Seminar TE STP

TE Seminar 301006
Seminar Report
On
DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
SUBMITTED BY
ADITYA ANIL SAPKALE
SEAT NO
TE - 2011111
GUIDED BY
Prof . Aparna Gaikwad
I
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AKURDI, PUNE
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE
2022-23
D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following student has satisfactorily carried out the
TE seminar work entitled DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
This work is being submitted for the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus
of Third Year Civil Engineering under Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune for
the academic year 2022-2023.
This seminar report has not been earlier submitted to any other Institute or
University for the award of any degree or diploma.
Name Of Student Seat No

Aditya Anil Sapkale TE -2011111
Name Of Guide Head of Department

Prof . Aparna Gaikwad Dr. Ashok More
Date
II
D.Y. Patil College of Engineering
Akurdi, Pune -44, India
Examination Approval Sheet

The Seminar Report entitled

By
ADITYA ANIL SAPKALE

Is approved for the Third Year Civil Engineering under Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune
Examiners :
1. Internal Examiner : ___________
2. Seminar Coordinator : ___________
Date :-
III
D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Declaration by the Student
Date
I, Aditya Anil Sapkale have completed my seminar report entitled “ DESIGN

OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT ” in all respect. I hereby take full
responsibility of the result of the research work and hereby assure that the
information given is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. I hereby assure
that this work is free from plagiarism and wherever any previous research work is
referenced, it is so mentioned in the text. I understand that any violation of the
above will be cause for disciplinary / penal action by D Y Patil College of
Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University and from the sources which have
thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken
when needed.
Signature of the Student
Name of the Student: Aditya Anil Sapkale
Exam Seat no. : TE - 2011111
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our thanks to our guide Mrs. Aparna Gaikwad or her
technical guidance, valuable suggestions, and constant inspiration throughout the
seminar work.
We are thankful to Dr. Ashok B. More, Head of the Civil Engineering
Department for his immense support and advice in our endeavor.
We would like to express our greatest appreciation to the Principal Dr. Mrs. P.
Malathi who has been continuous source of encouragement and cooperation
throughout.
We are also grateful to all the faculty and staff members for their constant support
and help in completing our seminar work.
Name of student
Aditya Anil Sapkale
V
CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certificate ii
Examination Approval Sheet iii
Declaration iv
Acknowledgement v
List of Figures vii
List of tables vii
Abstract 1
1. Introduction 2
1.1. Scope of the projects 3
1.2. Objective 3
2. Literature Review 4
3. Methodology 6
3.1. Planning schedule 6
3.2. Selection of site 7
3.3 Problems Statement 9
3.4 Project Objective 9
4. Treatment of sewage 10
4.1.1 Preliminary Treatment 10
4.1.2 Primary treatment 10
4.1.3 Aerobic biological units 10
4.1.4 Anaerobic biological units 11

4.1.5 Tertiary treatment 11
4.2. Population forecast 11
4.3. Calculation of sewage generation 12

4.4. Degree of treatment 13
4.5. Design period 13
4.6. Location of treatment plant 13

4.7. Layout of treatment plant 13
4.8. Preliminary treatment 15
4.8.1 Types of screen 15
VI
4.8.2 Grit chamber 16
4.8.3 Primary treatment 17
4.9. Secondary treatment 18
5. Design of STP unit 21
5.1 Receiving Chamber 21
5.2 Screening 22
5.3 Grit Chamber 23
5.4 Primary Sedimentation Tank 24
5.5 Aeration Tank 25
5.6 Secondary Sedimentation Tank 27
5.7 Sludge drying bed 28
5.8 Sewer pipeline 28
6. Result 29
7. Case Study 30
8. Conclusion 32
9. Refereneces 33
LIST OF FIGURES
3.1 Flow chart of planning schedule 6
3.2 Map of vadgaon 7
3.3 layout map 8
3.4 Seepage of sewage water from drain 8
3.5 improper drainage 8
3.5 Grass on drainage 8
3.6 Water logging 8
4.7 Layout of sewage treatment plant 14
4.8.1 bar screen 15
4.8.2 horizontal floe grit chamber 17
4.9 rectangular settling tank 17
4.10 Activated sludge process 19
LIST OF TABLES
4.1 Population forecast arithmetic increase method 19
6.1 Plant details 29
7.2 specifications of Aurangabad sewage plant 31
VII
Seminar Report On “DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT”
ABSTRACT
The Vadgaon Tek is the small village in Pachora tell the increment in the
village population result in the increase of domestic sewage generation. but still
now there is no treatment plant.so it is required to construct a sewage treatment
plant with sufficient capacity to treat the increased sewage.
In this village study increase of population there will be more generation of
household and domestic sewage so there will be basic need of construction of
sewage treatment plant with a view of sufficient capacity to treat sewage a
sewage treatment plant is quite necessary to receive the domestic household waste
and the removing the materials which create harm for general public it's basic aim
or objective is to produce and environment save atmosphere by treated effluent or
sludge which will be suitable for disposal or reuse the project mainly deal with the
design of STP and its stages or components which are responsible for this EVS
treatment the project deals with screening chamber, grid chamber, skimming tank,
sedimentation tank ,secondary clarifier, activated sludge tank and sludge drying
beds.
The project cover the various dimensions of components such as which cover
and approximate population of 10000 including every house.
D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 1

