712-1206
Muslim rule (Arab invasion)
Muhammad bin Qasim (695-715)
712-715, 8th century
1st Muslim to invade India (Sindh, Arror)
Qasim vs. Raja Dahir (wazir; sisakar)
Hajaj bin yousaf, governor of Iraq died in 714.
Ummyed dynasty (Damishq, capital)
Organized administration of Sindh
Raja Dahir wife: rani biey
Raja son; jay Sina
Catapult; Aroos.
Muhammad bin Qasim conquered, Debal –Neron
court (Hyderabad)-
Raja Dahir in Rowar fort
Walled bin Malik died 715 -------ruler when MBQ
conquered Sindh & Multan
Sulaiman bin malik-------recalled MBQ
715, at 20 of age, buried in Mosel
Remained for 3 years in Sindh
Abbasid governor HISHAM came to Sindh in 757AD
Turkish invasions
Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi (idol destroyer) Shahab ud Ghurid
Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin (971- Moizz ud din Muhammad ibn Sam(1149-1206)
1030), Iranian
998-1030
Ghazni -------state in Afghanistan
Founder: Alpatgeen Giyas ud muhammad ghori ruler 1173
Father of Mahmud: Sabuktigin, 1st Turkish Shuhabud din Ghori 1202-1206, 1st attack on multan &
attacked India (son in law of Alaptgen), uch,
attacked on Jaypal (ruler of Punjab) 1175-----Multan (kramti khandan was ruling there)
1182----Sindh
1186-----Punjab( raja was Khusro Malik), in India (chuhan
kingdom, Prithvi raj chuhan)
Ruler of khurasan when Sabuktigin ruled 1st battle of train 1191 against Prithvi chohan he defeated
Ghazni. Ghurid.
Amen ul Millet+ Yemen ud Dola ---------titled by 2nd battle of train 1192, Ghurid won.
caliph of banu Abbasid’s. 1st Muslim kingdom in Ajmer.
Ayyaz buried in Rang Mahal. Battle of Chand war 1194, Ghurid won vs. Gadwal ruler
(jay Chandra)
Hindustan conquered
Attacked India ---------17 times(main focus was Main focus; to conquer India.
plundering) Bakhtyar Khilji -------Ghori commander
1st-------------1000AD
2nd -----------1001AD (Jaypal ruler)
Jaypal lose and Anandpal ruled
6th ------------1008AD defeated Anandpal
7th-------------1009AD (jagdaishchand, ruler)
16th ----------1024-25AD (Somnath 9 feet,
khathiyawad Gujarat)
17th -----------1027AD (jatts)
Literary period 1206, murdered in Jhelum
 Abu Rehan Muhammad Alberuni 22 wound.
(Uzbekistan) Tomb in Sohawa
kitab ul hind/ Tareekh e hind (1017, Arabic)
translate patanjli,
 Firdausi known as Homer of the East
(Persian Poet)
Shahnama (foundation of Persian language)
 Utbi (Historian)
Kitab ul Yamani/ tareekh e Yamane
 REHLA (book of travels, Arabic)
Rule Punjab, Lahore.
Famous saint:
Data gunj bakhsh, sakhi sarwar, sheikh ahmad
zanjani
 Delhi Sultanate (Turkish slave) 1206-1526 (300 yrs)
Aibek in charge of India became sultan later in 1206, 1st independent ruler
Ghor: Ghiyas us din Muhammad
Ghazni: Taj ud din yildiz
Delhi: Qutub ud din Aibek
Bengal: Muhammad bin Bakhtyar Khilji
Multan: Nassir ud din Qabacha

