Science test- Biology

Classification

Poriferans- commonly known as sponges

- Have pores to let water to go in and out of them, carrying their food
- Lives in the ocean
- Is an aquatic invertebrate animal

Cnidarians- marine invertebrate animals

- Has radial symmetry and only has only body opening

- Lives in the ocean
- Has a stinging cell to catch it food

Echinoderms- a marine invertebrate animal which has a chalky layer under it, like an armour

- Has radial symmetry

- Has a leathery or spiky skin
- Lives in the water- swallow

Annelids- segmented worms

- If seen closely, can see the segmented parts of the body of the worm
- Is an invertebrate animal
- Lives in water or damp places
- Radial symmetry

Nematodes- roundworms

- Have tape pointed sides- do not have any segments and have pointy endings
- Is bilateral symmetry
- Are parasites
- Lives in water or very moist places

Plathelminths- are flat worms

- Is flattened top to bottom

- Live in water, or very moist places
- Bilateral symmetry
Molluscs- second largest phylum in the animal kingdom

- Have strong internal organs

- Have a muscular foot for movement
- Varies in shape, size and colour
- Some have shell
- Live in water or very moist places

Anthropods- largest phylum in the animal kingdom

- Includes insects
- Scorpions and spiders

- Can live everywhere

- Can survive on dry land because they have an exoskeleton, a skeleton outside the body
- Inside body segmented into segments

Chordates- have a neve cord running down their backs, which gives this group its name. Most
chordates have skeletons inside their body- an endoskeleton, most of the chordates have a series of
small bones protecting the nerve cord.

Chordates-

- Agnatha
- Chondrichthyes
- Osteichthyes
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Aves
- Mammals- placentals, monotremes, and marsupials.

Agnatha- means without jaws

- All living agnatha are parasites

- a round mouth for sucking into host organisms.
- Their skeletons are made of cartilage
- can literally tie themselves into knots

Chondrichthyes- means cartilage fish

- Chondrichthyes have a skeleton made of cartilage

Chondrichthyes include sharks and rays.

Osteichthyes- The Osteichthyes are bony fish.

 - They have fins on the back and sides of their body
- have proper jaws and teeth.
- their skeleton made of bone. Tuna, goldfish, eels, sea horses and lungfish all belong to this
group.

Amphibians

- Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders are all amphibians.

- Amphibians are chordates that live both in and out of water.
- Their eggs are laid in water.
- All amphibians are ectothermic, so are not found in very cold areas

Reptiles

- Reptiles such as crocodiles, lizards and snakes

- are ectothermic, and have a dry, scaly skin.
- They breathe using only their lungs.
- Most lay eggs with a leathery shell on land.
- Sea snakes do not lay eggs—instead they give birth to live young.

Aves

- they have feathers covering their body and lay hard-shelled eggs.
- All birds have wings, including those that cannot fly.
- Birds are endothermic, meaning that they generate their own heat and can control their
body temperature. This allows them to remain warm in cold environments.

Mammals

- all the animals that have a body covering of hair

- feed their babies on milk produced by the mother.
- Mammals are divided into three subclasses based on the way they reproduce.

• Placentals are mammals that nourish the baby inside the mother’s body by a placenta and the
baby is born at a developed stage.

• Monotremes lay eggs.

• Marsupials give birth to tiny undeveloped young that climbs into the pouch where it is fed on milk.
The young marsupial grows and completes its development in the pouch.
Mosses and liverworts

- Mosses and liverworts are usually very small because they do not have any tissues to transport water or nutrients
through the plant.
- They absorb water from the atmosphere through their leaves.
- They mostly live in damp places where they are not in danger of drying out.
- Mosses and liverworts reproduce using single cells called spores that grow into a new plants

Ferns

- Ferns have a vascular system consisting of hollow tubes or vessels which transport water and nutrients throughout
the plant.
- They also reproduce using spores produced in structures known as sporangia.
Seed-producing plants

- Seed-producing plants reproduce using seeds.

- Seeds are more complex than spores.
- One cell within the seed becomes the new plant.
- These other cells provide food for the developing plant until the leaves are formed.
cycads•
ginkgo•
conifers•
flowering plants.

Cycads and ginkgos

- Cycads and ginkgos have separate male and female trees.
- Male trees produce pollen in cones, and female trees produce seeds.
- Cycads have separate male and female plants.

Conifers

- Most conifers produce the male (pollen-bearing) and female (seed-bearing) cones on the same tree.

Flowering plants

- Flowering plants produce seeds fully protected inside the female part of the flower, which is known as the ovary.
- Many of the flowers produced by flowering plants are used to attract pollinators such as bees, flies, moths, birds or
bats.

Fungi kingdom

- Mushrooms and toadstools and the bracket fungi and mould are fungi that are big enough to be easily seen. That is,
they are macroscopic.
- Other fungi, such as the yeast in are so small that they can only be seen through a microscope—they are
microscopic.
- Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food, and therefore they must feed on other organisms. Fungi are the
main cause of decay (or rotting) in fruit and vegetables.
- Fungi are decomposers responsible for breaking down wastes like faeces and dead organisms and returning the
nutrients they contain to the environment.

Protist kingdom
- Most organisms in the protist kingdom are very small or microscopic and live in water.
 Monera kingdom
- The Monera kingdom includes all the organisms known as bacteria.

Loser look of the five kingdoms

Scientific naming

Taxonomists use the binomial naming system that gives every species a unique two-part name. - - - The first part of the
species name tells you the genus to which the organism belongs, and always starts with a capital letter.

The second part tells you the species within that genus. This part of the name always starts with a lower-case letter. When
the names are typed, italics are used. When names are written, they are underlined.