ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY

Course Code:EC2102-1
Credits: 3
ppt credit: Dr.Roopa B Hegde

Anupama.B
Assistant
Professor
Dept. of ECE
NMAMIT, Nitte
Course Content

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Course Content

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Coulomb’s Law – Experimental Law

Coulomb’s Law: the force between two very small objects separated in
a vacuum or free space by a distance, which is large compared to their
size, is proportional to the charge on each and inversely proportional to
the square of the distance between them.

Mathematically,

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Coulomb’s Law – Experimental Law

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Coulomb’s Law – Experimental Law

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Coulomb’s Law - Vector Form

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Coulomb’s Law - Vector Form

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Coulomb’s Law - Vector Form

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Coulomb’s Law – Superposition Form

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Electric Field Intensity

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Electric Field Intensity

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Electric Field Intensity

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Electric Field Intensity

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Electric Field Intensity

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Electric Field Intensity

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Electric Field Intensity

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Field Due to Continuous Volume Charge Distribution

• Visualize a region of space filled with a tremendous number of

charges separated by minute distances
• Replace this distribution of very small particles with a smooth
continuous distribution described by a volume charge density
• Denoting volume charge density by 𝜌𝑣 , having the units of coulombs
per cubic meter (𝐶/𝑚3 )

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Field Due to Continuous Volume Charge Distribution

• Defining 𝜌𝑣 mathematically by using a limiting process,

• The total charge within some finite volume is obtained by integrating

throughout that volume

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 Field Due to Continuous Volume Charge Distribution

Evaluate volume
integral to find
total charge
contained in a
2-cm length of
the electron
beam as shown
in Figure.

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Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

Faraday’s findings

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Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

Faraday’s findings

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Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

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Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

• If electric flux is denoted by Ψ and the total charge on the inner

sphere by Q, then for Faraday’s experiment

• At the surface of the inner sphere, Ψ coulombs of electric flux are

produced by the charge Q Coulombs distributed uniformly over a
surface having an area of 4𝜋𝑎2 𝑚2

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠

• Hence electric flux density 𝑫 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

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Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

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Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

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Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density

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Point Charge Fields

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Fields - Volume Charge Distribution

Replacing Q by volume charge distribution

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Coulomb’s Law
• https://www.slideshare.net/aafaaf1/electromagnetic-theory-emt-
lecture-1

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 Electric Field Intensity

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/coulombs-law/

https://www.slideshare.net/PrajapatiAnkit9/coulombs-law-31335997

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• https://howtomechatronics.com/learn/electricity/coulombs-law/

• https://vimeo.com/740248587

• https://www.slideserve.com/oshin/coulomb-law