Ar402 Design8 Group7 Chapter-1

A proposed Integrated Vertical Building for Sustainable Farming, Community Living, and Commercial Exchange in Manila City , Manila
Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila

ARCHITECTURAL DEPARTMENT
TORRE DE VIDA : A PROPOSED INTEGRATED VERTICAL FARMING AND URBAN

AGRITOURISM COMPLEX IN METROPOLITAN MANILA
AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROPOSAL TO

AR. GAB JARQUIO
REQUIREMENTS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
PRESENTED BY:
ADRALES, PAUL WILLIAM
PEREZ, ANGEL GRACE
REBLORA, ZALINE MAE
AR 402 - ARCH42S5
2024
Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Project Title…………………………………………………………..…………………..…………… I
Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………..…………………… II
List of Tables ……….……………………………………………………………………………… III
List of Figures…………………………………………………………..………………..…………… IV
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………..…………………… V
Chapter 1: Project Background…………………………………………………………… 3
The Project………………………………………………………………………... 3
Project Objectives………………………………………………………………… 3
The Client……………………………………………………..…………………… 4
Project Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………… 7
Project Development……………………………………………………………… 8
Chapter 2: Site Justification……………………………………………………...………… 14
Site Selection Criteria…………………………………………………..………… 14
Macro-Meso Site Analysis: Region/Province/Town……………………..……. 27
Micro Site Analysis: The Site And Its Immediate Environs…………………... 30
Initial Site Schematic Diagram…………………………………………………... 49

Chapter I. Project Background
A. The Project
a. Rationale
A city functions as a living system in several ways. However, we do not
currently reside in that ecosystem since the difference between an ecosystem and a
metropolis is waste production and food input. Farming has not altered much in
thousands of years. We continue to fill the earth with acres of crops, distant from those
who eat them. Nature and civilization cannot live separately since there are no natural
regions that are undisturbed by human activity. We need to rekindle our connection
with nature. Architecture and engineering may be utilized to design structures that
enable humans to transform cities into ecosystems.
This thesis contends that Urban Vertical Farms will create socio-economic
hubs that will serve as a new source of food for growing populations. The industrial
food system has provided numerous benefits to individuals, including enabling up time
for other pursuits. However, it has altered people's perceptions of food and its role in
cultural formation. Food automation has created employment and enabled people to
live lives that they could not previously afford, but at what expense? With government
assistance and sustainable growing practices, many buildings could immediately serve
their community by producing fresh produce as well as many sorts of meats.
This thesis proposes a mixed-use commerce and agrarian building in Metro
Manila that is close to areas in need of equitable agricultural action. The building
investigates the ability of buildings to serve as not only shelter for individuals but also
as life springs for those who live nearby. The goal is to create a vertical farm tower that
would feed thousands of inhabitants, providing them with cheaper, organic,
disease-free vegetables. The agricultural industry's supply chain requires significant
reform. With a rise in population of 110% in the 10 years prior, it is hardly viable owing
to population growth, agricultural failures, higher fuel costs, and contending with a
hostile external environment.
Building a farm in close reach to the people it supports is the fastest and most
sustainable approach to overhauling the food production business. The Torre de Vida
will be based on the idea of Vertical Urban Farming as a technique for implementing
food justice and security initiatives.
b. Background of the Study

The profound impact of agriculture on the world's vital resources underscores
the pivotal role of farmers. In addition to their primary function of producing goods,
farmers now bear the responsibility of providing crucial ecological services. The proper
implementation of this intricate system is imperative, as any lapse may result in the
depletion of resources and a compromised ability to meet the global demand for food.

Consequently, the agricultural landscape stands at the brink of a transformative

paradigm shift.
i. Rising Urbanization and Limited Agricultural Space

Rapid urbanization is a global phenomena that is altering landscapes all
around the world, including Metro Manila. According to this hypothesis, low-income
nations' economies would improve and flourish if they embrace contemporary
production practices, such as adopting cutting-edge technology for manufacturing. It is
believed that movement between rural and urban regions is experimentally linked to
structural transformation (Tettey, 2005). As cities grow, so does the need for land,
causing rural regions to be converted into urban projects. Rapid urbanization in Metro
Manila has resulted in a significant loss of agricultural land. Urban growth encroaches
on vital arable land, diminishing the amount accessible for agriculture. Urbanization is
expected to expand as salaries rise and people migrate away from rural jobs (Ritchie &
Roser, 2018). This poses a severe danger to local food supply, as farmers struggle to
locate suitable and adequate area for agricultural activity.
Many cities lack sufficient agricultural area, and existing water is frequently
polluted or poisoned. Industrialization and estate expansion in metropolitan areas have
taken over fertile lands that were formerly intended for farming (Kelly, 2003). While
urbanization does not eliminate agricultural land, it frequently splits it into smaller
portions. This fragmentation affects conventional farming processes, making it difficult
for farmers to pursue large-scale, effective agriculture. The dispersed character of
these agricultural regions may jeopardize production and crop diversification, reducing
the overall resilience of the local agricultural system.
The transformation of agricultural land into urban infrastructure affects natural
land use patterns. Construction projects, such as roads and buildings, alter water flow
patterns, which can affect local ecosystems. Uncontrolled conversion and development
would cause environmental harm, an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, and
political instability (Ahmed et al., 2022). The environmental repercussions of land
conversion are far-reaching, influencing biodiversity, water systems, and natural
catastrophe risk. The loss of biodiversity in transformed regions adds to ecosystem
imbalance, which may result in long-term ecological difficulties. Changes in water flow
patterns can influence local water supplies, affecting agriculture as well as the overall
ecology. Furthermore, greater vulnerability to natural catastrophes, such as floods,
jeopardizes agricultural output and the livelihoods of farmers.
The social and economic consequences of increased urbanization on Metro
Manila's agricultural landscape are complex. Farmers who lose their land owing to
urban growth suffer difficulties in adjusting to urban life, thus aggravating
socioeconomic gaps (De Bruin et al., 2021). Concurrently, urban demand for
agricultural goods can encourage changes in farming techniques, affecting rural
farmers' incomes and livelihoods. The socioeconomic fabric of rural villages changes
when traditional methods collide with urban demands.

