Unravelling the Effects of Expansive Soil on Masonry House

Construction: An In-Depth Review.

M.A.H.A. Ahamed1, C. Jayasinghe2*, I. Erandi3*, S. Dihari4*
1
Undergraduate Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa
2
Senior Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa
3
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa
4
National Building Research Organization, Sri Lanka

E-mail of corresponding author: ahamedaakil9900@gmail.com

Abstract: The swelling and shrinkage of certain soils, a common occurrence known as expansive
soil, have posed significant challenges to lightweight structures such as masonry houses and
small masonry structures for many years. Soils with montmorillonite as the primary mineral tend
to undergo noticeable changes in volume when they go through wet and dry cycles. The extent
of these changes depends on factors such as the amount of clay minerals present, their
interchangeable ions and the soil's internal substructure. Building on expansive soils frequently
leads to the problems like tilting, settling, and cracking of masonry house, foundation and walls.
Utility lines, doors, and windows can also be damaged. To understand the behaviour of expansive
soil and predict potential damage, various studies have been conducted. A considerable amount
of literature exists to categorize the types and extent of distress caused by expansive soil.
Additionally, there are suggested remedial measures to counteract the swelling pressure. This
paper reviews current research on different types of discomfort brought on by expanding soil, the
level of masonry construction cracking damage, and proposed solutions. It also addresses
considerations for selecting appropriate measures to deal with expansive soils. Understanding
the behaviour of expansive soil and having effective strategies to mitigate potential damage is
crucial for ensuring the longevity and stability of masonry structures built on such soil types. By
examining the available literature and research findings, this paper aims to contribute to the body
of knowledge on expansive soil and the steps that may be taken to reduce its adverse effects on
masonry house.

Keywords: Expansive soil, masonry house, adverse effect, foundation and walls.