + V+ing Was ….

V+ ing
Were ……
all day’’night’’ yesterday / at 5 yesterday / While-As-Just as ‫ بينما‬/ When

Future 1. will (‘ll) + ‫مصدر‬ 1. will not(won’t)+inf. Will …..

Simple 2. am-is-are+ going 2. am-is-are+(not) + Is/Are....going to ‫مصدر‬
to + ‫مصدر‬ going to +‫مصدر‬
tomorrow ‫ غدا‬/ next (day..) ‫ القادم‬/ soon ‫ قريبا‬/ in the future ‫ المستقبل‬/ in 2030
hope-wish ‫ أتمنى‬/ today ‫ اليوم‬/ I think ‫ أنا أعتقد‬/ I expect ‫ أنا أتوقع‬/ probably ‫محتمل‬

Future will + be + V+ing will not (won’t) + be + Will ……. be + V+ing?

continous V+ing
at (9am) tomorrow / from 2 to 4 next day / this time tomorrow

Present have (‘ve) haven’t Have ……

V3 V3 V3
Perfect has (‘s) hasn’t Has ………

just ‫ توا‬/ already ‫ بالفعل‬/ ever ‫ من قبل‬/ never ‫ أبدا‬/ since ‫ منذ‬/ for ‫ لمدة‬/ yet ‫حتى اآلن‬
up till now / so far ‫ حتى الوقت الحالي‬/ lately-recetly ‫ مؤخرا‬/ several (many) times ‫مرات عديدة‬
Present have / has + been Have / has + not + been Have/Has …… been + V+ing ?
Perf. C + V+ing + V+ing
for / since / lately / recently / this (week- month - year) / today / all day

Past Perfect had (‘d) + V3 had not (hadn’t) +V3 Had …….. + V3?
After / As soon as ‫ بمجرد أن‬/ Before - By the time ‫ قبل‬/ till - until ‫حتى‬

Future Perf. will have + V3 will not (won’t) have + V3 Will ... have + V3?
by 2050 / by the end of this year / by tomorrow / before ‘’ by the tme ‘’ I graduate
Ex:0I will
If have studied all my lessons by 5 tomorrow.

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 Super If ‫ لو‬/ ‫إذا‬
Star
‫فعل الشرط‬ ‫فعل جواب الشرط‬ Example
‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬ If we boil water, it turns
‫حقائق‬ inf. / V+s inf. / V+s into steam.
don’t/doesn’t+inf. don’t/doesn’t+inf.
‫مضارع بسيط‬ will (’ll)/won’t If he goes to the zoo, he
1 If inf. / V+s can/can’t + inf. will see animals.
don’t/doesn’t+inf. may/may not
(V2) ‫ماضي بسيط‬ would (’d) If he went to the zoo, he
2 If played / went could + inf. would see animals.
didn’t +inf.(go) might
‫ماضي تام‬ would(’d) If he had gone to the zoo,
3 If had +V3 (eaten) could +have+ V3 he would have seen
hadn’t +V3 (eaten) might animals.

If you are ill, .‫) أو فعل أمر في المصدر في الحالة األولي‬should /ought to / have to + inf.( ‫◄يمكن استخدام‬
you should go to the doctor. / If you’re ill, go to the doctor.

: )If( ‫) للتعبير عن إفتراض خيالي بعد‬was( ‫ ) بدل‬were( ‫◄ نستخدم‬

Ex: If I were you, I would go to the doctor.

Unless = if ... not Ex: Unless .) not ( ‫ ولكن ال نضع بعدها نفي‬if ‫نفس حاالت‬ Unless ‫إذا لم‬
you study, you won’t pass the exam.

Passive Voice ‫المبني للمجهول‬

‫مفعول‬
‫فعل‬ ‫تصريف‬ English is studied (by me) every day.
‫يكون‬ ‫ثالث‬ English was studied (by me) yesterday.

‫مبني للمعلوم‬ ‫مبني للمجهول‬ Active ‫مبني للمعلوم‬ Passive ‫مبني للمجهول‬
‫أفعال ناقصة‬ be + V3 We should play sports Sports should be played every
(will/can...) every day. day.

‫أزمنة مستمرة‬ being + V3 Ali is eating fish now. Fish is being eaten by Ali now.
(is/are/was..)
‫أزمنة تامة‬ been + V3 I have just ridden a A horse has been just ridden by
(have/has...) horse. me.