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
Water whose physical, chemical or biological properties change as a result of the introduction of
certain substances which render it unsafe for purposes such as drinking and other uses treatment of
wastewater is necessary for the environmental health wastewater treatment can prevent pollution
prevention of pollution and there by protecting the environment and protecting the public health by safe
guarding water supplies and preventing the spread of water born diseases.
Sewage Treatment Plant is a facility designed receive the waste from domestic, commercial and
industrial sources and to remove materials that damage water quality and compromise public health and
safety when discharged into water receiving systems. It includes physical, chemical, and biological
processes to remove various contaminants depending on its constituents. Using advanced technology it is
now possible tore-use sewage effluent for drinking water.
The purpose of domestic wastewater treatment to provide a low- cost process that is reliable
meeting effluent quality standards. The contaminants in wastewater are removed by physical, chemical,
and biological means. The individual methods usually are classified as physical unit operations, chemical
unit processes, and biological unit processes. These operations and processes occuring a variety of
combinations in treatment systems. It has been found advantageous to study their scientific basis
separately because the principle involved do not change. Traditional design procedures for wastewater
treatment systems attempt to minimize total capital cost by considering steady.
State concepts for unit processes and design guidelines. Recent work has minimized capital as well
as operation and maintenance cost using a single objective function and steady state models which are
flawed because plant inputs vary as much as seven-fold during a 24-hour period.

1.1 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:
The scope of the project to provide healthy environment in rural area to avoid spreading diseases
and environmental pollution to make proper drainage system and provide healthy environment to people
living style.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
1. To study the present conditions of the selected area.

2. To Study the demo graphic growth of the area.
3. To determine quality and quantity of wastewater by local village area.
4. To protect human health and improve quality of life among people living in rural area.
5. To propose a simple design of sewage treatment plant.

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

Aswathy M Hemapriya “ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
(STP) OF APPARTMENTS IN CHENNAI (2017)”:
The project details with the study of domestic waste water collected by RUBY GRAND,
AGARAM main road MAPADU and subsequent design of sewage treatment plant. The sample water
collected from corresponding apartment and characterization for the same has been done and result has
been provided (pH, Total solid, Total dissolved solid, Alkanity , Hardness, Chlorine, Iron, Ammonia,
Nitrate, Phosphate, Residual Chloride) The sewage treatment plant is quiet necessary to receive the
domestic and commercial waste and removes the material with pose harm from the general public.
Deep Gupta “Design and analysis of sewage treatment plant(2017)”:

The College of Engineering Roorkee is one of the most important educational institutes in the
state of Uttarakhand with a large number of people residing in its campus consisting of a number of
laboratories of various departments, residential units, academic blocks and number of hostels. A study
on wastewater characterization of treatment plant will be performed followed by the design of
sewage treatment plant. The whole project study involves the analysis of pH value ,total solids ,total
suspended solids ,hardness ,acidity
,alkalinity ,chloride ,chlorine ,BOD ,COD ,DO & turbidity.
Yihuan Deng & Andrew Wheatley “Wastewater treatment in Chinese Rural Areas :
Asian Journal of Water , Environment and Pollution(2016)”:
In the last 10 years, the extent of wastewater treated in China has increased by57%, the great
amounts of sewage have threatened people’s health as well the natural environment. In the last 10 years,
the sewage treatment rate has improved, in December 2013, 99.1% of Chinese cities and 82.6% counties
have sewage treatment plants. This review paper describes the current situation and has suggestion of
how to overcome future sewage problems especially water pollution in China from domestic, agriculture
and industrial sectors.
Farid Ansari & Yashwant K. Pandey: “Conceptual Design Wastewater

Treatment Plant for the Dera Bassi Industrial Estate, Punjab (2013)”:
There are two fundamental reasons for treatment of wastewater viz.,prevention of pollution and
thereby protecting the environment, and protecting the Public health by safe guarding water supplies and
preventing the spread of water borne diseases.

Swati Shree Samal: “Design of Sewage Treatment Plant(2016)”:

Metro satellite has become as important complex locality near the place Palasuni of Bhubaneswar. As the
city of temples, occupied the opposition in the recent survey of 100 smart cities, there will be an increase
not only economically but also there will be rise in population along with infrastructural works. So there
is a substantial possibility of rise in population in Metro Satellite area of Palasuni. With this steady
increase of population, there will be more generation of household and domestic sewage. So there is a
basic need of construction of a Sewage Treatment Plant with a view of sufficient capacity to treat the
sewage. A sewage treatment plant is quite necessary to receive the domestic and household waste and
thus removing the materials which creates harms for general public.
G. ChandraKant: “Design & Performance Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment

Plant- Dat Tirumala(2015)”
The increasing of population in pilgrimage area Tirumala near Tirupati in Chittoor District of Andhra
Pradesh, observed as a result of the development of the modern societies is accompanied by concerns in
the water sector, as a result of the increasing requirements for water supply and wastewater treatment.
This situation just I fies the evaluation of the system performance that covers protection of water
resources &management. Poorly treated wastewater with high levels of pollutant s caused by poor
design, operation or maintenance of treatment systems creates major environmental problems, when such
wastewater is discharged to surface water or on land.

CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY
3.1 PLANNING SCHEDULE:
The design Sewage treatment process initially started from the selection of the site then studied
present scenario then need to collect a data and analysis this data for final result the flowchart is show the
process of the work.
SELECTION OF SITE 7 Days
PRESENT SCENARIO 5 Days
15 Days
DATA COLLECTION
DATA ANYLISIS 2 Months
CALCULATIONS 5 Months
RESULT AND CONCLUSION 2 Months
Figure3.1: Flowchart of Planning Schedule

3.2 SELECTION OF SITE:

For the study purpose Vadgaon village has been selected with a household of 800. It is
located at Pachora Taluka District Jalgaon Maharashtra. The latitude 20.6692N and Longitude 75.3494E
the mean sea level height is 261m.
Map of India Map of Maharashtra
Fig 3.2 MAP OF VADGAON

Fig 3.3 LAYOUT MAP
PRESENT SCENARIO
Fig 3.4:Seepage of sewage water from drain Fig 3.5 . Improper Drainage
Fig 3.6:Grass on drainage Fig. 3.7 :Water Logging

3.3 Problems statement

With the population of 10,115 residents the town take requires mechanical wastewater treatment
plant. Hivara river is running adjacent to the village. This project is measured to design mechanical
wastewater treatment plan for treating the sewage generated from the village.
3.4 Project objective

The objective of this project is to design a wastewater treatment facility that should-
• provide wastewater treatment so that effluent quality meets criteria set by regulatory guidelines.
• Adequately disposed the biosolids by transferring or dumping to landfill.
• Provided _process trains with each train design to process up to 70% of load to allow down time form a
in without disrupting treatment process.
Background-
Vadgaon Bk. Pr. Pachora is a medium size village located at 3 km from pachora taluka of Jalgaon
district, Maharashtra with total 930 Population according to 2011 census the average population of the
town was estimated 800. The total geographical area of village is 530 hectares. The wastewater of the
Village is discharged into river flowing adjacent to it.
Methods of forecasting population:

I. Arithmatical increase method
II. Geometric increase method
III. Incremental increase method
IV. Decrease rate method
V. Simple graphical method
VI. Comparative graphical method
VII. Logistic Curve Method
Above all is the method of population forecasting for the project work we select Arithmetical Increase
method.

CHAPTER 4 : TREATMENT OF SEWAGE

The Treatment of sewage consists of many Complex functions. The degree of treatment
depends upon the characteristic of raw inlet sewage as well as the required effluent characteristics.
4.1 Treatment processes are often classified as

1) Preliminary treatment
2) primary treatment
3) secondary treatment
4) tertiary treatment
4.1.1 Preliminary treatment:

Preliminary treatment consists solely in separating the floating material like tree branches,
paper ,piece of rack ,wood etc. heavy settable inorganic solids. It helps in removal of oil and greases
and reduce the BOD by 15% to 30%. The process under these are:
• Screening - to remove floating papers, rags, clothes.
• Grit chamber - to remove grit and sand.
• Skimming tank - to remove oils and greases.
4.1.2 Primary treatment:

Primary treatment consist in removing large suspended organic solids. It is usually
accomplished by sedimentation in settling basins. The liquid effluent from the primary treatment of often
contain a large amount of suspended organic material and has a high BOD (about 60% of original).
matter carried out either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
4.1.3 Aerobic biological units:

1) Filters (intermittent sand filters, trickling filters)
2) Activated sludge plant (feed of active sludge, secondary settling tank and aeration tank)
3) Oxidation pond and Aerated Lagoons.

4.1.4 Anaerobic biological units:

1) Anaaerobic lagoons
2) Septic tanks
3) Imhoff tanks
The effluent from the secondary treatment container little bod 5% to 10% of original and may contain
several milligram per litre of DO.
4.1.5 Tertiary Treatment :

The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage to raise the effluent quality
before it is discharged to the receiving environment (sea, river, lake, ground etc.) more than one tertiary
treatment process may be used at any treatment plant. if disinfection is practiced, it is always the final
process. It also known as it "effluent polishing".
TABLE 4.2 POPULATION FORECAST:

Forecasting method: Arithmetical increase method
YEAR POPULATION X
1991 1145 2355
2001 3500 1200
2011 4700 930
2021 5630 X=4485/3 = 1495
2031 ?
2041 ?
2051 ?
❖ Pn+1 = P0 + nx Where n = no. of decades Base Period as 2031,

P2031 =5630 + 1*1495
P2031 = 7125
Intermediate design period as 2041,

P2041 = 7125 +1*1495
P2041 = 8620
Ultimate design period 2051,

P2051 = 8620 + 1*1495
P2051 = 10,115
At design period of 30 years the forecasted population of the Vadgaon Village is 10,115.

4.3 CALCULATION OF SEWAGE GENERATION :

Ultimate design period = 30 years
Forecasted population in 2051 = 10,115
Per capita water supply = 135 lpcd
Average water supply per day = Population * 135
= 10,115 * 135
= 1.36 MLD
Average sewage generation per day = 80% of Supplied Water
= 80/100 *1.36
= 1.156 MLD
Average sewage per hour = 1156/24 KLD

= 48.16 m3/hr
Peak Factor = 3
Design flow capacity = 48.16 * 3
= 144.48 m3/hr
Q = 0.0401 m3/sec or cumec

4.4 DEGREE OF TREATMENT :

Degree of treatment will mostly be decided by regulatory agencies and extend to which the
final product of treatment are to be utilized the regulatory body might have laid down standard for the
influent or might specify the condition under which the influent must be discharged into the natural
stream the myth of treatment adopters should not only meet the requirement of the regulatory body but
also result in the maximum use of the end product with economy.
4.5 DESIGN PERIOD :

The treatment plant is normally designed to meet the requirement over a 30-year period after its
completion the time lag between the design and completion should not normally exceed 23 years care
should be taken that the plant is not considerable e under loaded in the initial stages particularly the
sedimentation tank.
The ultimate design period should be 30 years and to that extent sufficient accommodation should
be provided for all the units necessary to cater to the need of ultimate population in some cases it may be
necessary to combine a number of sewer system with a common sewage treatment plant.
4.6 LOCATION OF TREATMENT PLANT :

Treatment plant should be located as near to the point of disposal as possible in the sea was as
to be disposed finally into the river the plant should be located near the river bank care should be taken
while locating the side that it should be on the downstream side on the city and sufficiently away from
water intake work if finally the sea was as to be applied on the land the treatment plant should be located
near the land at such a place from where the treated sea waves can directly flow under gravitational force
towards the disposal point the plant should not be much far away from the town to reduce the length of
the sewer line.
4.7 LAYOUT OF TREATMENT PLANT :

The following points should be kept in mind while giving layout of any sewage treatment plant.
• All the plant should be located in the order to sequence so that seaways from one process
should directly go to other process.

