1

úiqoaOckú,diskS kï wmodkÜGl:dj ms<sn| uQ,sl wOHhkhla

úfoHdoh msßfjfKa wdpdhH_" fn!oaO yd md,s úYajúoHd,fha ndysr lÓldpdhH_" rdclSh mKaä;" Ydia;%m;s fndaod.u
iqukfcda;s ysñ

nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska mkaid,sia jila uq¿,af,a foaYkd lrk ,o W;=ï Y%S ioaO¾uhg
w¾:újrK bÈßm;a lrñka iïmdokh jQ idys;Hh" wgqjd idys;Hh kñka ye¢kafõ' fmf<ys tk
.eUqre mohla fyda ia:dkhla f;areï hk mßÈ w¾: újrK iemhSu wgqjdj,ska isÿflfrk uQ,sl
ld¾hhla úh' ;%smsglhg wh;a iEu lD;shlg u wgqjd .%ka: iïmdokh ù ;sfnk w;r Lqoaol
ksldhg wh;a wmodkmd<shg iïmdokh jQ úiqoaOckú,diskS kï wmodkÜGl:dj ms<sn| uQ,sl
wOHhkhla fuys § isÿ fõ'
wmodkmd<s
wmodk md<sh uQ,sl jYfhka fldgia y;rlg j¾.SlrKh fjhs' tkï" 1' nqoaOdmodkh 2'
mÉfplnqoaOdmodkh 3' f:rdmodkh 4' f:Í wmodkh hkqfjks' fuys nqoaOdmodkfhys yd
mÉfplnqoaOdmodkfhys nqÿka jykafiaf.a fyda mfia nqÿka jykafia,df.a wmodk Èia fkdfõ'
nqoaOdmodkfhys we;=<;a jkafka ;%smsglfhys wka ;efkl i|yka fkdjk nqÿrÿkaf.a
ufkdam%KsOdkh hs' mÉfplnqoaOdmodkfhys mfianqÿjrekaf.a kï oelaùulska f;drj ta ta mfia
nqÿkajykafia úiska ;u;ukaf.a mÉfpl nqoaO;ajh ,eîug wruqKq jQ lreKq ms<sn| m%ldY l<
.d:d jYfhka iq;a;ksmd;fha L.a.úidK iQ;%fha we;=<;a .d:d Wmqgd olajd ;sfí' f:r-f:Í
wmodkhkays we;=<;a jkafka ießhq;a wdÈ f;reka jykafia,d úiska Wkajykafia,df.a mQ¾jpß;
m%ldY lsÍu i|yd fyj;a ish úuqla;h s g mokï jQ mQ¾jl¾u m%ldY lsÍï jYfhka bÈßm;a l<
.d:d h'
wmodk Yíoh pß;h hk w¾:fhys Èiajk nj je,súáfha fidr; kdysñfhda wmodkÜGl:d
i[a[dmkfhys § mji;s'1 md,s isxy, wldrdÈfhys zzÔjk pß;h" WmfoaYh" bj;aùuZZ2 hk w¾:;a"
md,s isxy, YíofldaIfhys zzpß;h" hful=f.a Ôjkpß;h" mqrdjD;a;phH_dj" fNaohZZ3 hk w¾:;a
bÈßm;a fõ' nqoaOdmodkfhys fláfhka fyda zznqÿka jykafia §m`Ùlr mdouQ,fhys ksh; újrK
,eîu" idrdi`ÙLH l,am,CIhla fmreïoï msÍu" fji;=re wd;au Ndjh" ;=is; Njkfhys § ñksia
f,dj bm§ug jQ n%yaudrdOkh" isÿy;a l=ure my< jQ wjia:dfjys jQ m%d;sydhH_" i;r fmrksñ;s
oelSu" wNsksIal%uKh" ÿIalrl%shd" nqoaOFjhg m;aùuZZ hkdÈ f;dr;=re we;=<;a úh hq;= jqj o" ta
lsisjla fyda we;=<;a ù fkdue;' tfuka u mÉfpl nqoaOdmodkfhys o mfianqÿka jykafia,d lsysm
kula úiska ;u ;ukaf.a l¾uia:dk m%lg lsÍug yd flf<ia m%ydKh lsÍu m%lg lsÍug jod<
Wodk .d:d yer wka pß; úia;rhla we;=<;a fkdfõ'
wmodk Yíoh zldrK" .%yK" wm.uk" mámdá" wdfl%dYkZ wdÈ w¾:hkays m%lg jk nj
wmodkÜGl:dj mjihs' fuys ldrK hk w¾:fhys ^nqÿnjg" mfianqÿ njg" uyry;a njg fya;=
lreKq& wmodk hk moh fhfok nj tys ;jÿrg;a olajd we;' ta wkqj nqÿka jykafia,df.a
wmodkh hkq nqoaOdmodkh fyj;a nqoaOldrKh hs'4 fiiq wmodk o tfia u h' nqÿ" mfianqÿ" uyry;a
hk ;=ka;rd fndaêfhka tla fndaêhlg m;a j ks¾jdKdjfndaOh msKsi mokï jQ lreKq fuys §
uyry;a f;r-f;rKs W;=uka fj;ska m%ldYs; j we;' m%Odk jYfhka wmodk md<sh f:rdmodkh