‫مضارع بسيط‬ is / are + V3 My friends play Football is played by my friends

(eat/eats) football every day. every day.
‫ماضي بسيط‬ was / were + V3 I did my homework My homework was done
(ate) yesterday. yesterday.

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 Super Indirect Speech ‫الكالم الغير مباشر‬ Star

) says / tells ( ‫◄عندما يكون فعل القول في زمن المضارع‬

‫ الجملة‬-Reem told me (that) she felt
‫ الخبرية‬tired.
Ali said to me (that) he had been
ill.
‫ جملة‬- I wondered if she had won the
‫ السؤال‬race.
- She asked me whether I would
play with them.
- He asked me where I was
going.
‫ األمر أو‬- He told me to study.
‫ النصح أو‬He advised me not to smoke.
‫النهي‬
.‫فإن األفعال بعده تكون في صيغ المضارع أو المستقبل‬
- ►He says he lives in London.
►My friend says that he will work in
business when he grows up.
‫) فاألفعال‬told /asked( ‫◄عندما يكون فعل القول في الماضي‬
.‫بعده تكون في صيغ الماضي‬
►He said that he would come the following
day.
‫◄نستخدم زمن المضارع البسيط إذا كان الكالم يدل علي حكم أو‬
: ‫حقائق يومية أو حقائق علمية‬
►My teacher said time is gold. ►It is
-
said that eating an apple a day keeps the
doctor away.

Expressing Regret / Far wish

‫التعبير عن الندم أو التمني المستحيل‬

:‫◄ عند الندم أو التمني المستحيل في المضارع نستخدم الماضي البسيط‬

► I am very poor. / (I wish / If only) I were a millionaire!
:‫◄ عند الندم أو التمني المستحيل في الماضي البسيط نستخدم زمن الماضي التام في جملة التمني أو الندم‬
► I was very poor. / (I wish / If only) I had been a millionaire!
.‫) للتعبير عن إفتراض خيالي‬was( ‫) بدل‬were( ‫◄ عند الندم أو التمني المستحيل نستخدم‬
► (I hope / I wish) I will be a doctor. : )will( ‫◄ عند التمني في المستقبل نستخدم‬

: ‫( للتعبير عن الندم‬regret ’s’ + V+ ing / not+ V+ing ( ‫◄ يمكن استخدام‬

►He has cancer. He regrets smoking.
► I am very fat. I regret not playing sports.

‫جملة األمر والجملة العادية‬

:‫ للتعبير عن الغرض‬to / in order to / so that ‫◄ جملة األمر تبدأ بفعل في المصدر وقد تحتوي على‬
► Open your book. / Play sports to be fit. / Play sports so that you get fit.
:(s) ‫( وبعدها فعل منتهي ب‬ing) ‫◄ الجملة العادية قد تبدأ بفاعل وقد يكون فاعل الجملة فعل منتهي ب‬
► Playing sports makes you fit.

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To + inf. / V+ ing

want - need - would like - hope - plan - try to + ‫مصدر الفعل‬

- afford- fail- refuse - tend- arrange-
decide- forget- learn-promise - offer - - Do you want to eat fish?
manage - I decided to stop smoking.

‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫المصدر‬
ask- tell-advise-teach-persuade - expect-
encourage- help- remind - My father told me to study.

It's + adj. ‫( صفة‬important / vital / easy / to + ‫مصدر الفعل‬

necessary...) - It's important to play sports.

make/made/ let to ‫مصدر الفعل بدون‬

had better / would rather - Plays make me laugh.
Let's / Why not / Why don't you? - You’d better study well.

go/like/prefer/hate/appreciate/
enjoy/avoid/ keep/ complete / finish
‫ فعل‬+ ing
/stop/quit/give up/ mind/ deny/
suggest/imagine/ fear/miss/ practice/ - Did you go swimming?
involve/risk/ fancy/ regret/ can't - Do you mind coming with me?
stand/can't help/look forward to / It’s no - Fancy seeing you today.
(use – good) / It's worth

:‫بعد حروف الجر‬

‫ فعل‬+ ing
in/ on / at /of / for /about /by /with
/without /through…) - I'm fond of reading stories.