• If possible all the plant should be located at such elevation that seaways can 4 from one plant into
next under its force of gravity only.
• All the treatment unit should be arranged in the such way that minimum area is required it
will also ensure our economy in its cost.
• Sufficient area should be occupy for future extension.
• Staff kurta and office also should be provided near the treatment plant so that operators can wash
the plant easily.
• The site of treatment plant should be easily near and give very good appearance.
• Bypass and overflow weir should be provided to cut out operation any unit when required All
channels conduits should be laid in such a way as to obtain flexibility convenience
• economy in the operation.
❖ Process involved in sewage treatment

Sewage can be treated in different ways. Treatment process are often classified as
• Preliminary treatment
• Primary treatment
• Secondary treatment
• Final treatment
LAYOUT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Fig 4.7

4.8 Preliminary treatment

Preliminary treatment consists solely in separating the floating materials( like dead animals,
tree branches, papers,pieces of rags ,wood etc.) and also the heavy settleable inorganic solids. It also
helps in removing the oil and grease etc. from the sewage. This treatment reduces the BOD of wastewater
by about 15 to 30% .The process used for removing floating papers, rags, clothes, etc. Grit Chambers for
removing grit and sand,and skimming tanks for removing oil and greases.
4.8.1. Screening
Screening is the first unit operation used of wastewater treatment plants Screening removes
objects such as rags, papers, plastic and metals to prevent damage and clogging of downstream
equipment piping and appurtenances .Some of modern wastewater treatment plants used both coarse
screens and fine screens.
Types of screens:
Screen can be broadly classified depending upon the opening size provide as coarse screen and
fine screens. Based on the cleaning operation they are classified as cleaned screens or mechanically
cleaned screens .Due to need of more and more compact treatment facilities many advancement in the
screen design are coming up.
Fig. 4.8.1.
1 . Fine screen
Fine screens are mechanically cleaned screens using perforated plates , woven wire ,clothes or
very closely spaced bars with clear opening of less than 20 mm or less than 6 mm typical. Commonly
these are available in the opening size ranging from 0.035 to 6 mm. Fine screens are used for
pretreatment of industrial wastewaters and are not suitable for sewage due to clogging problems,but can
be used after coarse screening. Fine screens are also used to remove solids from primary effluent reduce
clogging problem of trickling filters.

2. Coarse screen
It is used pre-primary as protective device and hence used as first treatment unit. Common type
of the screens are bar racks, coarse ,woven wire ,screens and commutators. This screen can be manually
clean or mechanically cleaned. Manually cleaned screens are used in small treatment plants. Clear
spacing between the bars in the screens may be in the range of 15 mm to 40 mm.
4.8.2 Grit Chambers

Grit chamber is the second unit operation used in primary treatment of wastewater and it
intended to remove suspended inorganic particles such as Sandy and gritty matter from the wastewater.
This is usually limited to municipal wastewater and generally not required for industrial effluent
treatment plant, except some industrial wastewater which may have a grit. The grit chamber is used to
remove grit, consisting of sand, gravel ,cinder or other heavy solid material that have specific gravity
much higher than those of organic solids in wastewater.
Grit Chambers are provided to protect moving mechanical equipment from abrasion and
abnormal wear avoid deposition in pipeline channels and conduits and two reduce frequency of digester
cleaning. Separate removal of suspended inorganic solid in grid chamber and suspended organic solid in
primary sedimentation tank is necessary due to different nature and mode of disposal of these solid.
Principle of working of grit chamber

Great Chambers are nothing but like sedimentation tanks, designed to separate the intended
heavier inorganic material (specific gravity about 2.65) and to pass forward the lighter organic materials.
Hence the flow velocity should neither be too low as to cause the setting of lighter organic matter, Nor
should it be too high as not to cause as the settlement of the silt and grit present in the sewage. This
velocity is called "differential sedimentation and differential scouring velocity".

Fig. 4.8.2
4.9 Primary treatment:
Primary treatment consists in removing large suspended organic solid this is usually
accomplished by sedimentation in settling basins the liquid effluent from primary treatment often contain
a large amount of suspended organic material and has high BOD about 60% of organic sometimes the
preliminary as well as primary treatment all classified together under primary treatment
The primary settlement or sedimentation tank are designed to reduce the velocity of the
wastewater flow allowing heavier organic solid called Raw sludge to settle they are first stage of
treatment after the removal of rags and grit in the inlet work scrapper present in the tank move
continuously along the floor of the tank to deposit the raw sludge in happers for removal the scum which
float to the surface is directed by the water jets or slum boards to this sump the raw settles is remove by
pump or gravity to a sludge treatment process either on side or where tanker to a larger processing center
approximately 60% off suspended solids and 30% of bodies removal efficiency can be achieved at the
stage.
Fig. 4.9

