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Rizal Transes- Midterm

Life and Works of Rizal (Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila)

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

Background of Rizal Law Act of 1425

Pointers To Review First Section. Mandating the students to read Rizal’s
I. Rizal Law (Notable Persons) Novel

II. The World During Rizal’s Time 19th Century

A. Political Image Last Two Sections. Rizal’s writing accessible to
B. Corrupt Spanish Officials public.
C. Philippine Representation in the Spanish
Cortes Salient Points of Rizal Law Act of 1425
D. Abuses of Governor General and Church
E. Economic Status During Rizal’s Time - LWR shall be included in the curricula all schools,
F. Social Class colleges, and universities, public and private.
- obliged all schools to keep adequate number of
III. Rizal’s Childhood copies of original or unexpurgated editions of Noli
A. Rizal Lineage, Family Members, and
and El Fili
Influence
B. Important Events in the Ateneo and UST - Board of National Education- work for translation
C. Rizal’s Controversial Poem of Rizal’s writings into English, Tagalog, and Other
D. Rizal Poems in Ateneo Dialects.
IV. Rizal’s Travel - To see our Filipino Identity and boost our patriotic
A. Reasons why Rizal choose to study values that might be valuable in future
abroad
B. Famous persons who met Rizal and Rizal
Mentors
C. Rizal’s experiences in various countries
and his impressions The proponents who supported the Rizal Law:
D. Rizal’s medical school
E. Noli Me Tangere Claro M. Recto – Father of Rizal Law – Chief
F. Love Affairs Proponent
Jose P. Laurel –
V. Rizal in (Exile) Dapitan, Arrest and Execution
A. La Liga Filipina And other illustrious Nationalist (People who are
B. Propaganda Movement pro-nation
C. Rizal’s Exile in Dapitan (His Experiences)
D. Rizal’s Struggles in his Wife to officially implement the Rizal Bill in
1956.

I. Rizal Law
Issues raised for and against RA 1425.
Republic Act 1425. “An act to include in the - Anti-Clerical Themes in Noli Me Tangere and El
curricula of all public and private schools, colleges Fiibusterismo.
and universities courses on the Life, Works, and
Writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli - Claro M. Recto red tagged as a communist and anti-
Me Tangere and El Felibusterismo, authorizing the Catholic
printing and distribution thereof, and of other - Unexpurgated versions of novels
purposes. o This is mandatory, meaning it is needed
to be taught.” Criticism
- Damaging to the clerics

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

- Estranged from catholic faith and religion, Political Image

contradict many of the Christian beliefs.
- A violation of a Philippine constitutional provision The Government is divided into three:
(Art 3, Sec 1, Par.7).
 Executive Branch- Lead by Gobernador-
- Freedom of Religion that is stated in 1935 Heneral which is like a President
constitution  Municipal Branch – Local Gov. Branch
- Novels do contain teachings contrary to catholic
faith.
Recto and the Catholic Hierarchy
- Church are the ones intervened with the approval
and signing of this bill to become a law.

Groups who opposed the bill:

- Catholic Churches; Catholic Action, The
Congregation of the Mission, the Knights of
Columbus, and the Catholic Teachers Guild
campaigned aggressively against Recto and his bill.
 Judicial Branch
o Royal Audiencia/ Korte Suprema/
Senators who opposed the bill: Supreme court.
- Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo, Mariano Cuenco, Legislative branch or law-making bodies are not
Decoroso Rosales included since the laws applied in the Philippines are
based on Spain’s Law.
Reason of they do not want their children’s brain to
be polluted with the bad things that the priest did.
The Church also opposed the implementation of the Miguel de Legaspi- Established the first Spanish
Reproductive Health Law. – family planning, free settlement in 1565 in Cebu.
pills/ contraceptives, and condoms.
First Gobernador- Heneral.
Before the Conquest, we have ouw own indigeneous
--- Opponents of Rizal Law argued that legislation of culture heraded by barangay- native chieftain.
violated the freedom of conscience and religion of
Datu- Luzon and Visayas, Raja – Mindanao;
Filipino Catholics.
Chieftains.
Philippines becomes a colony of Spain – Belonged to
th
II. The World During Rizal’s Time 19 Century the king of Spain

 Creative and dynamic age especially in

Political Condition
Europe and US
 Concepts of industrialism, democracy, and  Spanish Colonial Government ran indirectly
nationalism triggered revolutionary changes. through the viceroy of the Spain in Mexico
 To achieve the heights of prosperity and
National Government
integrity.