‫ فعل‬+ ing
:‫بعد الروابط الزمنية اذا حذفنا الفاعل‬
After/Before/When/While/As soon as - While running, he fell down.

‫ فعل‬+ ing
►There is / are + ‫مفعول‬ -There is a man waiting for me.
► ‫ فعل‬+ ‫مفعول‬ - I see a bird flying in the sky.

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 Super Adjectives ‫الصفات‬ Star
)tall / short / big / small/ quick ( ‫ صفات قصيرة المقطع تحتوي على مقطع واحد‬-1
) exciting / quickly( ‫) يحتوون على أكثر من مقطع‬ly) ‫ صفات طويلة المقطع و الظروف المنتهية ب‬-2

‫عدم التساوي‬
Comparative ‫بين إثنين‬ Superlative ‫بين أكثر من إثنين‬

1 ‫ صفة قصيرة‬+ er + than 1 the + ‫ صفة قصيرة‬+ est

older than ‫أكبر سنا من‬ the biggest ‫األضخم‬

►My dad is older than my mom. ►The blue whale is the biggest
animal.

2
(more / less( + ‫ صفة طويلة‬+ than 2 the (most / least + ‫صفة طويلة‬

more exciting than ‫أكثر متعة من‬ the most exciting ‫األكثر متعة‬

►Football is more exciting than ►Football is the most exciting

tennis. sport.

(as + ‫ صفة أو ظرف بدون إضافات‬+ as) : ‫◄ في حالة التساوي بين اثنان نستخدم‬
►I am nearly as tall as my brother. / I run as quickly as a tiger.
:‫( للتعبير عن عدم التساوي بين اثنان‬not as/so + ‫ صفة أو ظرف بدون إضافات‬+ as ( ‫◄ يمكن إستخدام‬
► I am not as smart as you. ► A donkey can’t run so quickly as a horse.

: ‫◄ هناك بعض الظروف تأتي قبل المقارنة بين اثنان وهي‬

much / a lot / far / largely / a good deal / slightly / a little / a bit
Ali is much taller than Saif. / He runs a bit more quickly than me.

‫الصفات الشاذة‬
Positive Comparative Superlative

bad / ill ‫ مريض‬/ ‫سئ‬ worse than ‫أسوأ من‬ the worst ‫األسوأ‬
good/well ‫ بخير‬/ ‫جيد‬ better than ‫أفضل من‬ the best ‫األفضل‬
many /much ‫كثير‬ more than ‫أكثر من‬ the most ‫األكثر‬
little ‫قليل للكمية‬ less than ‫أقل من‬ the least ‫األقل‬
far ‫بعيد‬ farther than )‫أبعد من ) للمسافة‬ ( ‫ األبعد‬the farthest )‫األبعد (مسافة‬
further than )‫أبعد من ( للوقت‬ the furthest ) ‫للوقت‬

:‫) نستخدم‬Correlative Comparison( ‫◄ عند المقارنة المترابطة‬

The (more / less / er ) ...... , the (more / less / er )
► The more you study, the higher marks you will get.

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‫‪Super‬‬ ‫‪Star‬‬
‫األسماء ‪Nouns‬‬

‫إسم مفرد ( ‪)boy‬‬ ‫إسم جمع ( ‪)boys‬‬ ‫إسم ال يعد ( ‪) tea‬‬

‫◄ نستخدم ( ‪ ) a / an‬قبل االسم المفرد الغير معروف‪.‬‬

‫◄نستخدم (‪ )a‬قبل األصوات الساكنة‪a boy / a table .‬‬
‫◄ نستخدم (‪ )an‬قبل األصوات المتحركة (‪an apple/an egg/an orange .)a/e/i/o/u‬‬

‫◄ حرف (‪ )u‬إذا نطق كما هو يكون ساكن ونضع قبله (‪ )a‬مثل ‪a university‬‬
‫◄ حرف (‪ )u‬إذا نطق )‪ (a‬يكون متحرك ونضع قبله (‪ )an‬مثل ‪an umbrella‬‬
‫◄ إذا كانت بداية الكلمة حرف صامت نركز على الحرف الثاني )‪(an honest man / an hour‬‬