1
—wmodkioafod mkdZhx pß;;af: j;a;;s'˜
úiqoaOckú,diskS kdu wmodkÜGl:d ¸" i[a[dmkx" fyajdú;drK uqøKh" ¸¸¸ msgqj'
2
nqoaOo;a; kdysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" ^1998&" md,s isxy, wldrdÈh" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" 37 msgqj'
3
isß iquå., ysñ" uä;shfj," ^2011" md,s isxy, YíofldaIh" fidaudj;S fyajdú;drK Ndrh" 63 msgqj'
4
—wmodkka;s tF: wmodkioafod ldrK.yKwm.ukmámdáwlafldikdÈiq Èiai;s' ''' bO mk ldrfK Èiai;s' ;iaud
nqoaOdkx wmodkdks - nqoaOdmodkdks nqoaOldrKdkS;s wfF:d'˜
úiqoaOckú,diskS kdu wmodkÜGl:d ¸" fyajdú;drK uqøKh" 85 msgqj'
 2

yd f:ß wmodkh jYfhka fojeoEreï fõ' f:rdmodkfhys j¾. 56 la o" wmodk 559 la yd .d:d
6450 la wka;¾.; fõ' tfuka u f:ß wmodkfhys j¾. 04 la o" wmodk 40 la yd .d:d 1336 la o
wka;¾.; h' ta wkqj iuia; wmodk md<sh j¾. 60 lska o" wmodk 599 la yd .d:d 7796 lska o
iukaú; h' cd;l fuka fuh o fldgia follg fnfoa' tlla j¾;udk Ôú;h yd wfkl w;S;
Wm;a ms<sn| j h'
f;r - f;rKSka jykafia,d fj;ska m%ldYs; wmodk ms<sn| úuiSfï§ tys wdlD;sluh jYfhka
jk ,CIK lsysmhla y÷kd.; yelsh' tkï"
1. ye¢kaùu
2. w;S; nqÿrcdKka jykafia,d yuqfõ ù¾h bmsoùu
3. m%ikak jQ is;ska u lrK ,o m%d¾:kdj
4. l< msxlïj, wdksixi ,eîu
5. mQ¾j l¾u wdj¾ckh fyda m%ldY lsÍu hkq hs'