4.10 Secondary treatment:

Secondary treatment involves further treatment of the influence coming from the primary
sedimentation tank this is generally accomplished through biological decomposition of organic matter
which can be carried out either under aerobic or aerobic condition in this biological units bacteria will
decompose define organic matter to produce clearet effluent.
The treatment reactor in which the organic material is decompose oxidation by aerobic
material are known as aerobic biological units and may consist of filters internal filter as well as
stickling filter aeration tank with the feed recycle activated sludge that is the sludge which is settled in
secondary sedimentation tank receiving influence from the aeration tank oxidation ponds and aerated
logoons since all this aerobic unit's generally make use of primary settles sewage they are easily
classified as secondary unit.
4.10.1. Activated sludge process:

The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment process for treating sewage the
general arrangement of an activated sludge processed for removing carbonitious pollution include the
following item and aerobic tank where air or oxygen is ijected in the mixed liquor this is followed by a
settling tank usually referred to as fine clarifier or secondary setting time to allow the biological flocs the
sludge separating the biological sludge from the clear treatment water
The general arrangement of an activated process for removing carbonaceous pollution includes devolving
item
• Addition tank where or oxygen is injected in the mixed liquor.
• Setting time to allow the biological flocs to settle the separate thing the biological sludg from the
clear treated water.
Treatment of nitrogen is matter what phosphate in ball additional step where the mixed
liquor is left in an object condition meaning that there is no residue dissolve oxygen

Fig. 4.10.1
4.10.2. Sludge production:
Activators sludge is also the name given to the actual biological material produced by
activated sludge plant excess large is called surplus activator sludge or waste activated sludge and is
removed from the treatment process to give the ratio of biomass to food supply in the west water in
balance this sewage is usually mixed with primary sludge from the primary clarifiers that undergoes
further sludge treatment for example by anerobic digestion followed by trickling dewatering composting
and land application
The amount of several produces from the activator's process is to directly proportional to the
amount of waste water treated the totals production consists the sum of primary sludge from the primary
sedimentation tank as well as water activator sludge from the bioreactor and the activators process
produces about 10 to 100 kg/ml of waste activated sludge a value of 80kg per ml is regarded as being
typical in additional about 110-170kg/ml primary sludge is produced in the primary sedimentation tanks
which most but not all of the activated sludge process configuration use
4.10.3. Process control

The general process control method is to monitor sludge blanket level SBI sludge volume index
MCRT means sale resistance time FM food to microorganism as well as the biota of the activated sludge
and the major nutrients duo dissolved oxygen nitrogen for phosphate body biochemical oxygen
demand and COD chemical oxygen demand in the reactor and clarifier system the sludge blanket is
measure from the bottom of clarifier to the level of settled solids in the clarifier water columns this in
large plant can be done up to three times a day.

The SBI is the volume of settles in ml occupied by 1 gram of dry sludge solid after 30 minutes of
settling in 1000 ml graduated cylinder the NCERT is the total mass of mix suspended solids in the the
creator and clarifier divided by the mass flow rate of mix liquar suspended solids living as w A s and
finally fluent the FM is the ratio of food to the microorganism each day to the mass of microorganism
held under areas and specially it is the amount of beautiful to the area divided by the amount of mixture
iqvia volatile suspended solids under a reaction note some reference use mlss makes liqueur suspended
solids for dear ones but mlvss is considered more accurate for the measure of microorganism again due
to COD is generally used in Lewis of body as beauty it takes 5 days for result.
4.10.4. Sludge digestion process

The residue that accumulated in sewage treatment plant is called sludge is a solid semi
solid or salary received dual material that is produces as a byproduct of wastewater treatment
process this residue is commonly classified as primary and secondary sledge primary sludge is generated
from chemical precipitation sedimentation and other primary process where as secondary sludge is the
activated waste biomass resulting from biological treatments some sewage plants also receive sewage
for septic tank solid from household onsite wastewater treatment system quite of tane this clutch is
combined together for the treatment and disposal.
Aerobic and conventional and aerobic digestion convert about half of the organic sludge solids
liquids and gases thermal hydrolysis follow by anaerobic digestion can convert some 60 to 70% of the
solid matter to liquids and gases not only is the volume of solids produces smaller than its conventional
digestion but the greater production of biogas can make some waste water treatment plant self sufficient
in energy.

CHAPTER 5 : DESIGN OF STP UNITS

5.1 RECEIVING CHAMBER
Receiving chamber is the structure to receive the raw sewage collected through underground
sewage system from the village.It is a rectangular shape tank constructed at the entrance of sewage
treatment plant.
DESIGN:
Design flow = 0.0401 cumec Detention time = 60 sec
Volume required = Flow * Detention time
= 0.0401*60
= 2.406 m3
Provide,
depth = 0.4 m Area = 6.015 m2
Length : breadth = 2:1
L * B = 2B*B = 2B2= 6.015 B = 3m
L = 2m
Receiving chamber is designed for the size of
2m*3m*0.4m+0.5m

5.2 SCREENING :
Screening is very first operation carried out at a STP and consist of passing the raw sewage
through different types of screens to remove the floating matter such as
leaves,paper,gravel,timberpieces,rags,fibers,tampons,cans etc. . This screen can be manually clean or
mechanically cleaned. Manually cleaned screens are used in small treatment plants. Clear spacing between the
bars in the screens may be in the range of 15 mm to 40 mm.
DESIGN OF COARSE SCREEN :

Discharge of Sewage = 0.0401 cumec Assume velocity = 0.8 m/s
Net area = Q/V
= 0.0401/0.8
= 0.05 m2
Assume opening between bars = 0.05m , Assume depth of channel = 0.4m
Net width of screen = area/depth
= 0.05/0.4
= 0.125m2
No.of openings = Net width / openings
= 0.125/0.05
= 3 bars.
No.of bars = 3-1 = 2 bars
No.of end bars = 2+2 = 4 bars
Total gross width = no.of openings * clear spacing between bars + no. of bars * d
= 7*0.05+4*0.01 =0.4m
Length of screen = 0.4/ sin45