‫◄ نستخدم ( ‪ ) the‬قبل جميع األسماء المعروفة (الجبال ‪/‬األنهار‪/‬المحيطات‪/‬آالت موسيقية‪ /‬بعد ضمائر الوصل‪ /‬وعند ذكر االسم‬
‫للمرة الثانية في الجملة ‪ /‬وأرقام الترتيب ‪ / first‬االتجاهات ‪.north‬‬
‫‪The sun/The universe/The president/The first/The boy who studies hard/ I saw a girl.‬‬
‫‪The girl was running.‬‬

‫‪many / few / much / little‬‬

‫‪ / too many‬كثير من ‪many/ several/a lot of/ lots of‬‬
‫‪ / few‬قليل يكفي ‪a few‬‬ ‫‪ / too few‬قليل جدا )ال يكفي(‬ ‫اسم جمع (‪)boys‬‬

‫‪comparative‬‬ ‫مقارنة بين اثنان‬ ‫‪superlative‬‬ ‫مقارنة بين أكثر من اثنان‬

‫‪moreX fewer‬‬ ‫جمع (‪)boys‬‬ ‫‪than‬‬ ‫)‪the (most X fewest‬‬ ‫جمع (‪)boys‬‬

‫‪ / too much‬كثير من ‪much/plenty of/a lot of/ lots of‬‬

‫‪ / little‬قليل يكفي ‪a little‬‬ ‫‪ / too little‬قليل جدا )ال يكفي(‬ ‫اسم ال يعد ( ‪) oil‬‬

‫‪comparative‬‬ ‫مقارنة بين اثنان‬ ‫‪superlative‬‬ ‫مقارنة بين أكثر من اثنان‬

‫‪moreX less‬‬ ‫ال يعد ( ‪) oil‬‬ ‫‪than‬‬ ‫)‪the (most X least‬‬ ‫ال يعد ( ‪) oil‬‬

‫أي ‪ / any‬بعض ‪some‬‬

‫◄ نستخدم ( ‪ ) some / any‬قبل االسم الجمع واألسم الغير معدود‬

‫◄( ‪ ) some‬تستخدم في االثبات و) ‪ ) any‬في النفي والسؤال العام ‪:‬‬
‫?‪I have some pens. / I don’t have any books. / Are there any boys in class‬‬
‫◄ نستخدم (‪ )some‬في سؤال الطلب ) ?‪) Can I have some tea‬‬
‫و العرض ) ? ‪) Would you like some tea‬‬

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 Super Star
Another ‫ آخر‬/ Other ‫آخرون‬

)Boy( ‫مفرد‬ )Boys( ‫جمع‬ .‫) ال نكتب أسماء ويعبران عن االسم الجمع‬others/the others( ‫◄بعد‬
‫ محدد‬the other the other boys = ‫) تعبر عن االسم المفرد والجمع المعروفين ولكن االسم‬The other(◄
(boy) the others .‫المفرد قد نكتبه أونحذفه‬
‫ غير محدد‬another other boys =
.‫) قبل االسم الغير معدود‬other / the other( ‫◄نستخدم‬
others

‫ ويمكن أن نستخدم‬every / each ‫◄ نكتب اسم مفرد بعد‬

every/each/this/that
all/most/both/these/those
)Boy( ‫مفرد‬ ‫ فقط بدون اسم مفرد‬each
►Each of them is happy.
)Boys( ‫جمع‬
‫ للتعبير عن االسم الجمع‬all ‫◄ نستخدم‬
►All of them are happy.

‫الملكية‬ ’s ’
.) Children’s pens ( ‫ ) أو أسماء الجمع الشاذ‬The boy’s pen( ‫’) بعد األسماء المفردة‬s( ‫نضع‬
)men/women/children ( :‫أمثلة على الجمع الشاذ‬
This is the boy’s book. He often reads it.
) The boys’ pens) )s( ‫نضع فاصلة (’) فقط بعد أسماء الجمع المنتظم أي المنتهية ب‬
Ex: These are the boys’ teacher. They love him.