Mamluk (slave) Khilji (shortest) (30yrs) Tughlaq (longest) Syed Lodhi (75yrs)
(93yrs)
1206-1290 1290-1320 1320-1413 1414-1451 1451-1526
(84yrs)
Total sultan------- Jalal ud firouz Khilji- Ghiyas ud din Tughlaq Sack of Delhi, 1398---Amir Timor appointed Syed Bahlul khan Lodhi ----1451-1489
10 1290-1296 1321-1325 as governors of Delhi. Sikandar Lodhi---1489-1517
Illtutmish (3rd): Alaudin Khilji---1296- Killed by Muhammad Khizar khan sayyid: 1414-1421 Founded Agra, shifted capital from Delhi
1211-1236 1316 bin Tughlaq (son) Mubarak shah: 1421-1434 to Agra
After Aram shah 2 wives, malika Muhammad bin Muhammad shah: 1434-1443 Was a poet named GULRUK
(son of Aibek) jhan(daughter of jlal Tughlaq Ala uddin Shah:1443-1451
killed by ud din)+ mehru 1325-1351 Abdicated the throne in favour of Bahlul Lodhi. Ibrahim khan Lodhi---1517-1526
illtutmish. Price control was very Ruled 26 years
Issued currency. strict. Religious intellectual
Delhi as capital. Called himself ---- Ibn Battuta visited
Ghenghis Sikandar Sani India
attacked Punjab, Appointed QAZI
1221 with because of his study in
Khwarizmi Makah.
sultanate. Firuz shah Tughlaq
Tomb in Delhi. 1351-1388
Razia sultan:
1236-1240
1st female
Muslim ruler
She killed------
Rukun din ferouz
Killed by ---Muizz
ud din Bahram
Nasiruddin
Invasion of Timor 1398

Muhammad
(son of
Illtutmish)
Religious person
(darwaish king)
Balban: 1266-
1287 (father in
law of
Nasiruddin
Muhammad)
Broke Chalisa.
Reduce influence
of nobles.
Himself called----
Niyabat I khudai
No vine, laughter
in his court.
Established
secret reporters.
Good behave
with servants.
1st & founder:
Qutub din
Aibek ---1206-
1210
Last : Muiz ud
din Qaiqabad
Capital; Lahore
Died; playing
polo
Tomb, Anarkali
Qutub
minar--------Delhi
Adhai din ka
jhopra----Ajmer
 Panipat 1st, 1526, Babur(won)
vs. Lodhi
2nd, 1556, Akbar (won)
vs. Himu king of Delhi
3rd,1761, Marathas’ vs.
Ahmad shah Abadali
Durrani (won)

Zaheer ud din Nassir ud din Jalal ud din Noor ud din Shuhab ud din Aurangzeb Mohy Downfall of
Babur Hamyun Akbar, illiterate Salem Jahangir khurram (Shah din Alamgir Mughal started
(longest) (Sheikh Salem) jhan) Late Mughal---13
1526-1530 1530-1540 1556-1605 1605-1627 1627-1658 1627-1707
Sheer shah sauri 49 years Engineer Badshah 48 years
(Fared khan Born; Amarkot,
Lodhi) Sindh.
1555-1556
(6month)
Descendent of Babur followed Barium khan was Son of Akbar & Born in Lahore. 6th son of Bahadur
Timor (father Ghanghes khan & advisor for 4 Maryam Zamani Married to Mumtaz mahal shah=3yrs
side) & Ghanghes divide the years. Arjumand Banu and 6th king also.
khan (from kingdom into his Begum (Mumtaz Last effective Jhandar shah=less
mother) sons (Humayon & mahal). Had 14 ruler. than 1 year
Kamran mirza) children, 7 Died in 1707.
survived? Farukkshiyar=
Reburied in Taj 6yrs
Mahal.
Rafi ud
Darajat=98days

Shah Jhan
II=105days

Muhammad
Shah=28yrs

Ahmad Shah
Bahadur=6yrs

Alamgir II=5yrs

Shahjhan III= 1yrs

Shah Alam II=

46yrs

Bahadur Jhan
IV=63days

Akbar shah
II=30yrs

Bahadur shah
II=19yrs

Born: Fergana, Jahangir fends off 8 other wives. Hafiz e Quran,

Uzbekistan his own son, Islamic system,
prince Khusro sectarianism.
 Mirza. Built more
Jahangir temples than
considered his 3rd destroyed.
son, favorite
prince
khurram(future
Shahjhan)