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

Governor General  Aroused the anger of the Filipinos by

executing the Fathers, The Martyrs of 1872,
 Chief Executive
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto
 Head of state and church
Zamora.
 Commander -in-chief of the military
 Power of cumplace Admiral Jose Maicampo (1874-1877)
Visitador  Good Moro fighter but was inept and weak
administrator
 Visited the country to check the
o Moro Fighter- Fights rebel
administration of Governor General.
Muslims
Residencia o He was weak because priests can
 Lived in the Philippines to observe the easily make a deal with less efforts.
Governor General

General Fernando Primo de Rivera (1880-1883),

Provincial Government (1897-1898)

Alcalde Mayor  He accept bribes from gambling casinos in

Manila – scandalously permitted to operate
 head in the provincial level o Filipinos become addicted to
 power and responsibilities like the Governor casinos or sugal.
but limited in the province only.
General Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)
Municipal Government
 Cruel and corrupt governor governor –
Gobernadorcillo general of Hispanic-German Ancestry
 power as same as Governor but limited in  Arrived in Manila as poor and returned to
town or pueblo only Spain a millionaire.
 had the power of Indulto De Comercio- to  Filipinos called him “tyrant, Cubans cursed
engage into trading him as the “butcher
Barrio Government General Camilo de Palavieja (1896-1897)

Cabeza de Barangay  Militarist but heartless, detested by Filipino

 head of barangay – help the smallest
population in one place.
 Position of Gobernadorcillio and Cabeza de
Barangay only given to a Filipino male, 23
years old, education and had a property of
500 pesos.
people for executing Dr. Jose Rizal
Philippine Representation in the Spanish
Cortes
Spanish Cortes – where is legislative today. Where
laws are made for implementation

Corrupt Spanish Officials First period (1810-1813)

 Was fruitful and beneficent for the welfare
The colonial official were highly corrupt, of the colony.
incompetent, and cruel.  There is a Filipino representative in the law
making but the friars saw that there will be
General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873) an unfavorable situation.
 Boastful and ruthless Second period (1820-1823)

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Life and Works of Rizal
I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57
 Gobernador removed Filipino
representatives because they do not want
Filipinos to complaint about the oppression
of Spaniards.
Third Period (1834-1837)
 The representation in the Spanish Cortes
was abolished in 1837. Philippine conditions
worsened.
1st Philippine Delegate- Ventura Delos Reyes
 Took active part in the framing of the
Constitution 1812.
Abused Galleon Trade
 Long trading route due to the closing of
Panama River which said that was the fastest
route.
Propaganda Movement was not heard
Spanish Constitution of 1812, and other
constitutions in succeeding years.
 People of Spain enjoyed the freedom of
speech, freedom of the press, freedom of
association, and other human rights (except
freedom of religion).
The Spanish Authorities cherished these human
rights in Spain denied them to the Filipinos in Asia.
Constitucion de Cadiz 1812
Leyes De Indias (Laws of the Indies)
 list of laws that implemented in the
Philippines that may see the oppression, and
discrimination towards our race.
Abuses of Governor General and Church
 Spanish became blind and became“Tengang
Kawali” towards Filipinos, violated the
rights of Filipinos
 Filipinos were abused, brutalized,
persecuted, and slandered.
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First Semester
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 regarded the brown skinned Filipinos as
inferior beings. (Euro-centric mentality;
supremacy over other people)
Imperialist way. Equal to God but not before the
law and certainty not in practice.
Heavy penalties on Native Filipinos/Indios or
Mestizos.
Lighter Penalties on white complexion Spaniards
 The courts of justice were notoriously
corrupt, Judges, fiscals, and court officials -
inept, venal, and oftentimes ignorant at the
law.
Influence of Friars in Political System
- Spanish friars are in crucial position in maintaining
the Philippine Archipelago.
- The Filipinos turned more and more friars for moral
and political guidance
- Frailocracy or the rule of friars (Lopez Jaena used
the term frailocracy) - the intervention of friars
concerning political discourses.
 The Spanish political philosophy of union of
church and state.
Supremacy of the Friars Over the Colonial
Government
- Different religious orders contributes to the Spanish
colonial government.
- Spanish priest dominated the con troll in different
parishes—had the power to get the parishes from the
secular Filipino priests.
Abuses of the Spanish Government Officials
- Excessive power and privileges of the governor
general made him weak and undisciplined
 Arrogant people held a grudge against them
Provincial government – alcalde mayor
(administrator, judge, and military commander) –
most corrupt branch of the government.
Growing power of the friars in the 19th century
urged the reformists and nationalists to work hard
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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