Prepositions of time ‫حروف جر للوقت‬

in )1990 ( ‫) سنة‬April ( ‫) شهر‬the morning / afternoon / evening ( ‫فترة زمنية‬

)the summer / winter / spring / fall’’ autumn’’ ( ‫فصول السنة‬
( a few years) ‫مدة زمنية للمستقبل‬
on Holiday/ Sunday ‫ أيام‬/ Sunday morning/ )April first ‘’the first of April ‘’ ( ‫تاريخ‬
Birthday / Eid Alfitr
at noon /night / midnight /midday/ the same time / sunrise / sunset / )6:00 ( ‫ساعات‬
(breakfast/lunch/dinner) / at the end / at the beginning/ at the moment
at the weekend (U.K.) / on the weekend (US.)
by by noon ‫قبل الظهيرة‬

‫مالحظات‬
‫ ( نستخدم‬since / for ( ‫ ( فنستخدم‬have – haven’t / has – hasn’t + V3 ( ‫ إذا كانت الجملة في زمن المضارع التام‬
‫ ( نستخدمها مع‬for ( ‫ ) أما‬since 7:00 /since Sunday / since April / since 1990 ( ‫( قبل الزمن المحدد‬since)
.) for two days / for three months / for five years ( ‫المدة الزمنية‬
Ex: I visited France in 1990. / I haven’t visited France since 1990.
I lived in Dubai ten years ago. / I have lived in Dubai for ten years.

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 Super Star
Sentence Structure ‫تركيبة الجملة‬

Subj. ‫فاعل‬ Verb ‫فعل‬ Obj. ‫مفعول‬ Comp. ‫تكملة‬

A/An a/an ‫◄صفة‬
The ‫مساعد‬ the easy
Many/Few am/is/ many/few ‫◄ ظرف‬
Much/Little    are .... much/little    easily
A lot of ‫ناقص‬ a lot of +‫◄حرف جر‬
Several adv adj N will... several adv adj N ‫اسم أو عبارة‬
Some/Any ‫أساسي‬ some/any in the club
My/His... study my/his... ‫◄ظرف زمان أو‬
in/on/with/about... last day ‫مكان‬

A very clever boy can answer an extremely hard exam easily.

He’s running quickly. : ‫( فإننا نكمل الجملة بظرف حال‬run( ‫◄إذا كان فعل الجملة فعل أساسي مثل‬
(become/ ‫( أو فعل يصبح مثل‬be/been/am/is/are/was/were( ‫◄إذا كان الفعل األساسي للجملة فعل يكون‬
‫) فإننا‬find/found( ‫( أو فعل يجد‬seem/look/ sound/taste/delicious/feel/felt( ‫ أو أفعال الحواس مثل‬get)
He is very quick. / I feel happy today. .‫نكمل الجملة بصفة‬
:‫) غالبا تعبر عن أشياء‬ing( ‫) غالبا تعبر عن أشخاص والصفة المنتهية ب‬ed( ‫◄الصفة المنتهية ب‬
I am interested in reading. / Reading is very interesting.

:‫) ويصف ثالثة أشياء‬quick-quickly( ‫) للصفة‬ly( ‫◄ظرف الحال يتكون بإضافة‬

►He can run quickly. / He can quickly run. :‫الفعل ويأتي قبله أو بعده‬
►He is extremely tall. / The door is firmly locked. :‫ الصفة ويأتي قبلها‬
►Really, the weather is very nice today. :‫ الجملة كلها‬

:‫◄قبل الصفات والظروف ممكن نكتب هذه الكلمات وتعني جدا أو إلى حد ما‬
so - very - extremely - too ‫ جدا‬/ fairly - quite - pretty - rather - a bit ‫إلى حد ما‬
►Ali is quite tall. / Ali is quite a tall boy. quite ‫ إلى حد ما‬quiet ‫هادئ‬

:‫) ويأتي بعد‬ize/ ise /ate /fy /uce ‫◄مصدر الفعل (غالبا ينتهي ب‬
to / don’t / doesn’t / didn’t / can / could / will / won’t / would / shall / should / may
/might / must / have to / had to / ought to
►You should organize your time.

‫ترتيب الصفات‬
opinion size ‫حجم‬ age ‫عمر‬ shape color origin material purpose
‫رأي‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫لون‬ ‫ جنسية‬/‫أصل‬ ‫مادة خام‬ ‫غرض‬
nice small new round brown French wooden relaxing

► I bought a very nice new brown wooden table.