Metro Manila's rapid urbanization has far-reaching effects on the agricultural

environment. The loss and fragmentation of agricultural land, changes in land use
patterns, environmental repercussions, adjustments in agricultural techniques, and
social and economic consequences all contribute to a complex web of difficulties (van
Vliet 2019). As Metro Manila continues to urbanize, it is critical to strike a balance
between urban expansion and the preservation of essential agricultural resources.
Sustainable land-use policy, careful urban planning, and support for local agricultural
communities' resilience are critical to maintaining the long-term well-being of both the
city and its agricultural areas.
ii. Population Growth and Food Insecurity

The Philippines has seen tremendous growth in population throughout the
years. Food insecurity is one of the most severe concerns resulting from this
demographic rise. The complex interplay between population expansion and food
production offers a significant challenge to the country's long-term development. The
growing population makes it difficult to provide a sufficient and consistent food supply,
raising worries about food insecurity. The Philippines' population has steadily
increased, causing a growing need for resources such as food. According to the 2020
National Census, the National Capital Region has a population of 13,484,462. This
expansion is fueled by high birth rates and increasing life expectancy, putting a strain
on the country's ability to satisfy its citizens' nutritional demands.
Food security hinges on four fundamental dimensions: 1) availability of food,
whether domestically produced or imported; 2) accessibility, that is, a situation where
food reaches every aspect of the population via any viable means; 3) utilization, which
is the ability of individuals to have or use adequate or desirable quality and quantity of
food; and 4) sustainability, which is the ability of the population or the state to adapt to
adverse events that affect the food chain system (Benyam et al., 2021). Therefore,
food security exists at four levels: national (food availability), household (food
accessibility), individual (food utilization), and time factors that affect all other levels
(food sustainability). Food security has been a significant worldwide concern because
of its connectivity with many sectors of the economy, including health, technical,
political, environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic imbalances.
Agriculture is critical to the Philippine economy, employing a large proportion
of the people. However, the agricultural sector has been put under strain as the
number of mouths to feed has grown rapidly (Djan, 2023). Farmers in the Philippines
confront additional hurdles due to limited arable land, outmoded farming techniques,
and unpredictable climate change. As food demand rises, the present agricultural
infrastructure may be unable to keep up, resulting in a food crisis.
Rapid urbanization has resulted in a considerable shift in population
distribution, as more people migrate from rural to urban regions. As more people move
to cities, the agricultural labor force shrinks, and there is less arable land accessible in
or near these cities. Instead, such property is quickly transformed into residential and

commercial uses. This reduction in agricultural capacity may result in a limited food
supply, thereby raising food prices. A dense population and rising demand place
additional strain on food supply networks, leading to increased food costs (Rahut et al.,
2022).
iii. Vertical Farming vs. Greenhouse Farming
Agriculture in the Philippines is experiencing a transformation, with the

implementation of new farming technologies, particularly vertical farming. The phrase
"vertical farming" refers to the process of producing food in a building that uses both
horizontal and vertical space. This involves measuring, regulating, and controlling the
water and nutritional requirements of the plants, allowing for three-dimensional
development. (Beacham et al. 2019). Soil-free vertical farming has three distinctive
preferences.
● Hydroponics.
● Aeroponics.
● Aquaponics.
Water and a nutrient-rich solution containing nutrients often required for plant
development are the basic components of hydroponics, a farming technique in which
water is used as the primary source of nutrient absorption in plants. (e.g., nitrogen,
phosphorus), and hydroponics sometimes need the use of artificial illumination.
(Kalantari et al. 2018).
Aeroponics is a plant-growth technique that involves suspending plant roots in

a nutrient-rich water mist or aerosol. It is a soilless plant growing technique used
extensively in vertical farming and urban agriculture (Peterson & Krueger, 1988)..
Aquaponics is the combination of fish farming (aquaculture) and hydroponics

(plant growth in water) to create a single, sustainable agricultural system. Aquaponics
is a closed-loop system that recycles nutrients from fish waste into plant food while
purifying water for reuse (Al-Kodmany, 2018). This nutrient-rich water is then delivered
into a hydroponic system, where plants grow in trays or channels lined with a growth
medium such as gravel or clay pellets. The plants absorb nutrients from the water,
effectively purifying it, before returning the clean water to the fish tank (Eck et al.,
2019).
Modern technology, such as artificial lighting, hydroponic systems, and other

cutting-edge approaches, have enabled the practice of "vertical farming," in which
plants are produced in stacked vertical strata. This farming system enables year-round
food production while using substantially less water and releasing significantly less
CO2 than traditional farming methods. It also removes the need for product

transportation and storage, making better use of urban space and reducing food waste
(Chatterjee et al., 2020). Despite the potential benefits, vertical farming is still in its
early phases and faces several challenges and limits. Some of these include high
startup expenditures, energy usage, and the need for particular skills and knowledge.
Furthermore, further study is required to properly grasp the potential of vertical farming
and to answer fundamental concerns about its economic, environmental, and social
ramifications (Birkby, 2016).
Farming has historically been an outside activity, but interest in urban farming
techniques is expanding due to its multiple benefits. Vertical farms feature stacked
layers and rely on artificial light, whereas greenhouses use sunshine and grow plants
horizontally (Kalantari et al.i, 2018). Greenhouses are best suited for rural or suburban
settings, whereas vertical farms may be run in cities since they require less ground
space. Many people assume that vertical farms are less efficient than greenhouses
because of the necessity for artificial lighting, which is costly. However, some studies
have shown that the use of lighting is not always a cost waste. Growing lettuce
vertically is more lucrative than growing lettuce in a greenhouse (Rajan et al., 2019).
Profitability was heavily influenced by increased yield per square meter and centralized
distribution. Despite the fact that vertical farms have a greater cost structure than
lighting and heating, the big output potential per square area is a significant advantage.
iv. Public Nutrition and Reduced Food Miles
Food transportation is more expensive than it has ever been. It is the cost of
climate change, resource depletion, and, ultimately, human health. Climate change is a
worldwide contributor to food insecurity, and urban areas are major contributors (Li et
al., 2022). Poor infrastructure also poses a threat to food security in urban settings.
Many cities lack the infrastructure required to properly store, transport, and distribute
food, resulting in inadequate urban food supply systems.
Food miles is a useful technique for assessing and identifying the sustainability
of food manufacture and consumption. It is measured in tonne-kilometers, which are
computed by multiplying the weight of food goods in tonnes by the distance traveled in
kilometers. Trucks account for almost 80% of CO₂ emissions in food transport (Ritchie,
2022). This indicates that the majority of emissions are caused by the movement of
food inside the country rather than globally. Flying food accounts for only 0.4% of total
food transportation emissions . Air and marine freight create greenhouse gas
emissions, which contribute to climate change. Reducing food miles has the potential
to significantly reduce environmental impact while also boosting sustainability.
The Philippines has several nutritional concerns, including malnutrition,

micronutrient deficiencies, and an increasing frequency of diet-related disorders.