To let people, know who the real enemies
were.
Dona Teodora Rizal was jailed on 1871, Rizal was
deported in July 1892, Paciano and several brother’s
in-law were exiled, without trial and due process.
Treaty of Cordoba established Mexican,
independence from Spain at the conclusion of the
Mexican war of Independence. – August 24, 1821, in
Cordoba, Veracruz Mexico
Principallas and Mestizos benefited from
Agricultural Development
- pure blooded Spaniards also benefited on having
world trade (we pay tariffs/taxes)
Mercantilism to Free Traide/ Laissez-Faire- the
rise of export economy because of demand increase
of other countries to our products as the world traders
came.
Suez Canal- access to information and opportunity to
trade with other countries.

Economic Status During Rizal’s Time

Social Class
Abolition of Galleon Trade
Galleon Trade- products made by Filipinos bring Changes on the social and economic class resulted in
goes through Mexico first. revolts.

And due to the Treaty of Cordoba it was Filipino Merchants and Small-Scale Industrialist
abolished. became Prominent in Philippine Society – Forming
of middle-class Filipinos.
Galleon Trade is from Acapulco to Philippines and
Philippines to Acapulco Rise of Commercial Agriculture
- Gave birth to a new social class— enterprises are
Opening of the Philippines to the World Trade typically owned by ambitious Chinese Filipinos
Mestizos.
- European literature has reached the Philippines.
Dissemination information is not permitted as to -
make Filipinos “mangmang” and only a slave during III. Rizal’s Childhood
rule of Spain
- Readings are important—to find hidden information Rizal Lineage, Family Members, and Influence
by the Spaniards.

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda

Development of Agricultural land has paved the - Named after St. Joseph—Teodora was a devotee of
way San Jose
- Filipinos started to be in Middleclass due to the - Born on June 19, 1861, Calamba Laguna
abolishment of galleon trade—easy trades or sell.
- Baptized in Catholic Church in on June 22, 1861 by
- Children of businesspeople had a chance to study Fr. Rufino Collates
abroad. Because in the Philippines information is
limited. - Pedro Casanas – God Father of Rizal
“y” means ‘and’

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

Realonda and Alonzo Family is a family orientation Paciano Rizal (Lolo Ciano) 1851-1930
of Jose Rizal. Signifier of middle name
 Only brother of Rizal who took care of him
 Without Lolo Ciano, Jose Rizal will not be
Jose Rizal
Family Members
 He learned Latin with Maestro Justianano
Cruz – solicited contribution to fund
propaganda movement
Parents
 Helped in Katipunan by recruiting members
Father - Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y in Laguna
Alenjandra  Arrested and tortured in 1886
 Binan, Laguna on May 11, 1818  Married Severina Decena of Los Banos and
 Passed away on January 5, 1899 had 2 children.
 Latin and Philosophy – College of San Jose Narcissa Rizal Lopez (Sisa) 1852-1939
in Manila
 Hospitable siter
 Descended from Domingo Lamco, a
 Contributed to Jose’s education in Europe—
Chinese immigrant
pawning her jewelry
 Franciso derived from the name of a friar
 Searched and found the unmarked grave of
 Mercado is a Spanish word for market
Jose in Old Paco Cemetery
 The youngest of his 13 siblings
 Recite merely all of Rizal’s poems only by
 Model of fathers – successful farmer with a
memory.
profoundness of self-respect, seriousness,
 Married to Antonio Lopez –
and self- possession

Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda de Rizal y

Olimpia Rizal Ubaldo (Ypia) 1855-1887
Quintos
 4th child
 Melsik Sta. Cruz/ Tondo, Manila on Nov. 9,
 Clumsy, classmate of Segunda Katigbak
1827
-pupply love of Jose Rizal.
 Strict disciplinarian, devoted polite and
 Married Silvestre Ubaldo and had 3 children
hardworking mother
 Died from childbirth
 One taught the young Rizal the importance
 Do not have a permanent address – telegraph
of knowledge and education. First Teacher
operator – lives where she assigned to.
 Gifted and remarkable woman
 Descended from LakanDula Lucia Rizal Herbosa 1857-1919
 1848 at the age of 20 married Francisco at
 Partaker of Jose’s sufferings
Binan Laguna
 Married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba –
 Death – August 16, 1911
were kicked out in Calamaba
Siblings (11 Children)  Died due to Cholera epidemic – 1889
 Came to family reunion in Hongkong
Saturnina Rizal Mercado De Hidalgo (Neneng)
 Companied Rizal when he returned to
1850-1913
Manila in June 1892
 Age of 3, she already knew alphabet
Maria Rizal Cruz (Biang) 1859 – 1845
 Had 5 children together with Manuel T.
Hidalgo  Jose’s Confidant
 Published Pobete’s translation in Tagalog  Recipient of many of Jose Rizal’s letter
language of the Noli Me Tangere in 1909

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

 Married to Daniel Fautisno Cruz of Binan Francisco Chinco Mercado

Laguna and had 5 children
 Son of Domingo and Ines
Concepcion (Concha) 1862-1865  Pepe’s great-grandfather
 Elected as governadorcillo of Binan
 Jose’s first grief
 Was named after a mestizo friar (Franciso)
 Jose mournfully wept at losing her
 Influential man in Binan – rich
 Died at the age of 3 due to sickness
 First time shed my tears caused by love and Juan Monica Mercado (Captain Juan)
grief - Rizal
 Pepe’s gradfather
Josefa Rizal Panggoy) 1865 - 1945  Capital del Pueblo of Binan
 Declared his family as indios for tax
 The Katipunera
purposes
 Died as an old maid- did not marry anyone
 Mayor in religious and social affairs
 Live together with sister Trinidad until
death. Alonso Family History (Maternal Line)
Trinidad Rizal (Trining) 1868 – 1951 Lakandula
 The 10th child - last native king of Tondo
 Unmarried and lived with Josefa
- ancestor of Teodora’s Family
 Custodian of Rizal’s last and greatest poem
 Last to died Eugenio Ursua
Soledad Rizal (Choleng) 1870 – 1929  Maternal geat-great grandfather
 Japanese ancestry
 Youngest
 Married Benigna Ochoa
 Controversial sister
 Mestizo
 Most beautiful sister, his alleged father was
a mestizo Regina Ursua
 Married Pantaleon Quintero and had 5
 Daughter of Eugenio and Benigna Ursua
children
 Great-grandmother of pepe
 Best educated among Rizal’s sisters since
 Married Manuel de Quintos (oral history;
she was a teacher
second hundband) – Fucando, first
Historical Background  Spanish, Chinese, and Tagalog ancestry
 Ochoa
Rizal was a product of mixture of races, Negrito,
Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and Joaquina Brigida De Quintos
Spanish
 Pepe’s grandmother
Predominantly, he was a Malayan and Magnificent  Born in 1790, died in 1857, aged 66 years
specimen of Asian Manhood old
 Wife of Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo (date
between 1761 and 1821)
Rizal’s Ancestry  Married in 1824 to Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo
1790 to 1854 with Manuel, Naricsa, Jose
Domino Lam-Co
Maria, Gregorio, and Teodora Alonzo
 Chinese immigrant
The Rizal Family
 Pepe’s great-great grandfather
 1662-1732  Belong to the PRINCIPALLIA
 Married Ines De La Rosa (Chinese-Christian o Respectable line of merchants,
Manila girl) wealthy- because of its lineage

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

(ancestry) both maternal and admitted that he only encountered “Kalayaan” when
paternal (principallian roots) he was 21 years old. – Book of Prof. Jensen D.G
 Class of Filipinos were Manebong
considered nobility/
- To encourage children to study and show their talent
middle class
in their life.
 2-storey stone houses, a carjuahe, private
library – sent their children to Manila for - Gist; you will become more successful someday if
college. you use your talent and skills at early age.
“SPARE THE ROD AND by SPOIL THE - Art appreciation of Rizal are intact.
CHILD”
1870, Paciano bought him to Binan Laguna. In
Childhood Experiences December, he returned to Calamba after finishing his
study in Binan
According to Rizal: “My mother is not a woman of
ordinary culture; she knows literature and speaks 1871, his mother was imprisoned in Sta, Cruz,
Spanish better than I do” Laguna for allegedly poising the wife of Jose Alberto