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 Super Connectors ‫الروابط‬ Star
1 My friend didn't come for he was very sick.
for ) ‫ألن ( للسبب‬
2 I went to the club and I played football.
and )‫و (إلضافة معلومات‬
3 My sister hasn't studied nor has she relaxed.
nor ) ‫وال ( للنفي‬
4 He is a rich man, but he doesn’t help the poor.
but ) ‫ولكن ( للتناقض‬
5 You should study hard or you will fail the exam.
or )‫أو(لإلختيارأو التحذير‬
6 You can either drink tea or you can drink coffee.
)either……. or (
7 He is a rich man, yet he lives a simple life.
yet ) ‫ولكن ( للتناقض‬
8 My friend was very sick, so he didn't come.
so ) ‫ولذلك ( للنتيجة‬
Both ….. and ……. 1 Both Ali and his sister play tennis.
not only....but also (as well) 2 Not only Ali but also his sister plays tennis.
and also (‫ فعل مساعد مثبت‬+‫)فاعل‬ 3 Ali plays tennis and also does his sister.
and (‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ ) فعل مساعد مثبت‬too 4 Ali plays tennis and his sister does too.
‫نفي‬
Neither …… nor ‫ وال‬..... ‫ليس‬ 1 Neither Ali nor his sister plays tennis.
2 Ali doesn’t play tennis and neither does his sister.
and neither (‫ مساعد مثبت‬+ ‫)فاعل‬
3 Ali doesn't play tennis and his sister doesn't
and (‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ )مساعد منفي‬either either.

Conjunctions ‫الروابط‬

because / as / since / for )‫ألن (سبب‬

‫جملة‬ I was ill.
so , / Thus , / Therefore /As a result ) ‫ولذلك ( نتيجة‬
I didn’t come as I was ill.

Although/Though )‫بالرغم من (تناقض وبعدهم جملة أساسية‬ Although I was ill, I went out.

However, )‫بالرغم من (ويأتي بعدها جملة التناقض‬

‫عبارة‬ my illness being ill

because of/due to/as a result of ) ‫بسبب ( سبب‬
despite/in spite of ) ‫بالرغم من ( تناقض‬ Despite my illness, I went out.

to / in order to / so as to ‫لكي‬ ‫مصدر الفعل‬ learn

not to / in order not to / so as not to ‫لكي ال‬ I go to school to learn.

I study so that I can succeed.

so that / in order that ‫جملة‬
I studied so that I could succeed.

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 Super Star
too / enough / so / such

as (adj.) as  My friend is as smart as a computer.

not [as/so (adj.) as]
so (adj.) that
such (adj. + N) that
too (adj.) to + inf.
(adj.) enough to + inf
(adj.) enough for +V+ ing
 I am not as (so) tall as my elder brother.
 The test is so hard that I can’t answer it.
 It is such a hard exam that I can’t answer it.
 The box is too heavy (for me) to carry.
 Ali is old enough to drive a car.
 Ali is old enough for driving a car.

Relative pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬

)‫لألشخاص (فاعل‬ who ‫فعل‬ Students, who study hard, usually get high marks.

who
)‫لألشخاص (مفعول‬ I/he ... The man (who / whom) I met yesterday was tall.
whom

‫للملكية‬ whose ‫إسم‬ The boy, whose grades were high, was very smart.

‫لألشياء‬ which ‫ ضمير‬/‫فعل‬ I ate the apple which was in the fridge.

The man that I met yesterday was tall.

‫لألشخاص واألشياء‬ that I ate the apple that was in the fridge.

‫للمكان‬ where This is the club where we play football.

‫للوقت‬ when The spring is a nice time when flowers grow.

‫للسبب‬ why I don’t know the cause why he was absent.

‫للكيفية‬ how I don’t know how to make cake.

)all ( ‫بعد‬ what This is all what I have.

:)‫ وقت‬/ ‫ مكان‬/ ‫) لغير العاقل (أشياء‬which( ‫) للعاقل و‬whom( ‫◄بعد حروف الجر نستخدم‬
►The boy with whom I play, is very funny.
►This is the school in which I learn.

:‫◄بعض الكلمات ممكن تكون شئ أو مكان حسب معنى الجملة‬

►This is the house that my father bought for us. : ‫شئ‬
►This is the house where I live. : ‫مكان‬
.‫) تشير ألشياء‬bought / rented / sold ( ‫) تشير للمكان أما‬live / was born ( ‫كلمات مثل‬

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