Access to healthy food is critical in tackling these difficulties, hence it is critical to

investigate the origins of the food consumed by the population. Encouraging local
agriculture reduces food miles while simultaneously improving food security
(Steenkamp et al., 2021). Diversifying agricultural techniques and assisting small-scale
farmers can result in more resilient local food systems. This community-centered
strategy encourages self-sufficiency, minimizing reliance on imported items and acting
as a buffer against external shocks like global supply chain disruptions.
v. Urban Agriculture and Agritourism
Urban agriculture is the production of crops and the keeping of animals in

urban and peri-urban settings. Urban agriculture shortens the distance between
production and consumption, lowering the carbon footprint associated with
transportation. This not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but also provides
fresher, more nutrient-dense vegetables to urban customers. Controlled Environment
Agriculture (CEA) is a new technique to vertical farming that coordinates environmental
elements such artificial light, humidity, and gasses. These factors are precisely
managed to produce optimal results and better production than traditional agricultural
methods.
Urban agriculture may integrate sustainable growing methods including

hydroponics, aquaponics, and vertical farming. These strategies maximize resource
efficiency by lowering water usage, decreasing pesticide and fertilizer use, and
increasing agricultural yields. Aquaponics combines aquaculture and soilless plant
growing to create an environmentally friendly production method. The fish excrement
serves as organic food for plants, which naturally filter the water for the fish. This
closed-loop system makes optimal use of resources by converting animal feces into
nitrates, which are then used to nourish plants. Direct fertilizer administration promotes
rapid plant development, hence shortening crop production time. The system's
verticality also optimizes space consumption, reducing the requirement for large
amounts of agricultural land.
Agritourism can boost the economy by producing employment and supporting

local businesses. Agritourism improves the feeling of community and builds links
between urban and rural populations by bringing them closer to their food sources.
This collaboration has the potential to result in mutually beneficial partnerships and a
shared commitment to sustainable agriculture. Cities that incorporate these practices
can not only meet the growing demand for fresh, locally sourced food, but also
contribute to environmental conservation, community engagement, and economic
development. As we face the difficulties of a rapidly urbanizing world, adopting these
new ideas becomes increasingly important for developing resilient, sustainable, and
linked urban food systems.

B. Project Objectives
The idea is a self-sufficient agritourism community using vertical CEA farming to meet
the demands of the Metro Manila’s metropolitan metropolis, and to promote sustainable food
systems and farming methods; specifically, this study aims to:
a. Obtain pertinent information about indoor agricultural facilities, their administration and
upkeep, and their relationship to other site features.
b. Integrate methods to create a framework for boosting tourism to urban agricultural
centers.
c. Contrast current alternative agricultural approaches with an efficient system designed
for an urban setting.
d. Introduce the notion of urban agricultural tourism in the Philippines and explain how ots
it differs from traditional rural agritourism locations.
C. The Client
Figure 1.1 Muntinlupa City Seal and Logo
a. The project is implemented by the Local Government of Muntinlupa through various

departments such as Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Agrarian Reform
(DAR), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR), Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that
promotes agriculture space in Muntinlupa to improve its economy, increase food
production, enhancement of environment and community engagement for the benefit
of its people.
Figure 1.2 Department of Agrarian Reform Logo

b. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) is responsible for the promotion of

equitable land distribution. Land acquisition and distribution, improving land tenure
security, providing support to beneficiaries, formulating policies and collaborating with
stakeholders are also their work. The vertical farming structure could provide
opportunities for farmers to engage in agricultural activities without the need for vast
lands.
Figure 1.3 Department of Agriculture Logo
c. The Department of Agriculture (DA) plays a huge role in the agricultural development,
food securities and rural livelihoods in the Philippines. They also conduct research and
developments and provide assistance and services to farmers. The DA’s goal to
increase agricultural production aligns with the vertical farming’s objectives.
Figure 1.4 Department of Trade and Industry Logo
d. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) is responsible for promoting trade and
industry development, supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises. It is also
responsible for business development support, export promotion, consumer protection
and sector development. They could benefit from vertical farming by promoting market
development, branding and trade facilitation.

Figure 1.5 Department of Environment and Natural Resources Logo
e. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is responsible for the
conservation, protection, and sustaining and managing the environment and resources
in the Philippines. They could provide assistance to the project by ensuring the
project’s standards for resource conservation and waste management
Figure 1.6 Department of Science and Technology Logo
f. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) could benefit from vertical farming
by further expanding their research about the relation of agriculture and science. They
could also provide help by supporting the development of innovative technologies like
hydroponics and aeroponics systems, automation systems and energy-efficient
solutions for vertical farming.
a. Target Users
i. Urban Residents - The vertical farm could provide access to freshly and
locally grown produce. It would decrease the amount of reliance on imported
and more expensive fruits and vegetables.
ii. Farmers and Agricultural Workers - The vertical farm could provide new job
opportunities for farmers. Giving them new jobs such as maintenance, crop
cultivation, harvesting, and many more.
iii. Environmental Enthusiast - The vertical farm could serve as a showcase for
sustainable agricultural practices. Promoting water and energy efficiency.
Reduce land use requirements, and minimize the need for the use of
chemicals on the products.
iv. Educational Institutions - The vertical farm could serve as a practical
demonstration of innovative agricultural techniques, providing students with
hand-on experience and giving them knowledge about sustainable food.
v. Government Initiatives - The vertical farm aligns in the government's efforts
to promote food security and self-sufficiency in areas where agriculture land is
hard to secure. It aims to reduce the reliance on imported food which
increases local production.
vi. Business Owners - The vertical farm aligns in the government's efforts to
promote food security and self-sufficiency in areas where agriculture land is