= 0.56m
Size = 0.4m*0.56m

5.3 GRIT CHAMBER:

Grit removal basins are the sedimentation basins placed in front of the fine screen to remove the
inorganic particles having specific gravity of 2.65 such as sand , gravel , grit, egg shells etc.
DESIGN:
Peak flow of sewage = 0.0401 m3/s Assume average detention period = 60 sec Aerated volume = Q * T
= 0.0401*60
= 2.406 m3 (for 2 Chambers)
Hence, Volume of 1 chamber = 1.203 m3
Assume depth = 0.4 m
Width: depth = 2:1 Width = 2*0.4
= 0.8 m
Lenth of channel = 1.203* 0.8
= 0.96 m
Increase 20% for inlet and outlet
Provide length = 0.96 *1.2
= 1.15 m
Size : 1.15*0.8*0.4m

5.4. PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK
The primary sedimentation tank removed the particles having lesser size 0.2 mm and specific
gravity of 2.65.It is a circular tank.
DESIGN:
Detention time = 2 hr
Volume of sewage = Q/ D.T*24
= 1156/(2*24)
= 24.08 m3
Provide depth = 2 m
Surface area = Volume / depth
= 24.08/2
= 12.04 m2
Pi/4*d2 = 12.04
D2 = 15.33
Diameter of tank= 3.91 m
Primary sedimentation tank is designed for the dimension of
3.91m (dia) * 2m(depth) + 0.5
5.4.1 Activated sludge process:

Deactivators large process is an aerobic biological sewage treatment system to treat the settle
sewage consist of variety of mechanism and process the used oxygen to promote the growth of biological
folk that substantially remove organic material the essential unit of the process are an aviation tag a
secondary settling tank slush written line from the secondary tank to the aeration tank and access sludge
waste line.
Fig 5.4 ASP

Flowchart of contact stabilization activated sludge process:

• Solid settle out letter and are wasted from the system or return to a stabilization tank.
• Microbes digest organic in the stabilization tank and are then recycle back to the contact tank
because they need more food.
• Waste activated slurge is remove and same to further treatment.
Process:
The activated sludge functions in the abomination concept by following the context stabilization
method the effluent from primary clarifier is mixed with 40 to 50% of own volume of activated sludge
then it is mix for 4 to 8 hours in the edition and by the combination aerator which does compressed air
diffusion and mechanical mixing the moving organism oxidize the organic matter and make it to settle in
secondary clarifier.
The status large known as activated slrs is the recycle to head of addition tank and mix with
the new entering sewage new activated large is produced continuously and w a s is dispose along with
primary treated sludge after proper digestion.
The activated sludge plant result 80 to 95% of beauty removal and 92 95% bacteria removal
by making the necessary setup such as
1. ample supply of oxygen to plant
2. intimate and continuous mixing sewage with activated sludge
3. constant rate of return sludge is made to be kept through out the process
5.5. Aeration tank:

Aeration tank is the mixing and diffusing structure in the activated sludge plant these are
rectangular in shape having the dimension ranging 32 4.5 for 26 m wide and 22 to200 length year is
introduced continuously to the tank
Design of aeration tank:

Number of tanks= 2
Q= 1.15/2=0.578MLD = 578m3/day
Yo= total BOD= 295mg/l Ye= effluent BOD= 20mg/l
BOD remove= 295= 20= 275mg/l
Min efficiency= 275/ 295= 0.932= 93%

Assume xt= 3000mg/l F/M ratio F/M=0.15 F/M= Q/V = yo/XT Q=578 m3/day
V=?
Yo= 295 mg/l
X(T)= 3000 mg/l
F/M= ( 716 × 295 ) / ( 13000× v ) V= 586.7 m3
Assume an areation tank = 3.5m depth and 9m width Length of the tank= V/ B× D
= 586.7/ 9×3.5
= 18.63 = 19m
Volume provide = 19 × 9× 3.5 = 598 m3
1) check for aeration period

t= (V/ Q)× 24 hr =( 598 / 716 )× 24 = 20.04hr {ok}
2) check for volumetric loading

= Q.yo/ v gm of BOD / m3 volume of tank
= (716×295) /598 gm /m3
= 353.21 gm /m3 = 0.35 kg/ m3 ok… (Range 0.2 to 0.4)
3) check for return sludge ratio

QR/ Q = XT / [ (10^6 / SVI ) × T]
Using SVI = 100 m/gm XT = 3000mg/l
QR/R = XT / [( 106/100 - 3000)] = 3000 /7000 = 0.43
Take SVI = 120 ml/ gm , XT = 3000 mg/ l QR/R= XT / [ 106/120 - 3000] = 0.56
So, ok
4) check for SRT

V.XT = € Q ( Yo- Yc) ∆c/ ke ∆c t1 Where, € = 1.0
Ke= 0.06d^-1 Yo= 295m3/L Yc= 20 mg/L
xT= 3000mg/L Q= 716 m3 / day V= 698 me
598× 3000 = [ 1× 716 ( 295-20) ∆c] / Ke ∆c t1
598× 3000= 1× 716 ( 295-20 ) ∆c / 1+ 0.06∆c
∆c = 20.09

