1.

**Sea Urchins (Echinoderms)**:

- **Indirect Development**: Sea urchins typically undergo indirect development, which involves a
larval stage known as a pluteus larva. After external fertilization, the fertilized egg develops into a free-
swimming larva that undergoes metamorphosis into a juvenile sea urchin. During metamorphosis, the
larva undergoes significant morphological changes to adopt the adult body plan.

2. **Other Echinoderms**:
- **Indirect Development**: Similar to sea urchins, other echinoderms such as starfish also undergo
indirect development with a larval stage. The specifics of the larval stage may vary among echinoderm
species, but generally, it involves a free-swimming larva that undergoes metamorphosis into a juvenile
organism.

3. **Mollusks**:
- **Varied Development Processes**:
- **Direct Development**: Some mollusks undergo direct development, where the embryo develops
directly into a miniature version of the adult without passing through a larval stage. This is common in
terrestrial and freshwater mollusks, such as certain types of snails.
- **Indirect Development**: Many marine mollusks, such as certain types of snails and bivalves,
undergo indirect development with a larval stage. After external fertilization, the fertilized egg develops
into a free-swimming larva that undergoes metamorphosis into a juvenile mollusk.

4. **Amphibians**:
- **Indirect Development**: Amphibians typically undergo indirect development with a larval stage,
transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial habitats during their life cycle. After external fertilization, the
fertilized egg develops into a free-swimming larva, such as a tadpole in frogs and toads. The larva
undergoes metamorphosis into a juvenile amphibian with adult characteristics, including limbs and lungs.

5. **Reptiles**:
- **Varied Development Processes**:
- **Oviparous Development**: Many reptiles, such as turtles, crocodiles, and most snakes and lizards,
are oviparous and undergo direct development after laying eggs. The eggs are typically laid in nests on
land, where they are incubated until hatching. The embryo develops within the egg, and the hatchling
emerges as a miniature version of the adult.
 - **Viviparous Development**: Some reptiles, particularly certain species of snakes and lizards, are
viviparous and give birth to live young. The embryo develops internally within the mother's body, where
it receives nourishment through a placenta or yolk sac before being born as a fully formed offspring.

6. **Mammals**:
- **Viviparous Development**: Mammals are viviparous and give birth to live young. After internal
fertilization, the embryo develops within the mother's body, where it receives nourishment through a
placenta or yolk sac during gestation. Mammalian embryos undergo extensive development within the
mother's womb, and the newborn offspring are typically well-developed and resemble miniature versions
of the adult.

These descriptions provide a general overview of the development processes among the groups
mentioned, but there can be variations within each group and among different species based on factors
such as habitat, ecology, and evolutionary adaptations.