FAKULTI SAINS PERTANIAN DAN PERHUTANAN

DIPLOMA IN FOOD ESTATE MANAGEMENT

SEMESTER IV 2023/2024
AHP2506-1: PRODUKSI RUMINAN(RUMINANT PRODUCTION)
LECTURER :
DATE : 1 OCTOBER 2023
GROUP : 5

NO. NAMA NO.MATRIK

1. NUR ANIS FATIHAH BINTI MOHD NASIR S33707
2. MIXILYN UBONG GIRI S33607
3. NOOR SHAFIZA BINTI SUHAIMI S33709
4. MOHAMAD AFDAL BIN ARIADI S33331
5. JOAQUIN GHARAI BIN JOKKIM S32951
 SUMMARY INTRODUCTION

In emerging countries, most of them are located in the tropics, the production of milk
and dairy products is becoming increasingly important for food safety. Due to the
increasing population, urbanization, and the emergence of the middle class with
greater purchasing power, it is expected that by 2050, these countries will produce
the majority of the world's milk. The amount of milk consumed per person is
expected to increase drastically.

High-yield medium-yield dairy breeds have been brought to the tropics to meet this
demand, although doing so requires significant financial expenses. In order to
develop hardy dairy breeds adapted to the tropical environment, crossbreeding
initiatives were carried out. Adequate preparation of nutrients is necessary for the
optimization of reproductive performance for optimal results.

With increased demand for cereals and the effects of climate change, the availability
of food sources is an issue.

Overall, the importance of the dairy industry in tropical developing countries must be
balanced against challenges such as breed selection, food resources, and the
effects of climate change. genome selection, enhanced feed quality, crossbreeding
and sustainable practices are ways to address these challenges to ensure food
safety and sustainability of the dairy industry.

TEMPERATE-TROPICAL

Attempts at crossbreeding in tropic developing countries one of the most difficult

issues for many dairy farmers in the tropics is selecting a dairy cattle breed that is
adapted to tropical conditions. Heat, feed shortages, adaption to seasonal shifts,
resistance to stick infestation and metabolic disorders are all desirable traits in the
tropics. The characteristics are widespread in indigenous dairy breeds in tropical
locations, which also have low milk output. Therefore, crossbreeding between
temperate and tropical breeds was practised in tropical location such as West Africa
and South America. Temperate tropical crossbreeds outperform their indigenous
breed in terms of productivity.