hard to secure. It aims to reduce the reliance on imported food which

increases local production.
D. Project Scope and Limitations

a. Scope of the Study
With all of these challenges on the increase and continuing to impact our communities,
a timely and effective response is essential. The problem persists: the divide between the
natural environment and humans widens, harming public health, food supply, and sociopolitical
attitudes. There are alternatives to traditional agriculture, such as urban farming.
Some of the topics discussed by the researchers in their assessments of the vertical
farm in Metro Manila include the possibility of using it to solve chronic urban problems such as
physical degradation of houses, industries, and stores, income inequality and unemployment,
health issues, and the environment.
Vertical farms bring together engineering, architecture, and natural sciences, with
substantial social and environmental implications. Lighting, agricultural and biologically
modified plant species and conditions, and water management in both vertical and traditional
open-field farms are among the factors addressed in the study.
a. Limitations of the Study

i. This thesis does not attempt to offer future forecasts and patterns in the
evolution of technology.
ii. Due to time restrictions, no prototypes or plant growth experiments were used
in the preparation of this thesis.
iii. The expense of energy and water is not constant over time or geographical
location, which implies that contingent on the crop, varying quantities of water
will be required, as will the site where a vertical farming operation will be built;
if that inferred area relies on coal, gas, or alternative energies, the cost of
energy and carbon footprint will be affected. So, while this research purported
to be a general example, it is clear that the parameters will vary based on the
geographical area.
b. Delimitation of the Study

i. The project will focus on urban agriculture, including vertical farming and CEA,
in which crops are grown in artificial environments rather than on the ground.
ii. The project will primarily focus on aquaponics, but it will also investigate
hydroponics and aeroponics to better understand the process.
iii. The project will focus on crops and fish that can flourish in urban
environments, as supplied by the Department of Agriculture, and will compare
them to the list of plants and fish that would thrive in an aquaponic system.
iv. The project will use some of the qualifying matrices for agritourism items,
notably hotels, cuisine, actual agritourism, and agrotherapy.

Project Development
Table 1. Process of Project Development
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
● Significant data such ● Simplify the collected ● A proposed integrated

as demography, data into critical and vertical farming and
density, local economy, essential components urban agritourism
local development that will facilitate the
complex in
goals, zoning advancement of the
regulations, and any undertaking. Metropolitan Manila
other related studies ● Address issues and, if
that will support the feasible, take
project. community preferences
● Determine sustainable into account.
farming goals, ● Formulate solutions
community living that are driven from
factors, commercial data analysis and past
exchange and research and projects.
feasibility study. ● Analyze the solutions
● Building Code, Green and translate them into
Code,Local Ordinance specific design
and other related laws, approaches.
codes, and standards
that will apply in the
project development.
● Determine problems
that are present in the
project development.

Chapter II. Site Justification
A. Site Selection Criteria

a. Site Selection Process
The concept is a vertical farming community and urban agritourism complex
that will include a variety of structures for diverse purposes. A midrise or high rise
skyscraper will serve as the major structure for agricultural and food production. Aside
from the farm and tourism buildings, there is also an organic restaurant and market, as
well as a vertical agricultural market, community dwelling and lodging. The complex
would also allocate places for support, landscaping, and outdoor recreational spaces,
as well as community spaces.
b. Site Criteria
The Manual for Philippine Agritourism Program is a manual published by the
Department of Tourism (DoT) to help build agritourism programs in the Philippines. The
nine elements that form a good agritourism site are an important part of this literature.
These nine elements may be the primary consideration for selecting a site for this
project.
1. Accessibility and Distance:the site's closeness to key entrances, roads, and

access to its market
2. Products: the products should be designed for consumption and sale, with
care for the fundamental needs of the plants.
3. Attractions: closeness to other major and tourist-attracting amenities.
4. Facilities and Utilities:the availability of required utility lines that will make the
facility run correctly, such as plumbing, electrical, and water lines.
5. Infrastructure: the location should be accessible by well-maintained roads
and communication connections, and it should not be obstructed by adjacent
structures.
6. Peace and Order: the place must be somewhat tranquil and calm.
7. Market Attractiveness: to ensure market growth and development, the site
should be near the target market and responsive to user demands.
8. Environmental Techniques and Methods Geared to Protect the
Environment: the facility should be located in areas with sustainability
policies.
9. Social Acceptance:The government should be supportive of the initiative, and
it should be situated in areas where people require this type of facility.
These nine elements would be the primary criterion for determining where the
project should be placed. A separate criterion would be used to select the finest site
inside the designated city. These criteria are based on the project requirements stated
by the designer, which are as follows:

1. Proximity to Transportation Terminals and Routes: the property should be

located near transit terminals or along the path of existing transportation
choices.
2. Size of Lot: the location would require a large amount of room to
accommodate the technical and recreational spaces. Large open expanses
are also required for the landscaping and recreational areas.
3. Proximity to Potential Buyers, Suppliers, and Users:the site should ideally
be made up of a mix of moderate to low-income people, as these are the
major consumers of the facilities.
4. Vertical Heights of Surrounding Structures: the location should get
adequate direct sunlight to support plant growth, and large constructions may
impede natural light.
5. Site Orientation: the location should have vistas on all sides, and the
southern half of the site is long enough to allow more surface area of the
planned construction in order to optimize sunlight.
c. Possible Locations
Major cities in the National Capital Region are generally becoming more
environmentally conscious and sustainable. Makati City, Quezon City, and Muntinlupa
City are the top three cities for promoting sustainable practices and green regulations.
The project's goals are to produce food for the metropolis while simultaneously
educating the public about nutrition and environmental awareness, making these three
cities the best options for the location.
i. Makati City
Figure 1.7 Makati City Map
Makati City is considered as one of the most progressive cities in the