wmodk md<sfhys olakg ,efnk ;j;a iqúfYaIS lreKla kï ta ta ;eke;a;ka úiska ;u ;ukag
yels wjia:djkays § lrK ,o f,dl=" l=vd msxlïj, iajNdjh hs' mqKH l¾u i|yd úhoï lrK
,o uqo, fyda fN!;sl iïm;aj, m%udKh fuka u ta ta øjHj, jákdlu mqKH l¾uh n,j;a
lsÍu i|yd n,md fkdue;s w;r ta ta msxlï isÿlrKq ,nk wjia:dj,§ ta ta mskalu ms<sn| j ;u
;ukaf.a is; myojd.;a wdldrh muKla tys wdksixi mCIh n,d;aul lsÍu msKsi WmldÍ ù
;sfí' tfia u ;u ;uka úiska lrK ,o mqKH l¾uhg wkqrEmS j ta ta ;eke;a;kag ry;a jQ
Njfhys fndfyda fihska kï ,eî ;sîu o úfYaI;ajhls' ksoiqkla f,i iSydikodhl f;rekaf.a
wmodkh oelaúh yelsh'5 fmr Njfha iSydikhla ms§u lrK fldgf.K wjika Njfhys §
iSydikodhl f;reka hehs kï fldg we;' ksjk wjfndaO lr.kq leue;af;ka ta ta mskalï
isÿlsÍfï jákdlu wjfndaO lr.ekSfuys ,d wmodkmd<sh wOHhkh lsÍu b;du;a jeo.;a fõ'
wmodkÜGl:d
wmodkmd<shg iïmdokh lrk ,o wgqjdj —úiqoaOckú,diskS˜ hk kdufhka y÷kajd ;sfí' fuu
wgqjdj iïmdokh lrk ,o l;=jrhd iïnkaOfhka fyda ld,h iïnkaOfhka fyda ksYaÑ;
ks.ukhla fkdue;'
—w,afmaÉP;d§ .=K we;s" ia:úr jxYhg m%§m jQ wdkkaofF:rd§ ish¨ i;ajhkaf.a ;Kayd-
udk-ÈÜÀ wdÈh is£udÈh msKsi i;auilska w;sYh wdrdOkfhka ,nk ,o fl!Y,Hfhka
fndaêiïNdrh fidhkakd jQ iauD;s-OD;s-.;s-úßh-mrdl%ufhka hqla; jQ uydiduka; .=K
fYdaNkfhka hq;a ;%smsglOdÍ mKaä;fhl= úiska isxy, oaùmfhka f.k tk ,oaod jQ fï
wmodk wgqjdj ifoajlf,dalhd oek.kSjd˜6
hk m%ldYfhka wmodkÜGl:dj ksudjg m;afõ' nqoaOf>daIdÈ wgqjdpdÍka jykafia,d úiska
iïmdÈ; wgqjdjkays fuka fuys l;=jrhd ms<sn| ksYaÑ; ks.ukhlg meñKSug wejeis idol úr,
h' by; m%ldYh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrk fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; kdysñhka i|yka lrkq
,nkafka fmd; ,shQ njla tu m%ldYfhys fkdlshfj;;a isxy, f;rjreka wdY%h lrñka i;auila
furg jdih fldg fuu fmd; md,sfhka ,shdf.k .sh nj hs' Wkajykafia woyia lrk wdldrhg
fuu f;rku nqreu fyda ishï f;rkula úh yelsh' ,laÈj wdkkao kñka jev isá m%lg
f;rjreka fokula ms<sn| i|yka fõ' bka m<uqjekakd wNsO¾uuQ,àldj ,shQ ysñmdkka h' t;=ud
uydmrdl%undyq ld,hg fmr úiqfjls' fojeks wdkkaodpd¾h;=ud ÈUq,d., úiQ fïOxlr
udysñhkaf.a YsIHfhls' Wkajykafia fofjks mrdl%undyq ld,hg wdikak ld,hl úiQ ysñkuls'