Conquered and New city; Rebel officer Sher Shahjhan fell ill, Ruled nearly all
lost Samarkand Fatehpur Skri (hall afghan(Ali Kuli Dara Shiko took Indian sub-
thrice –Ibadats khana) Baig) widow --- control, and continents.
near Agra. mehr un Aurangzeb Largest economy,
Introduced deen Nisa/Noor jhan defeated him & biggest
e ilahi---18-20 (love affair) took control. manufacturing
embraced Shahjhan power
recovered but contributing 25%
Aurangzeb of GDP.
deposed him &
imprisoned him
for 8 years.
Defeated Ibrahim Defeated by Mini Qutub Badshashi
lodhi, 1526 Shershah sauri, minar---Delhi. mosque, Lahore
& Rana Sanga in Pashtun Jahangir in 1673.
battle of khanwa, (introduced mausoleum. Like father not
1527 rupee, land Peacock throne the supporter of
revenue system, (takht e taooss) in ottoman empire.
GT road (chitta Red fort, Delhi. Declined the
gang to Kabul) (Nadir Shah in request of Salman
constructed & 1739 took it with II against
renovated), him as war Christians.
Rohtas fort near Trophy, Placed 1st Anglo Mughal
Dina Jhelum, koh I noor war (child war-sir
named by diamond in Josiah child) ----
Humayon USTAD throne). 1686-1690
I BADDSHAAN --- Shah jhan Company
battle of Chausa mosque, Thatta, defeated and paid
1539 & battle of Sindh built 150000 RS.
kanuj 1540. according to
Fled Kabul, Acoustic (93
remained exiled domes, talking in
for 12 years. one heard in
Shershah son other end; don’t
fight, Humayoun need speakers, no
back captured minarets.
Lahore.

Babarnama Humayoun Nama Akbarnama &Ain Jhangirnama Compiled Fatwa e

written by e Akbari written (Tuzek e Alamgeri
Gulbadan by Abu fazal. Jahangiri)
Begum(Humayou
n’s sister) upon
request of Akbar
Babri masjid in Agra fort, Hiran minar, Red fort, Jamia
Ajodhya Humayon tomb sheikupura. masjid----Delhi.
(Delhi), Boland (Memory of his Wazir khan
darwaza, beloved masjid, Moti
Fatehpur sikri Antelope). masjid, Shalimar
tom of Saleem Established chain garden---Lahore.
Chishti in SIKRI. of justice. Mahabat khan
Banned masjid-Peshawar.
wine( himself was
Alcoholic)
Sheikh gru Arjan
dev aided khusro
mirza rebellion,
executed by
Jahangir.
Anarkali;
Fiction---(tomb in
civil sectariat)
William Finch,
 Abdul Hleem
shrar mentioned
in literature.
Buried in Agra & Fell from stairs Sikadria, Agra Died in Bhimber, Buried in Tajj
reburied in Kabul. 1556, died. body shifted to Mahal next to
shadra bagh, Mumtaz Mahal.
Lahore. Myth about chop
hands.

Muhammad Shah Rangeela Decline

(Sada Rangella)
1739, nadir shah of Iran invaded India
Defeated Muhammad shah in battle of
kernel in less than 3hrs & sacked & looted
Delhi.
Nadir Shah ---------55000 soldiers
Mughal Army------100,000 soldiers
Wealth looted in India was so great that
Nadir Shah removed all taxes for 3yrs.
Urdu e Mualla was made court language in
his reign.
Aurangzeb weakened Maratha’s but after his death they started taking their land
back.
Emperor called for help Ahmad Shah Abdali of durani empire. (Afghanistan)
Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated Marathas in 3rd battle of Panipat, 1761 and returned
control to Mughals.
Abdali made Shah Alam the emperor, returned to Afghanistan & wrote a letter to
Peshwa bajirao.
Marathas again conquered Delhi in 1771, after 10 years and put emperor under its
protection.
Anglo Maratha war 1775-1818-------- Maratha ceased to exist; EIC won the war &
became the protector of Mughals.