Philippines. Makati has emerged as one of the cities with the greatest green practices,

having implemented several sustainable projects and programs. Other green initiatives
over the years have included encouraging citizens to transition to Compact Fluorescent
Lamps (CFLs) through the Palit-Ilaw Program in 2007 and advocating eco-friendly
vehicles such as e-jeepneys and hybrid buses.
There are also several pocket gardens and public places that encourage
individuals to spend more time outside and interact with others. There are several
parks available, including Salcedo Park, Legaspi Park, and Ayala Triangle, which have
been popular gathering places for families and friends. The city is also home to the
Zuellig Building, one of the first developments in the country to receive the highest
level of certification under the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
program; additionally, it contains 11 other LEED-registered projects, including
Alphaland Makati Place, The Grand Midori Makati, and 6780 Ayala Avenue JAKA
Building.
ii. Quezon CIty
Figure 1.9 Quezon City Map
Quezon City's municipal government is one of the most environmentally

conscious communities in Metro Manila. The legislation that has been established
demonstrates the city's adaptation and innovation in green practices.
In 2009, the city approved the Green Building Ordinance, becoming the first in
the country to do so. It attempts to improve green infrastructure in Quezon City by
requiring new buildings to satisfy certain green criteria for design, construction, and
materials utilized. Developers are urged to build additional green space. The city is
also recognized for encouraging people to ride bicycles instead of taking public transit.
As of January 2024, Quezon City had around 200 kilometers of bike lanes, which they
intend to expand to 350 kilometers. The intra-city bike lane connects Quezon City's

principal routes, including Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon Avenue, East Avenue, and
North Avenue.
iii. Muntinlupa
Figure 2.0 Muntinlupa City Map Muntinlupa
Under a business-as-usual scenario, Muntinlupa City's greenhouse gas

emissions are anticipated to rise as economic expansion continues. To address this,
the City developed and implemented the Muntinlupa Enhanced Climate Change Action
Plan. This plan, which is aligned with the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and is anchored to the 7K Agenda and
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), outlines Muntinlupa City's long-term
sustainable goals for addressing climate change through mitigation and adaptation
actions.
Muntinlupa's municipal administration has made tremendous progress in
providing citizen-centered public services that are responsive to citizens' interests in
terms of climate action and urban governance. During the 43rd Executive Committee
Meeting of CityNet, a worldwide network of partners advocating for sustainable and
resilient urban growth, the local government earned the Sustainable Development Goal
(SDG) Award in the City Climate Action Category.
The municipal administration made significant contributions to the building of a
climate-resilient future for the country, including the institutionalization of Energy
Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) through the implementation of the Local Energy
Code and the development of the Local Energy Efficiency Plan.
The program allowed the local government to create a need-based policy
framework for its energy-efficient technology, energy conservation measures, and

renewable energy products in accordance with the Philippine Energy Efficiency and
Conservation Act.
d. Evaluation of Site Locations

Based on the guidebook for the Philippine Agrarian Program, the nine criteria for the
site selection of an agritourism facility will be rated 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest
value. The city with the highest total will be the final location.
CRITERIA Makati City Quezon City Muntinlupa

CIty
Accessibility 4 5 5
Products 4 5 4
Attractions 5 5 4
Facilities and Utilities 5 5 5
Infrastructure 4 5 5
Peace and Order 5 4 5
Market Attractiveness 5 5 5
Environmental Techniques 3 4 5
Social Acceptance 4 4 5
TOTAL 39 42 43
Rating Description
5 Fulfills all requirements of the criteria and has relevant qualities that
compliment the other factors.
4 Fulfills all necessary requirements of the criteria but has factors that
are detached from the project requirements.
3 Addresses some requirements, not the strongest factor of the site.
2 There are few redeeming qualities that can be improved on but are
not ideal.
1 Does not fulfill any of the site requirements and would cause
problems for the project.

Muntinlupa City, with its promising set of characteristics as outlined in the

supplied analysis, appears as the best alternative for driving a vertical farm and urban
tourism effort. This choice is supported by a thorough study of numerous important
elements critical to the success and sustainability of such a novel agricultural venture.
Muntinlupa City's exceptional accessibility, as evidenced by a perfect score of

5, emphasizes its strategic location and robust transportation infrastructure. Muntinlupa
City, located in the Greater Manila Area, has well-connected road networks and
proximity to important transportation hubs, enabling for easy distribution of vertical farm
goods. This logistical advantage enables efficient supply chain management, which
results in timely delivery of fresh fruit to local markets, restaurants, and customers.
Quezon City had a flawless accessibility score of 5, owing to its closeness to major
gateways, expressways, easy access to Epifanio delos Santos Avenue (EDSA), and
the MRT line. Similarly, Makati City received a perfect rating due to its handy position
near EDSA and C-5, as well as easy access to buses and MRT stations.
Quezon City is notable for its various and numerous plant and seedling
enterprises, obtaining a perfect score of 5. As a green city, it serves the needs of plant
enthusiasts by fostering urban agriculture and taking use of its closeness to agricultural
areas. In contrast, Makati and Muntinlupa are progressively emerging as green cities,
with an emphasis on ecologically friendly activities, but they trail behind Quezon City in
this regard. Vertical farms can produce a wide range of high-quality crops all year
round by utilizing innovative cultivation techniques such as hydroponics or aeroponics,
meeting changing consumer preferences while reducing reliance on traditional farming
practices that are susceptible to weather fluctuations and environmental degradation.
Muntinlupa City's excellent infrastructure, with a score of 5, demonstrates its

ability to accept and support contemporary agricultural methods. A well-developed
urban landscape with improved utilities and services creates an ideal setting for the
creation and management of vertical farms. Access to dependable energy, water
supply, and internet access ensures that agricultural operations run smoothly, while
modern facilities allow for the deployment of novel farming practices designed to
enhance efficiency and output.
The city's dedication to environmental sustainability, as seen by its high score

for Environmental Techniques, strengthens its appropriateness for hosting a vertical
farm venture. Muntinlupa City's proactive approach to environmental protection and the
implementation of eco-friendly techniques are in sync with the spirit of vertical farming.
Vertical farms may contribute to the city's overall sustainability goals by decreasing
resource consumption, lowering carbon footprints, and mitigating agricultural runoff, all
while fostering resilience to climate change and food poverty.
Muntinlupa City also received a good grade for Social Acceptance, indicating a
friendly society open to new agricultural solutions. Engaging local stakeholders, such

as people, companies, and government agencies, is critical to the success of any

agricultural initiative. Muntinlupa City's comprehensive approach to community
participation promotes cooperation, information exchange, and regulatory
harmonization, establishing the framework for a vibrant ecosystem that supports the
growth and spread of vertical farming programs.
e. Possible Sites
i. Site 1
The location is a nearly 3.5-hectare plot of property flanked by Civic
Drive, Corporate Avenue, and the SLEX Filinvest exit. It is near major
business establishments, corporate offices, and shopping malls such as
Festival Supermall Alabang and Commercenter Alabang. Some real estate
and residential structures around the site include Aspen Condominium, La Vie
Flats by Filinvest, and Mondrian Residences Condominium. There are a few
government offices and a hospital nearby, including the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), the Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, and the
Asian Hospital and Medical Center.
The property is now a vacant block of land in Filinvest City's "City
Center" neighborhood. Filinvest Land, Inc. currently has no intended projects
to build on the land, making it one of the top alternatives for where the project
would be executed.
Fig. 2.1 The 3-hectare site located in Alabang, Muntinlupa, within the Filinvest City