5
tu ¸ - 98 msgqj'
6
tu ¸¸ - 456 msgqj'
 3

wmodk wgqjdfõ i|yka jkafka fuu fojeks wdkkao f;reka nj;a" ta wkqj fuu wgqjdj ,shejqfKa
l%s'j' 1250 § muK nj;a fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; kdysñhkaf.a woyi hs'7
wmodk wgqjdfõ m%:u Nd.h ixialrKh lrk ,o je,súáfha fidr; kdysñhkaf.a woyi ù
;sfnkafka fuu wgqjdj ljfrl= úiska" flÈkl" ljfrl=f.a wdrdOkfhka lrk ,oaola oehs
flfiaj;a o;fkdyels nj hs' .%ka:jxih kï lD;shla iïmdokh l< nqreu jeis NsCIqjla úiska
i|yka fldg ;sfnkafka wmodk wgqjdj o mruúiqoaOioaOdnqoaê iïmkak nqoaOf>daI uydf;reka
úiska lrk ,oaola nj hs' tfy;a lD;sfhys olakg ,efnk jia;= úIh yd NdId ffY,sh flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lrk fidar; ysñfhda tu woyi yd tl`. fkdfj;s'8 tfiau wgqjdfjys we;eï
;ekays lÉpdhk jHdlrKfhys we;=<;a iuyr iQ;% we;=<;a jk fyhska lÉpdhk jHdlrK .%ka:h
iïmdokh ùfuka miq hq.hl fuu wgqjdj rpkd jQ njg lreKq olaj;s'
fuu wgqjdfjys oaú;Sh Nd.h ixialrKh lrk ,o j,f.or fidaudf,dal ysñhkaf.a woyi ù
;sfnkafka NdId fl!Y,Hfhka msßmqka nqreu jeis f;rkula úiska oUfoKs rdcH hq.fha
l,sld,idys;HmKaä; mrdl%undyq rc iufhys fuu wgqjdj iïmdokh lrk ,oehs wkqudk l<
yels nj hs'9 tfy;a th tfia hehs ikd: lsÍug ksis idol lsisjla lsis;efkl fkdolakd ,o nj
o ish i[a[dmkfhys Wkajykafia i|yka lr;s' by; lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï §
meyeÈ,s jkqfha wmodk wgqjdj fiiq wgqjdjkag miqld,Skj wgqjdlrKh ms<sn| ukd ksmqK;ajhla
m< fkdl< h;sjrfhl= fj;ska iïmdokh jQ lD;shla nj hs'
lD;sh wdrïNfhys l;=jrhd i|yka lrk wdldrhg mqrdK w¾:l:d kHdh weiqre fldg úfYaI
w¾: m%ldY jk fia" úreoaO w¾: ÿrefldg úfYaI j¾Kkdjla jYfhka fuu w¾:j¾Kkdj
isÿfldg ;sfí'10 tys§ l;=jrhd wkq.ukh fldg ;sfnk úfYaI l%uh jkafka ta ta wmodkhg
wod<j ljfrl= úiska ^flk&" fld;kl§ ^l;a:&" ljrod ^lod&" l=uk w¾:hla msKsi foaYkd lrk
,o o ^lsu;a:x Ndis;x& hkdÈ f,iska újrKh lsÍu hs'11 tlS wmodkhdf.a w¾:j¾Kkdj isÿlsÍfï
§ wdrïNhg u bÈßm;a jkafka fndai;a isß; - nqÿisß; yd iïnkaO z¥fr ksodk" wú¥fr ksodk"
ika;sfl ksodkZ ixLHd; ksodk;%h bÈßm;a lsÍu hs' fufia wÜGl:dj wdrïNfhys ksodkh
bÈßm;a lsÍu fndfyda wgqjdjkays olakg ,efnk uQ,sl ,CIKhla jk w;r wmodk wgqjdlre
úiska o tu u. wkq.ukh fldg we;' tys§ l;=jrhd úiska by; ksodk;%h ms<sn| w¨;ska hula
i|yka lrkq fjkqjg nqoaOjximd<sfha we;=<;a .d:d uQ,sl lr.ksñka cd;lÜGl:dfjys bÈßm;a
lrk ,o ksodkh u Wmqgd oelaùu isÿfldg we;' fï i|yd uqøs; msgq 83 la fjka ù ;sfí'
wk;=rej olakg ,efnkafka zwíNka;rksodkjKaKkdjZ hs' tys§ nqoaO" mÉfplnqoaO" f:r" f:Í
hk wmodk ms<sn| jpkd¾: jYfhka yd m%udKd;aul jYfhka y÷kajd§ula isÿflf¾' nqoaO hk
jpkh —nqÊCê;d iÉpdkS;s nqoafOd" fndfO;d mcdhd;s nqoafOd" iín[aû;dh nqoafOd"
iínoiaidú;dh nqoafOd" úiú;dh nqoafOd" ÅKdiji`ÙLdf;k nqoafOd" ksremlalsf,ii`ÙLdf;k
nqoafOd" mínÊcdi`ÙLdf;k nqoafOd" wÿ;sh;af:k nqoafOd" ;Kaydh mydk;af:k nqoafOd"
tldhku.a.`Ù.f;d;s nqoafOd" tfld wkq;a;rx iïud iïfndêx wNsiïnqoafOd;s nqoafOd"
wnqoaêúy;;a;d nqoaê má,dNd nqoafOd '''˜12 wdÈ jYfhka ksrela;sl:k rdYshla wkqidrfhka nqoaO
hk mofhys w¾:h meyeÈ,s lsÍug lghq;= fldg ;sfí' fuys nqoaOdmodkh ms<sn| lreKq olajk
wgqjdpdÍka jykafia —;x ys ÿúOx( l=i,dl=i,jfik˜13 hkqfjka nqoaOdmodkh l=i, - wl=i,
jYfhka fojeoEreï jk nj olaj;s' wíNka;rksodkjKaKkdjg wk;=rej wmodkÜGl:dj