5.6. Secondary sedimentation tank:

Sedimentation tank constructed next to the aeration tank is the secondary sedimentation this tank
will be as a primary sedimentation tank with the certain modification as no floating material are here
provisions for the removal of sperm floatage are not needed.
basis and solid loading rate basis the larger value is adopted. No of clarifier= 1no
Average flow= 1156kld = 1156 m3/ day Recirculated flow = 578 m3 /day
Total in flow= 1156 + 578 = 1734m3 /day Provide hydraulic detention time = 2hr Volume of tank= 1734
× 2/ 24 = 144.49 m3 Assume liquid depth = 3.5 m
Area = 144.49 /3.5 = 41.28 me
Surface loading rate of average flow = 15 me/M2/day Surface area to be provided= 1156 / 15 = 77.07
m2= 77m2 Provide area greater two i.e 77m2
Dia of circular tank (d)
d = √ 77× 4/π = 9.9 = 10m
Actual area provide= 85m2
1. Check for weir loading:

Average flow = 1156 m3 /day
Weir loading = 1156 / ( π × 10 ) = 36.81 m3 / day / m Provide a periteral loading
2. Check for solids loading

Recirculated flow = 578 m3 / day
Average flow = 1156 m3 / day MLSS solids inflow = 3000mg /L
Total solids in flow = ( 1157+ 578 ) × 3
= 5202 kg / day
Solid loading = 5202 /77= 67.55 kg / day
Provide clarifier a 10 m dia having liquid depth as 3.5m Hopper slope shall be in 12
Free board willl be 0.3m

5.7. Sludge drying beds:

Drying of digested sludge on open belts of land is sludge drying and such open beds of land are
known as sludge drying bed the digested sludge from digestion tank contain a lot of water so it is
necessary to dry up or the water the digested sludge before its dispose of dumping it is the quiet suitable
of the water in voller due to its hot climate.
Calculation:
Sludge applied for drying beds 100kg/MLD Sludge applied= 125kg/day
Specific gravity= 1.015
Solid content= 1.5%
Volume of sludge= 1.25/ 1.5% × 1/ 1000× 1.015 = 8.2m3/day Considering monsoon etc
Total no of cycle in1 yr= 33
Period of each cycle= 365/33=11days Volume of sludge= 8.2× 11= 90.2m3 Spreading a layer of 0.3m /
cycle area of beds Required= 90.2/0.3 = 300.67
Provide 4 beds of 1.2m× 7m Thus providing= 336m2 area
5.8.DESIGN OF SEWER PIPELINE:
Q = 40 Lit/sec
Seepage velocity =1.5 m/s Circular sewer pipeline
QMAX = 40*3 ........................................................... (Multiplying factor)
= 120 lit/sec
Qmax = 0.12 m3/sec
With this flow sewer pipeline will flow upto 2/3 and we need to design the sewer for full flow solution.
Therefore, full flow = 0.12 * 3/2
= 0.18 cumec
Q = A* V A= 0.18/1.5
= 0.12 M2
Pi/4 * D2 =0.12
D = 0.3908 m
D = 40 cm

CHAPTER 6 : RESULT
Table no.6.1 : Plant Details

PLANT DETAILS
COMPONENT TYPE NO’S DIMENSIONS
Receiving chamber 1 2 m*3m*0.4m+0.5m
Coarse screen 1 manual 2 0.4m *0.56m
1 mechanical
Grit chamber Horizontal flow 2 1.15m *0.8m*0.4m
Type
Primary Circular type 1 3.91 m(dia.)* 2m
Sedimentation tank ,Radial flow (depth )+0.5m
Aeration Tank Combined type 1 19m*9m*3.5m+0.5m
Secondary Clarifier Circular type 1 10 m(dia.)*3.5m
,Radial flow [depth]+0.5m
Sludge Drying Bed Sand + Graded 4 1.2m*7m
gravel
Sewer pipeline 1 Dia.= 40 cm

CHAPTER 7 : CASE STUDY
A. Aurangabad Sewerage Project :-
I. Introduction :
• Aurangabad Municipal Corporation as part of its strategy for infrastructure development in the
City has prepared the DPR of Underground Sewerage Scheme under UIDSSMT.
• The DPR has been technically sanctioned by Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran for the cost of Rs.
365.69 Cr.
• The main component of the Underground Sewerage Project is 260.12 Kms of proposed Sewerage
collection Network of Pipes ranging from 150 mm to 2000 mm diameters and 60 km of main
sewer network.6 Terminal Sewage Pumping Stations and One Intermediate Pumping Station at
Ward No. 98. Proposed STPs at 6 different locations for the total capacity of 216 MLD.
• The STPs proposed at the locations of Kanchanwadi -161MLD, Zalta - 35 MLD, Banewadi- 30
MLD, Siddarth Garden – 4.5 MLD, Padegaon – 10 MLD, CIDCO – 15 MLD
II. Specification :
Name of the project Aurangabad Sewerage Project, Aurangabad

Name of The Developer Aurangabad Municipal Corporation
Project Management Consultant Fortress Infrastructure Advisory Services, Mumbai
Contractor M/s Khilari infrastructure Pvt. Ltd
Cost of Project 464.00 Cr.
Area of City 138 Sq. Km
No of STP’s 4 Nos.
Location of Site Backside of Dhoot Bunglow, Paithan Road, Kanchan wadi,
Aurangabad
III. Project description:
• Under Aurangabad sewerage project components, the Kanchanwadi Sewerage treatment plant
(STP) is designed for 161 MLD on Sequential Batch Reactor process (SBR).
• The Kanchanwadi STP consisting of main six unit’s namely Primary unit – 1no. SBR basins –
8nos, Gravity Sludge thickener-1no., Sludge Sump -2nos., Centrifuge House 1 no., Chorine
contact tank -1no.& Administrative Building – 1 no.
• Basically, raw sewage from Sewage Pumping Station to Inlet Chamber of Primary is taken by
pumping. The Sewage then enters into the Screen Chamber & passes through the Mechanical
Screens. After screening the major particles, the sewage goes to the grit removal chamber where
girt separated outby Grit Mechanism. After the Process of primary treatment (Fine Screens and
Grit Chambers) the Sewage is taken to C-Tech basin. The entire Process of Primary unit to SBR
basin is done by gravity.
• The C-Tech basins are equipped with air blowers, diffusers, Return Activated Sludge (RAS)
pumps, Surplus Activated Sludge (SAS) pumps, Decanters, Auto valves, Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC) etc. All cycles will be automatically controlled using PLC. The treated effluent
from the C-Tech Basins will then pass-through Chlorination tank where it is disinfected before
its ultimate discharge.