Fig. 2.2 Sun Path Analysis
Fig. 2.3 Flood Hazard Analysis
ii. Site 2
The 7-hectare site was discovered on public ground 500 meters from
the Laguna de Bay, along Major J. Posadas Ave., E Service Road, Meralco
Road, and a service road linking Major J. Posadas Ave. and Meralco Road.
Existing projects in the area include Vista Mall Lakefront - The Wharf,
Escalades South Metro, WalterMart Muntinlupa West, and the Robinsons
Supermarket Mega Distribution Center.
At the present, neither a business organization nor the local
government is using the site. Nonetheless, its proximity to major roads such as
the Sucat - SLEX road networks, as well as a good mix of residential buildings
and industrial warehouses nearby, make it a viable project site option.
Fig. 2.4 The 2.5 hectare site located in Sucat, Muntinlupa, 500m away from Laguna de
Bay

iii. Site 3
The 1.85-hectare plot is now unoccupied property near the Susana
Heights Exit of the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX). It is delimited by the
Susana Heights Access Road and SLEX/MJanila (Northbound), but can only
be accessed via the Pan-Phillipine Highway. There is a lot of wild grass, but
less trees than the other places. The site's location is ideal, as it is near a
major highway such as the Pan-Philippine Highway, as well as existing
commercial businesses such as SM Center Muntinlupa, a number of low-rise
residential buildings, and the border between Muntinlupa and Laguna.

Fig. 2.7 The 1.85-hectare site located in Tunasan, Muntinlupa

Fig. 2.9 Landslide Hazard Analysis

f. Evaluation of Project SItes

The ultimate site selection would be based on the criteria established, taking
into account the project needs indicated above. The rating would be on a scale of 1 to
5, with 5 being the highest, and then multiplied by the factor's relative weight, which is
determined by its level of relevance. The site that has the greatest total will be
selected.
CRITERIA Relative SIte 1 SIte 2 SIte 3

Weight
Proximity to Transportation 25 4 (1.00) 4 (1.00) 3 (0.75)

Terminals and Routes
Size of Lot 25 4 (1.00) 5 (1.24) 3 (0.75)
Proximity to Potential 20 5 (1.00) 4 (0.80) 4 (0.80)

Consumers, Suppliers, and
Users
Vertical Heights of 15 5 (0.75) 5 (0.75) 5 (0.75)

Surrounding Structures
Site Orientation 15 5 (0.75) 5 (0.75) 5 (0.75)
TOTAL 100 4.5 4.54 3.8
Rating Description
5 It follows the conditions set and factors fit the project perfectly.
4 It has some minor issues but still complements the project

requirements.
3 It still fulfills the minimum requirements but needs mitigation of

negative elements.
2 Does not fulfill the requirement set for the site but is workable.
1 Does not contain any redeeming qualities for specific criterion.
The weight was allocated according to its importance. Because the project is a
commercial and tourism center, connectivity to transportation terminals was prioritized.
The structure must be accessible to persons traveling from various regions of the
nation, including automobile drivers from adjacent cities and provinces, commuter
buses and public utility vehicles, and rail lines from the airport. Because of the project's

scope and needs, the lot size is equally important. The closeness to suppliers, buyers,
and users is also significant since they will utilize the facility, but not as much as the
other elements because if the structure is helpful, big stakeholders such as suppliers
and delivery will visit it. Vertical heights of adjacent structures should also be
addressed, but are not given as much weight as other aspects because of the use of
CEA, which examines plants' ability to thrive in artificial conditions. The site orientation
is also assigned a relatively modest weight because the project will survive even if the
experience variables are diminished.
All three proposed sites are near SLEX exits; the first is adjacent to the SLEX
FIlinvest exit, the second to the SLEX SUcat exit, and the third to the SLEX Susana
Heights exit, ensuring that all three sites are well-connected to visitors coming to and
from Metro Manila, as well as those coming from CALABARZON, specifically Laguna
and Batangas. Public utility vehicles also pass by these locations, making them good
locations. However, of the three locations, site 2 has the most direct access to PUV
terminals, specifically the Sucat-Market Market Terminal and the
Sucat-Lawton-Baclaran Terminal, both of which are around 100m from the site.
Site 2 has the largest benefit in terms of lot size, followed by sites 1, and 3. In
contrast to site 3, which has a lot size of less than 3 hectares, the first two sites offer
more than 3 hectares of land, which is more than enough for the planned project.
Given the possibility of future extension, additional landscaping, and a road network for
trucks and deliveries, site 2 provides the most expansive land of the three site options,
as well as a reasonably regular-shaped land that makes it much easier to plan and
build.
All of the sites are near residential areas, but Site 2 stands out from the rest.
The second site is located directly across the boundary of Sucat - Paranaque - Taguig,
making it easier for consumers and visitors from the southern portion of Metro Manila
to visit the project; additionally, it is close to major commercial developments and
residential areas ranging from low- to high-income classes. The first location is located
in Filinvest City's City Center neighborhood, offering it the same benefit; however, the
region is part of a special economic zone, therefore the project's future may not be
possible here. The third location is difficult to reach for guests traveling from other
regions of Metro Manila due to a lack of surrounding city links such as road
connections or PUV terminals. Despite having a large population of residential regions,
the lack of connectivity from nearby cities makes this site the least competitive.
The city of Muntinlupa has less vertical structures. Although there are several,
there is not a high concentration in one location, and they appear to be well
proportional to the city's low and middle-rise structures. The first site is around 100m
away from a nearby high-rise condominium, while the structures within 100m are
primarily low and medium-rise. Within a 100-meter radius of the second and third sites,
there are largely low and medium-rise structures, which offers them an advantage
because nothing blocks the views or casts shadows on the building from all directions.
As an urban farming and agri-tourism facility, the amount of sunshine is a
crucial consideration when selecting a location. All of the selected locations have a