7
nqoaOo;a; kdysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" ^1998&" md,s idys;Hh" r;ak fmd;a m%ldYlfhda" 219-220 msgq'
8
úiqoaOckú,diskS kdu wmodkÜGl:d ¸" i[a[dmkx" fyajdú;drK uqøKh" ¸¹ msgqj'
9
tu ¸¸ - ¸¹ msgqj'
10
tu ¸ - 01 msgqj'
11
tu - 01 msgqj'
12
tu - 83 msgqj'
13
tu - 86 msgqj'
 4

wrUñka ^bodks wíNka;rksodkdkka;rx wmodkÜGl:x lf:;=ldfud '''& nqoaOdmodkfhys we;=<;a

.d:djkag w¾:j¾Kkdj l=i,dmodkh jYfhka bÈßm;a flfrk w;r th ksuùfuka miq
iïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag úúO wd§kjhkag uqyqK§ug isÿ jQ wl=i,dmodkh o tys u olajd ;sfí'
^tjfuj nqoaOdmodkx l=i,dmodkjfik ksÜGdfm;ajd ;foj wl=i,dmodkjfik ú;a:dfr;=x '''&14
mqínlïumsf,d;sl wmodkfhys §¾> jYfhka úia;r l< hq;= lreKq fuys olajk l;=jrhd
mqínlïumsf,d;sl wmodkfhys ta ms<sn| lsisjla i|yka fkdlrhs' tksid tlS wmodkhg wod<
úia;r o nqoaOdmodkh ;=<ska u o;hq;= h'
iïnqoaOfoaYkdjg w¾:j¾Kkd iemhSfï § úia;r újrK iemhsh hq;= mo f;dard.ekSfï ksoyi
wgqjdpdÍka jykafia i;= úh' nqoaOf>daIdÈ wgqjdpdÍka jykafia,d wkq.ukh l< u.g fjkia
u.la wkq.ukh lrk wmodk wgqjdpdÍka jykafia wmodkmd<sfhys tk .d:djkays we;=<;a iEu
mohlg u mdfya w¾:j¾Kkd iemhSug W;aiql ù ;sfí' ta wkqj m%lg w¾: we;s mohkag mjd w¾:
iemhSu isÿ fldg we;' ksoiqkla f,i wmodkmd<sfha tk my; oelafjk .d:djg iemfhk
w¾:j¾Kkdj bÈßm;a l< yelsh'
—ÿfj Nfj mcdkdñ foj;af; w: udkqfi"
w[a[x .;sx k cdkdñ ukid m;a:kdM,x˜15
ÿfj Nfj oafj cd;sfh mcdkdñ' foj;af; foj;a;Ndfj udkqfi ukqiai;a;Ndfj"
;f;d cd;soajhf;d w[a[x .;sx w[a[x Wmam;a;sx k cdkdñ k irdñ ukid
Ñ;af;k m;a:kd M,x m;aÓ;m;a:kd M,ka;s w;af:d'16
fuu l%ufõoh wmodk wgqjdfõ fndfyda ;ekays olakg ,efnkakls'
nqoaOdmodkfhka wk;=rej mÉfplnqoaOdmodkhg wod< w¾:j¾Kkdj bÈßm;a fõ' iq;a;ksmd;fha
we;=<;a L.a.úidKiQ;%fhys oelafjk .d:d iuQyh fuys mÉfplnqoaOdmodkh jYfhka we;=<;a
jk w;r thg w¾:j¾Kkd imhk wgqjdpdÍka jykafia —;;a: iífniq N+f;iQ;s
L.a.úidKmÉfplnqoaOdmodkiq;a;x" ld Wmam;a;s@ iíniq;a;dkx p;=íìOd Wmam;a;s '''˜17 wdÈ
jYfhka iq;a;ksmd;ÜGl:dfjys we;=<;a wod< j¾Kkdj u f.Kyer oelaùu isÿfldg ;sfí'
wmodkÜGl:dfõ wvlg wdikak m%udKhla by; nqoaOdmodk j¾Kkdj yd mÉfplnqoaOdmodk
j¾Kkdj fjkqfjka fjka ù we;' wk;=rej f:rdmodk j¾Kkdj wdrïN fõ' tys jeä wjOdkhla
fhduq ù ;sfnkafka w;S; l:dj f.Kyer oelaùu i|yd h' idßmq;a;" fud.a.,a,dk" uydliaim
wdÈ m%uqL Y%djlhka jykafia,d ms<sn| lshefjk wmodk yer fiiq fndfyda wmodkhkag wod<
úia;r j¾Kkd bÈßm;a ù ;sfnkafka fláfhks' iq.kaO f;rekaf.a wmodkfhka w¾:j¾Kkdj
ksudlrk l;=jrhd —b;s úiqoaOckú,diskshd wmodkÜGl:dh t;a;dj;d nqoaOmÉfplnqoaOidjl-
fF:rdmodkÜGl:d ksÜÀ;d˜18 hkqfjka olajhs' f:Í wmodkhg wod< lsis÷ w¾:j¾Kkdjla fuys
olakg fkd,efí' lskï fya;=jla ksid f:Í wmodkhkag wod< w¾:j¾Kkd bÈßm;a fkdlrk ,o
oehs meyeÈ,s ke;' iuyr úfgl w¾:h iq.u hehs l,amkd l< fyhska w¾:j¾Kkd bÈßm;a lsÍu
w;HjYH fkdfõ hehs ie,l+ fyhska f:rdmodkfhka w¾:j¾Kkd iemhSu ksudl<d úh yelsh'
;%smsgl iïnqoaO foaYkh w<,d iïmdokh jQ wgqjdjka w;r uQ,sl wgqjd .%ka:hkag miq lf,l
iïmdokh ù ;sfnk wmodk wgqjdj mqkrela;fodaI - jHdlrKfodaIdÈ fkdfhla fodaIhkaf.ka
¥Is; wgqjdjla f,i ie,fla' fï ms<sn| woyia olajk fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; kdysñhka úiska
fidar; kdysñhkaf.a by; lreK iïnkaOfhka olajk ,o woyi yd tl`. jk w;r wo ;sfnk