Battle of Plessey, 1757

EIC (Robert Clive) vs. Nawab of EIC
Bengal (Siraj ud Duala)--------Mir
Established----------------1600
Jaffar as defector
1st factory------------------surat, Gujarat, India.
After annexing Bengal got a permit shah Alam II, to collect taxes from different states of
India.
2000yrs of India---------17 famine
200yrs of British --------34 famine
Killing more than 10 million people due to forced cultivation of opium instead of grain.

Anglo Mysore war

4 wars of EIC along with (Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad) Hyder Ali & Tipu Sultan (Fatah Ali), Seringapatam.
1st won by Hyder Ali
2nd won by Tipu Sultan.
3rd Tipu surrendered half the king, after 3yrs siege.
4th Tipu Sultan martyred, outnumbered by 4:1.
His Rockets range was 2km, far better than British.
Tipu requested Afghanistan, ottoman empire, France, but no one helped.

1857 mutiny
Lakshmi Bai/ Jhansi Ki rani
/ Maratha queen
(Manikarnika)
Nana sab Peshwa, Rao
Tula Ram (Raja of Rewari)
Supported the Bahadur
shah II
Charles canning was
governor general of India.
 1. History of Indian Sub-continent (1600-1947)
1600 (1st period Economic) East India company established by the permission of queen of England
1605 Akbar era
(2nd period economical +political) Jahangir facilitated EIC and exempted trade taxes
1707 Aurangzeb died
1757
1857 (3rd period-------political) British took over due to internal conflicts
1858 British Rule (for 90 years)
First viceroy/Last Governor General : Lord Canning
1861 Inclusion of native people in Administration
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
1835-1887 Policies of British Government
 Educational policies (woods dispatch, lord Mecaly)
 Economic policies
 Social reforms (1829----lord Bentick, 1832------privy council of England prohibited sati)
 Development of communication system (1887-------GPO, Lahore.)
1861-1919 (ACTS)  Transfer of power to grass root level
 1892----municipal & business communities nominated in central and provincial councils
 1909----Minto Morley reform (right of separate electorate given to Muslims)
 1919---Montague Chelmsford reform (bicameral legislature, extension of direct
electorate to Sikh community)
1885 Congress established (A.O.Hume)
1905 Partition of Bengal (lord Curzon)
1911 (George V to Lord Harding), Swadeshi movement ------Annulment of partition
Shimla deputation --------35 leaders under Sir Agha Khan leadership

1947-52--------------George VI, Pakistani king

1952-56--------------Queen Elizabeth
1906 Muslim league, in Dhaka-------Nwab Saleem Ullah (lion of Bengal)
1909-1919 1909--------Minto Morley reform
1916--------Lucknow pact + Shimla deputation
1919--------Rowlatt Act + Jallian walla bagh massacare at Amritsar (against dyrarchy) + Montague
Chelmsford reform
Hindu Muslim unity
1921-------Moplah Massacre
1922-------Chaura churi incident (gorakhur UP)
1915-1924 (Movements) 1875-----Aligarh movement (sir Syed at Aligarh)
1867-----Deoband movement (Molana Qasim Nanotvi at Saharanpur)
1884-------Anjuman himayat islam (Khalifa Hammid udd Din)
1894---Nadwa tul Ulema (M. Ali kanpuri & Abdul Ghafor DC at Kaanpur) office start-1998, Lucknow
1915-----silk letter (Mahmud ul Hassan at Deoband)
1919-----Khilafat Movement (end of WW-I), 1922-----end of Power, 1923-------democracy, 1924------
Khilafat abolished
1920----------- Non-cooperation movement (Gandhi at Banaras)
1924-----------Hijrat Movement (Abul Kalam Azad &Abdul Bari)-------issued Fatwa DARUHARB (india)
1927 Delhi proposals (substitute of Separate Election)
1928 Simon Commission (7 members )rejected by both parties+ Nehru Report (a constitutional
framework, removed separate electorates)
1929 Jinnah 14 points
1930-31-32 Round table conferences
1930----------Allahabad address
1932-----------Communal Award (for diff sects)
Separate electorates again
Name of Pakistan--------------now or never
1935 Govt. of India act (criticized by both Parties)
1936-37 Provincial elections (17771 seats)
1940 Lahore resolution, presided by Jinnah, presented by AK Fazal ul Haq
1942 Crips mission (Stafford cripps )
Shimla conference (Wavel plan)
Quit India movement
1945-46 Election (Muslim league won 428/ 495 seats)
1946------------cabinet mission plan, interim government formed
Way to Pakistan
3rd June plan 1947 New viceroy------------lord Mountbatten
18th July----------Indian independence act
20th July-----------Muslim league, Assembly formation
10th August ----------Muslim league 1st session
11th August ----------Jinnah 1st address to Assembly Session
14th August --------------independence
 15th August---------------Jinnah took oath (justice Munir, 1st chief justice)
17th August----------------Redcliff Award