north-south facing side with an unobstructed view. The first and second sites' longer
sides face the North-South axis, allowing for maximum sunshine and shade. This is the
ideal design for an agritourism establishment that relies on sunshine for plant
development and shade for user comfort. Between the two leading options, site two
has the finest view, as its east side faces Laguna de Bay. The third site is a corner lot
with a North-South facing shorter side; while the location has clear views, the current
views are not very appealing because it is located directly across SLEX and hectares
of residential complexes and industrial warehouses.
Based on the evaluation results, the second site (Sucat, Muntinlupa) is the
best alternative since it meets the majority of the project's needs. Although the
alternative locations are usable and will give additional benefits over the chosen site,
they may not be able to clearly meet the project's demands.
B. Macro - Meso Site Analysis

a. Region: National Capital Region (NCR)
Fig. 3.1 Metro Manila Map
Metro Manila is a demographic melting pot, with more than 12 million people
living in 17 cities and municipalities. This enormous population is made up of a variety
of cultures, languages, and ethnicities, reflecting the Philippines' rich history and
migration. The demographic environment is fluid, shaped by both internal migration
from rural provinces and foreign migration, which contribute to the region's lively social
fabric and economic activity.
Infrastructure in Metro Manila is a two-edged sword, marked by both growth
and issues. While the region has contemporary facilities and infrastructure such as
roads, bridges, and skyscrapers, it has significant transportation challenges. Traffic
congestion is widespread, worsened by insufficient public transit networks and an
increasing number of automobiles. Efforts to remedy this include expanding mass
transport systems such as Metro Rail transport (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), and
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). However, physical development frequently lags behind

increased urbanization, putting pressure on utilities like water supply and sanitation
systems, particularly in informal settlements.
Metro Manila is the Philippines' economic powerhouse, with numerous
industries including banking, manufacturing, services, and commerce. The region's
strategic position and strong infrastructure make it an appealing destination for both
domestic and foreign business. However, economic differences are significant, with
rich business areas contrasted with large informal settlements and impoverished
neighborhoods. Addressing these disparities necessitates deliberate efforts to foster
inclusive growth and equitable economic opportunity.
Metro Manila has several environmental concerns, the most serious of which
being pollution. Vehicle emissions, industrial operations, and insufficient waste
management all contribute to air and water pollution, which endangers inhabitants'
health and lowers their standard of living. Furthermore, the region's susceptibility to
natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, and earthquakes highlights the critical need
for climate resilience and sustainable urban development.
Rapid urbanization has impacted the social dynamics of Metro Manila,
resulting in the rise of informal communities and barangays. While the region provides
access to a wide range of social services, including healthcare and education,
discrepancies remain, with underprivileged populations experiencing challenges to key
facilities and resources. Strengthening social infrastructure and encouraging social
cohesiveness are critical for supporting inclusive development and resolving urban
inequities.
Metro Manila's governance is complicated, with various local government units
(LGUs) responsible for distinct districts. This fragmented government system makes it
difficult to coordinate regional development activities and solve shared concerns like
transportation congestion, environmental degradation, and social injustice. Efforts to
promote metropolitan planning and collaborative governance, led by organizations
such as the Metropolitan Manila growth Authority (MMDA), seek to improve LGU
coordination and collaboration for long-term urban growth.
b. City: Muntinlupa City

Fig. 3.2 Muntinlupa Map
Muntinlupa City has a diverse population and way of life. With a population of
about half a million, it represents a diverse variety of socioeconomic origins, from
luxury gated neighborhoods to informal slums. Understanding the demographic mix is
critical for urban planners in tailoring policies and services to the various requirements
of their population.
The city's infrastructure is generally well-developed, with major roads and
thoroughfares connecting it to other cities. The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) runs
through the city, enabling transit and business. However, traffic congestion persists,
particularly during peak hours, demanding measures to increase mobility and alleviate
congestion.
Muntinlupa City is a vibrant center of business and trade. It is home to several
industrial parks and commercial hubs, notably the Filinvest City business district, which
houses both global firms and local businesses. The presence of these economic zones
greatly benefits the city's income generating and job prospects.
The City has urban-specific environmental difficulties such as pollution, waste
management, and flood danger. Because of its closeness to Laguna de Bay, the city is
prone to flooding, demanding strong flood mitigation measures and long-term urban
design to reduce environmental degradation and increase climate resilience.
Muntinlupa City has a lively community fiber, with active civic groups and
cultural projects that enhance the social scene. However, like many metropolitan
areas, it has difficulties like inequality, violence, and access to essential amenities.
Building social cohesiveness and encouraging inclusion are critical for instilling a sense
of belonging in people and increasing their overall quality of life.

c. Barangay
Fig. 3.3 Sucat, Muntinlupa Map
Sucat is a lively region in the southern portion of Metro Manila, Philippines,

featuring a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Sucat is located on the
border of Muntinlupa City and Parañaque City, with generally flat to gradually rising
terrain towards the seashore. The Sucat River flows through the region, impacting land
use and drainage patterns. Its closeness to Laguna de Bay exposes it to flood
concerns during the rainy season. The climate is mostly tropical, with distinct wet and
dry seasons that affect vegetation and outdoor activities.
Sucat's population is diversified, representing a variety of socioeconomic
categories. Residential areas vary from informal settlements to gated neighborhoods
and high-rise condominiums. The presence of educational institutions, healthcare
facilities, and religious establishments indicates a thriving community life. transit
infrastructure, such as main roads and public transit hubs, improves connection within
and beyond the district.
Sucat is a large economic hub that supports a variety of businesses, including
manufacturing, warehousing, and retail. Its excellent position near major roads and the
Ninoy Aquino International Airport improves accessibility for enterprises. Commercial
businesses such as malls, marketplaces, and restaurants serve both inhabitants and
visitors. The development of industrial zones increases job prospects while also raising
worries about environmental contamination and land use issues.
Despite its urbanization, Sucat has pockets of green space, including parks,
empty lots, and tree-lined avenues. However, fast development and population
increase put a strain on natural resources and ecosystems. Air and water pollution,
waste management, and biodiversity loss are all issues that must be addressed in
order to maintain sustainable growth. Efforts to improve green infrastructure and

encourage eco-friendly behaviors are critical to reducing environmental deterioration

and improving quality of life.
Sucat, Muntinlupa City, shows a dynamic landscape influenced by physical,
social, economic, and environmental factors. Understanding these traits is critical for
making educated decisions about urban planning, infrastructure development, and
community participation. Balancing the requirements of inhabitants, companies, and
the environment is critical to building a resilient and livable area for present and future
generations.
C. Micro Site Analysis: The Site and Its Immediate Environs

a. Physical Attributes
Fig. 3.7 Physical characteristics map of the site

i. Location
Fig. 3.8 Site Vicinity map and existing landmarks

The site is located in the commercial district of Sucat, Muntinlupa
based on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan by the Local Government Unit.
The property is found along Meralco Road, and Capt. Toti Posadas Avenue.
The site occupies 7.44 hectares of land.
Fig. 3.9 The site is found within the National Capital Region, in the city of Muntinlupa
City in Barangay Sucat.