14
tu - 94 msgqj'
15
wmodkmd<s" 54 .d:dj" 08 msgj
q '
16
úiqoaOckú,diskS kdu wmodkÜGl:d ¸" fyajdú;drK uqøKh" 92 msgqj'
17
tu - 115 msgqj'
18
tu ¸¸ - 456 msgqj'
 5

wgqjd fmd;aj,ska b;du my;a ;ek ,efnkafka fï fmd;g nj;a" wmodkmd<sh wgqjdjla ,sùug
;rï .eUqre fmd;la fkdjk ksid O¾umd,d§ mQ¾jdpd¾hhka jykafia,d úiska fuhg wgqjdjla
iïmdokh fkdlrk ,o nj;a miq lf,l yeu fm< fmd;lg u wgqjd ;sìh hq;= hehs ie,l+
wdpd¾hjrfhl= úiska fuh ,shkakg we;s njg;a lreKq olajd ;sfí'19 je,súáfha fidar;
kdysñmdkka fmkajd fok wdldrhg wmodkÜGl:dfõ m<uqj w¾:j¾Kkd iemhQ mohkag o yuq
jQ yuq jQ ;ek kej; w¾:j¾Kkd iemhSu" wmodkmd<sfha we;=<;a .d:djkays moiïnkaOh iqfndaO
;ekays moiïnkaOh kej; olajd wdl+,jHdl+, lsÍu" w;sYhska iqfndaO mohkag mjd w¾:újrK
iemhSfuka .%ka: mßudKh úYd, njg m;alsÍu" ziïnkaOZ hk moh yd zw;af:dZ hk moh nyq,
f,i Ndú; lsÍudÈ fodaIhka olakg ,efí'20 tksid m%nqoaO ckhdf.a w;sYh Ñ;a;drdOkdjg
fkdm;a wgqjd.%ka:hla f,i wmodkÜGl:dj y÷kajd§ug isÿ fõ'

19
nqoaOo;a; kdysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" ^1998&" md,s idys;Hh" r;ak fmd;a m%ldYlfhda" 219 msgqj'
20
úiqoaOckú,diskS kdu wmodkÜGl:d ¸" i[a[dmkx" fyajdú;drK uqøKh" ¸¹ msgqj'