The need to develop a country's science

and technology has generally been

recognized as one of the imperatives of
socioeconomic progress in the
contemporary world. This has become a
widespread concern of governments
especially since the post-world war II
years.

Among Third World countries, an

important dimension of this concern is
the problem of dependence in science
and technology as this is closely tied up
with the integrity of their political
sovereignty and economic self-reliance.
• Own culture and traditions, belief system and
indigenous knowledge system were common

• Filipinos were knowledgeable about nature

and environment (ex. Herbs)

• Interpretation of heavenly bodies to predict

seasons and climates, and organizing days
into months and years

• Filipinos had alphabet, number system,

weighing scale, measuring systems and
calendar.
• Medicine – medicinal plants

• Technology – building houses, irrigations, tools

for everyday life

- Transportation
- Planting, cooking, hunting, fishing
- Weapons
- Musical instruments
• Metal age – gold, silver, jewelry, ceramics,
metal tools

• Trading with China, Indonesia, Japan

- Cultural and technological exchange

• Indigenous science or folk science

• Barter and trade occurred (ornaments, sea

shells, pots, beeswax, cotton, pearls, tortoise
shell, medicinal betel nuts, and coconut
heart mats)
• S&T is embedded in their way of life
- Planting of crops
- Taking care of animals
- Food production
• Brought their own culture, especially
Catholicism

• Established schools for boys and girls (subjects

and discipline)
- Beginning of formal science and technology
in the country (school of science and
technology)
- Concepts related to the human body, plants,
animals, heavenly bodies

• Technology focuses on using and developing

house tools used in everyday life
• Adaptation of Western technology and life

• Galleon trade

• Centers of global trade in Southeast Asia

• Superstitious beliefs and catholic doctrines

halted growth of science
• Establishment of public education system

• Improved engineering works and health

conditions of the people

• Modern research university – University of the

Philippines

• Public hospitals

• Exploration and exploitation of mineral

resources

• Transportations and communication

.
• “Americanize” the Philippines

• Develop human resources to serve their own

interest – new knowledge and technology in
the country
.
• Destabilized development of the country

• Institutions and public utilities were burned,

bombarded

• Reparation funds focused on building

institutions and public facilities

• Improving its science and technological

capabilities

• Explored the use of ODA – Overseas

Development Allocations
 INTERNAL
INFLUENCES
• Survival
• Culture
• Economic
activities DEVELOPMENT
OF SCIENCE
AND
EXTERNAL TECHNOLOGY
INFLUENCES
IN THE
• Foreign colonizers PHILIPPINES
• Trade with foreign
countries
• International
economic demands
Traditional Self – Medication
▪ Chinese oils or ointments

▪ Folk healing techniques

(Ventosa)

Local Healers
▪ herbs and roots

- Faith healers
- Folk healers
- Mambunongs
- Badeo
Salt coupled with drying as
preservatives
▪ Salted, smoked, and/or dried fish

and meat products

▪ Bagoong and patis

Fat as preservative
▪ Dinuguan, igado, and adobo
Swidden Farming (uma)
▪ The oldest form of agroforestry

practice in Ifugao
▪ Swidden farming practices:

- Apuyan (burning)
- Lotang (fencing)
- Mungabut (weeding)
Seed Preservation
• placing unthreshed seeds above
wood-burning stoves
• hanging them in smoky areas of
the kitchen
• Air-drying and mixing of
charcoal and leaves of Premna
odorata and Vitex negundo.
• Spraying with Biya orellana and
Capsicum frutescens
Charcoal Burning
• Charcoal is used as a domestic fuel
for cooking and heating.
- Ham-ak method (Cebu) -
wood is piled on a slope above
ground and then covered with
grass, weeds, banana leaves and a
layer of soil before fire is put to it.
- Tinabonan approach - a
charcoal pit is dug on a slope, filled
with wood and covered with a
metal sheet after lighting.
Weaving
▪ one of the most precious living

traditions that are kept until today

Examples:
▪ Piña cloth (Antique)

▪ Abaca fiber

▪ Baskets (Cordillera)
Jewelry Making
▪ Two major product categories of
jewel industry:

- Precious metal jewelry

- Pearls, precious stones, and
semi-precious stones
Pottery
▪ designs are usually geometric with

stylized nature motifs

Examples:
▪ Palayok
▪ Banga and tapayan
▪ Kalan
▪ Burnay (Ilocos sur)
Wood Carving
▪ Philippine sculpture is the most

familiar art from among Filipinos

▪ Examples:
▪ Anitos

▪ Santos
▪ Statues of Christ and Blessed
Mother
Tattoo
▪ The practice was common among
the major warrior groups in the
Cordillera.
▪ Batok is an inscription of culture on
the body that can focus on religion,
politics, warfare and rituals.
- Butbut Kalinga – whatok
- Kalinga and Ifugao- batók
- Bontoc - fatek
- Ilocano, Ibaloy, Lepanto
- Sagada - bátek
- Kankanaey - bátak
Ibaloi
▪ mummifying their dead, using salt
and herbs and set under fire,
mummy is placed inside a
pinewood coffin and laid to rest in a
man-made cave
▪ The Ibaloi used various coffin styles
to entomb their dead (ellipsoidal,
parallelepiped, carabao shape)
▪ Coffins were carved with
geometric, anthropomorphic
and/or zoomorphic patterns
Sangadil
What is your ambition as a Filipino citizen or
an individual? and your ambition for the
Philippines?
▪ the first medium-term plan anchored on a
national long-term vision which represents
the collective vision and aspirations of
Filipinos for themselves and for the country

▪ “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na

buhay”
- Spend time, with family and community.
- Enjoy a comfortable lifestyle.
- Feel secure about the future.
- Live long and healthy.
1. Building prosperous, predominantly middle-
class society where no one is poor;

2. Promoting a long and healthy life;

3. Becoming smarter and more innovative;

and

4. Building a high-trust society.

1. Inclusive growth

2. High trust and resilient society

3. Globally competitive knowledge economy

by 2022
1. Enhancing the social fabric (Malasakit)

2. Inequality-reducing transformation
(Pagbabago)

3. Increasing growth potential (Patuloy na

Pag-unlad)
Enhancing the social fabric (Malasakit)

▪ Greater trust in public institutions

▪ People centered, clean and efficient
▪ Justice will be swift and fair
▪ Awareness about and respect for the
diversity of our cultures
Inequality – reducing transformation
(Pagbabago)

▪ Greater economic opportunities

▪ Access to these opportunities will be made
easier
▪ Attention to disadvantage subsectors and
people groups
Increasing growth potential (Patuloy na
Pag-unlad)

▪ Adopt modern technology

▪ Innovation in research and development
▪ Population growth management
▪ Human capital development