IV. Conclusion :
• In the developed countries much work has been done in the field of wastewater reuse system but
we can’t say the same about developing countries. In developing countries wastewater reuse is
still in the beginning stage and much work is needed in that field.
• Wastewater treatment performance now a day big problem if we improve our methodology, we
definitely solved big problem.
• There are plenty of emerging technology which are making increase performance of wastewater
in reused system. But we used only appropriate technology whom suitable.
• In Indian conditions, sequential batch reactor process is more economical and more efficient. It is
a totally chemical process which is great for non-portable purpose. It needs less land but
requirement of external energy source for its aeration and equalization along with chemical costs
makes it costly.
• Constructed wetland technology for water reuse in irrigation purpose is suitable because of its
good efficiency and for its benefit to green belt areas. It’s totally a natural process with no use of
chemicals and hence there is no need of specialized supervision to run it. Its main drawback is its
bad odour which becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes, requirement of more land and it’s
also a time-consuming process when compared to sequential batch reactor.

CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION
A successful technical project involve integration of various fields. This is an attempt to

combine several aspect of environmental , biological ,chemical and civil engineering.
Since in Vadgaon municipal corporation there is no proper treatment plant for sewage it is
necessary to construct a sewage treatment plant. The plant is design perfectly to meet the future
expansion for the next 30 years in accordance with Indian codal provisions. This project consist the
design of complete components of sewage treatment plant from receiving chamber, screening chamber,
great chamber, sedimentation tank ,secondary clarifier tank and sludge drying bed for sewage.

CHAPTER 9 : REFERENCES
1. Aswathy. M, Hemapriya, Analysis and design of sewage treatment plant of Appartments In

Chennai. International Journal of Pure Applied Mathematics,
2. Deep Gupta, Abhishek Ghildiyal, Neeraj Rana ,Design And Analysis Of Sewage Treatment
Plant, The Engineering Journal of Application and Scopes
3. Yihun Deng and Andrew Wheatley, Wastewater Treatment in Chinese Rural Areas , Asian
Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
4. Farid Ansari & Yashwant K .Pandey. Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant
for the Dera Bassi Industrial Estate, Punjab (India) Global Journal of Science Frontier
Research Environment & Earth Science
5. Swati Shree Samal, Design of Sewage Treatment Plant, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
Engineering
6. G. Chandrakant , P Jaswanth, S.Tejareddy ,G. Kiranami, Design & Performance Evaluation of
Wastewater Treatment Plant–Dat Tirumala ,International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research


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TE Seminar 301006

DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Name Of Student Seat No

Name Of Guide Head of Department

Examination Approval Sheet

DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

ADITYA ANIL SAPKALE

1. Internal Examiner : ___________

2. Seminar Coordinator : ___________

Declaration by the Student

DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

I, Aditya Anil Sapkale have completed my seminar report entitled “ DESIGN

Signature of the Student

Name of the Student: Aditya Anil Sapkale

Exam Seat no. : TE - 2011111

Aditya Anil Sapkale

4.1.2 Primary treatment 10

4.1.3 Aerobic biological units 10

4.1.4 Anaerobic biological units 11

4.2. Population forecast 11

4.3. Calculation of sewage generation 12

4.6. Location of treatment plant 13

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 1

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 2

1.1 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

1. To study the present conditions of the selected area.

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 3

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

Deep Gupta “Design and analysis of sewage treatment plant(2017)”:

Farid Ansari & Yashwant K. Pandey: “Conceptual Design Wastewater

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 4

Swati Shree Samal: “Design of Sewage Treatment Plant(2016)”:

G. ChandraKant: “Design & Performance Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 5

SELECTION OF SITE 7 Days

PRESENT SCENARIO 5 Days

DATA ANYLISIS 2 Months

RESULT AND CONCLUSION 2 Months

Figure3.1: Flowchart of Planning Schedule

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 6

3.2 SELECTION OF SITE:

Map of India Map of Maharashtra

Fig 3.2 MAP OF VADGAON

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 7

Fig 3.3 LAYOUT MAP

Fig 3.6:Grass on drainage Fig. 3.7 :Water Logging

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 8

3.3 Problems statement

3.4 Project objective

Methods of forecasting population:

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 9

CHAPTER 4 : TREATMENT OF SEWAGE

4.1 Treatment processes are often classified as

4.1.1 Preliminary treatment:

4.1.2 Primary treatment:

4.1.3 Aerobic biological units:

D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , AKURDI, PUNE. 10

4.1.4 Anaerobic biological units:

4.1.5 Tertiary Treatment :

TABLE 4.2 POPULATION FORECAST:

❖ Pn+1 = P0 + nx Where n = no. of decades Base Period as 2031,

Intermediate design period as 2041,

Ultimate design period 2051,