Earliest Childhood Memories Pony name- Alipato

- happy days in their family garden when he was 3 His dog named “Usman” as a gift. Symbolic dog
years old. who said that ran in his corpse whining after his
death); the chosen one—give name to his pets with
- He was weak, sickly, and undersized, was given connoted meaning.
fondest care of his parents.
His first sorrow
Rizal’s Childhood Influences to become a high
In 1865, his sister conception died of sickness at the intelligent person
age of 3—He later wrote a memoir “… I shed tears
caused by love and grief.” - Jose was also interested in magic

First Education from His Mother Tio Jose Alberto – cultivate his artistic ability

In 1865-1867. His mother taught him how to read Manuel – fortify his frail body through physical
and write – encouraged him to write poems exercises (he was bullied)

Other people who helped Rizal with his early Tio Gregorio- intensify avidness to read good books
education Teodora Alonzo
Leon Monroy- rudiments of Latin - one who influence him the most.
Uncle Manuel Alberto- later love for nature  Value of Reading – value of reading
Uncle Gregorio- Instilled love for education  Value of Time – most precious gift of life,
he must not waste every second of it.
Rizal was a religious boy- started to take part in the  Primacy of Improving oneself- importance
family prayers – Father Leoncio Lopez – town priest of improving oneself.
 Values of working with one’s hand, self-
reliance, and entrepreneurship – making
Misinformation about childhood of Rizal
him take the lead in running their family
TO MY FELLOW CHILDREN businesses. Learn to be helpful and
generous.
He did not write the Filipino poem “Sa aking mga
 Value of hard-earned money – save and
kababata/kabata” (To my fellow children)—age of 8.
use his money carefully
– since he used the word “kalayaanb” which Paciano

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

 Obedience- story about a moth who was

burned as it did not listen to the warning by
Medical Studies in Universidad de Santo Tomas
its mother never to go near the flame.
- continued his education at UST
He was imprisoned, -- alleged poison wife of his
brother alberto with insufficient evidence. - finished a year in Philosophy and Letters, decided
to shift to a medical course.
She suffered from walking 50 kilometers from
calamba to Sta. Cruz – imprisoned for 2 years. - Following the advice of Fr. Pablo Roman, the
rector of the Ateneo, he also did so to be able to cure
Urged Rizal to write novels about the oppression.
his mother’s growing blindness.
His mother has honed him to become the person
- UST was under the Dominicans, rival of the Jesuits
that he was.
in education.
WITHOUT COURAGE, THERE WILL BE NO
- Won literary laurels.
GLORY

Rizal’s Controversial Poem

Important Events in Ateneo and UST

Rizal’s Poem in Ateneo

Ateneo De Municipal was established by Jesuits-
began in 1859, public primary school in Intramuros.
IV. Rizal’s Travel
1872, entered. He belonged to the class composed of
Spaniards, mestizos, and Filipinos.
Reasons why Rizal choose to study abroad

Fr. Jose Bech – First professor

Famous persons who met Rizal and Rizal mentors
- he was considered as inferior and place at the
bottom of the class – little Spanish and newcome
Rizal’s experiences in various countries and his
- First month, he became emperor. He was inspired to impressions
excel to represent Filipino race.
- considered as Externo – lived outside Intramuros, Rizal’s Medical School
but after a year he became a internos or roman empire
Proved he was no inferior. Noli Me Tangere
- Took private Spanish lessons in Santa Isabel
College Love Affairs
- In 4 years in Ateneo he excelled in all his subjects
and received 5 medals. Most brilliant Atenean V. Rizal in (Exile) Dapitan, Arrest and
during his time, the pride of Jesuits Executions
- Graduate on March 23, 1877 (16 years old)
- Received Bachelor of Arts, with highest honor, La Liga Filipina

- Qualified him for membership in exclusive

organization namely at the ateneo; candidate for the Propaganda Movement
Academi of Spanish Literature and natural science.

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Life and Works of Rizal First Semester

S.Y 2022-2023

I LWR
Midterm Reviewer I LWR 0009-57

Rizal’s Exile in Dapitan (His Experiences)

Rizal’s Struggles in his Wife

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