1. Sikhs, Marathas and Europeans in India

Battles
Plessey 1757 EIC (won)(Robert clive)vs Nawab of bengal (siraj ud Daula)
Buxar 1764 EIC (won) vs nawab
Mysore 1st
2nd
3rd, 1790,tipu sultan, Governer :lord Cornwallis (winner)
Sabraon, 1846 b/w EIC & sikh khalsa army in Punjab, english won & captured
Lahore, Governor :Daud khan,
Anglo Sikh war, 1845 (1st ) 1st, winner : British vs Sikhs
Anglo Maratha war

2. Sir Syed Ahmad khan 3. Quaid e Azam 4. Allama Iqbal

Born October 17,1817 Delhi, India December 25,1876 Karachi, Wazir November 9,1877 Sialkot
mansion
Father Mir muttaqi
Mother Aziz un Nisa / khwaja fareed ud din
Job 1837: naib munshi, Agra Congress 1885-1920
1839: head clerk Muslim league 1913
1841: sub-judge
1846: chief judge, Moradabad
1855-1857: sub-judge in Bijnor
Title Sir 1888 (10yrs before death) Mazahar ud din shaheed----quaid e Maulana shibli ---------shair e mashriq,
Azam king George V------Sir (knighthood) in
1922
Political  Established British Indian
1857 association
 1860----loyal mohamdans of
India
 1859---Risala-e-Baghawat-e-
Hind (causes of Indian revolt)

Religious Tabiyan ul Quran (point out the
1862 similarities and differences b/w Islam &
Christianity)
Journalistic  1866----Aligarh institute
1866 gazette + British India
association, Aligarh
 1847----Asar ul sanadid
 Monuments of Delhi
Educational 1859 Moradabad
1859 1863 Ghazipur
1864 scientific society, Ghazipur
1866-----Mumdan Educational
conference to raise the standard of
education
1875 MAO school , Aligarh
1877 MAO college
1920 MAO university
Social 1871 1871---Tahzeeb ul ikhlaq
Writings 1858----history of Bijnor rebellion 2 Round table conference in London-
1930
14 point ------------march 31,1929
Visits 1869-70 -----England 1891 1905
Trustees of  Secretary of the board of
Aligarh trustees, sir Syed (1875)
university  Mohsin ul mulk (1899)
 Nwab Waqar ul mulk (1907)
 Nwab ishaq khan
Died March 28,1898 Aligarh April 21, 1938
 Presidents of Pakistan
Iskandar Ayub Yahya ZA. Fazal Ellahi Zia ul Ghulam Farooq Muhammad Pervaiz Asif Mamnoon Arif
mirza khan khan Bhutto chaudary haq ishaq laghari Rafiq Tarrar Musharraf zardari Hussain Alvi
khan
1928-1979

9th PM