ii. Access
(insert Access map for vehicular and pedestrian circulation)
Fig. 4.0 Physical characteristics map of the site
1. Vehicular Access
Fig. 4.1 The traffic and navigation map of the site vicinity (Image retrieved from Google
Maps)
The site is accessible from almost all sides. The main
entrances may be found along the side facing the Meralco road. All
the roads employ a two-way traffic scheme bisected by a plantstrip in
the middle.
2. Transit Access
Based on Google Maps, The site is near the Sucat Tatawid-
Lawton - Baclaran Terminal. The site can be located on the opposite
side of the said Terminal.
3. Pedestrian Access
While the area is not considered as a pedestrianized area,
The sidewalks around the site are shaded with a few trees and only a
few pedestrian lanes can be seen on the site.
The site is near Vista Mall Lakefront - The Wharf which makes
the site very accessible to possible customers.
iii. Geology and Morphology
1. Soils
Based on the Bureau of Soils and Water Management
(BSWM), the soils of Muntinlupa belong to two series namely:
Guadalupe and Quingua.

Sucat, Muntinlupa fall under Guadalupe Clay which is residual

soil of water laid volcanic tuff. The substratum of Guadalupe series is
Diliman Tuff, a massive suite of soft tuffaceous. Quaternary volcanic
rocks formed from water laid volcanic sediments, part of the
Guadalupe formation which is also referred to as the Guadalupe Tuff.
Fig. 4.2. Soil Map from BSWM

2. Geology
The underlying geologic formation found in Sucat, Muntinlupa
is composed of Guadalupe tuff. It also sits on volcanic plains which
are extinct, buried by urban development and industrialization.
iv. Topography
The site is situated in Sucat, Muntinlupa has a relatively flat topography with
some variations in elevation, ranging from 1 meter to 40 meters above sea level. The

average elevation of the area covered by the map is 15 meters above sea level. This
indicates that, on average, the terrain is relatively flat.
Fig 4.3. Elevation of Sea Level Sucat, Muntinlupa

v. Hydrology and Drainage
vi. Climate
1. Rainfall
The average rainfall experienced in the year is 2155. This will
vary according to the climate variations like typhoons. The driest
month is January exhibiting a mere 34 mm of precipitation. The month
of July experiences the highest amount of precipitation, with an
average value of 404 mm.
Fig 4.4. Annual Precipitation in millimeters of Muntinlupa City
2. Temperature
The average temperature experienced in the city is 29.42ºC, which
is 2.2% higher than the Philippines's averages. The coldest temperatures are
typically experienced around the month of January with 30ºC, while hottest is
in the month of April with 34ºC.

Fig 4.4. Annual Temperature of Muntinlupa City
3. Winds
The average wind speed in the Muntinlupa area ranges from
13 - 22 kilometers per hour (kph). Prevailing winds come from the
Northeastern part or the Amihan during November to February, and
the Southwest part or the Habagat during July to September. Strong
and cool winds are usually occurring during the month March, and
minimal winds during September.
Fig 4.5. Average Wind Speed of the Muntinlupa City
vii. Environmental Hazards

Fig 4.6.Hazard Map of Muntinlupa City
1. Earthquakes
The West Valley Fault System is a major active fault line in the
Philippines that runs through several provinces which includes Metro
Manila. The site is near the western side of the fault line. “According to
DOST - PHIVOLCS, The last movement of the fault was in 1658,
which makes it possible to assume that an activity is expected in the
coming years. The West Valley Fault is expected to deliver a 6.0 to 7.0
magnitude earthquake known as the Big One” -(Sabillo, 2021)

Fig 4.7 West Valley Fault Line location based on HazardHunterpH

2. Floods
Due to the intensity of typhoons that pass throughout the year,

Flooding is one of the major hazards that the Philippines face. Due to
the geographical location of the site, based on the 100-year flood
hazard released by Project NOAH, some parts of the located site will
be affected by the upcoming floods but its hazard is only low.
Fig 4.8 100-year flood hazard map based on Project NOAH

3. Liquefaction
Based on the HazardHunterPH hazard map, liquefaction does not

affect the site at all. The site is not relatively close to the nearby
bodies of water which makes it safe from Liquefaction.
Fig 4.9 Liquefaction hazard location based on HazardHunterpH

b. Land Use and Legal Attributes
i. Survey of Utilities
1. Electricity Lines
On the proposed site, there are two nearby stations that could provide
electricity for the project. MERALCO and Sucat Thermal Plant.
Electricity distribution poles are distributed along the roads around the
site. The site is located near establishments such as residentials,
institutionals, industrial and such. These establishments also have
access to these electrical lines.

Fig 5.0 Locations and distance of MERALCO and Sucat Thermal Plants from the site
2. Water Lines

The company that supplies water to Sucat, Muntinlupa is the Maynilad

Water Services, Inc. The site is also located near residential and
industrial structures which is where water and sewage lines pass by.
3. Telecommunication Lines
There are various telecommunication facilities located in Muntinlupa
such as Globe Telecom, Smart Communications and Philippine Long
Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), these facilities are the
providers for the area's communication services. A couple of electric
distribution poles are located around the site and telecommunication
lines are in line with it. Telecommunication service is a necessity in the
area due to its surrounding residential establishments
4. Drainage Lines
Fig 5.1 Drainage Map of Muntinlupa City

5. Fire Protection
The site has a nearby the Sucat Fire Sub Station which is on the
Eastern side of the site. The site can be easily accessible via the
Meralco road which makes it easier for fire trucks to access various
parts of the site. The Sucat Fire Sub Station is distanced 1.2km from
the selected site
Fig 5.2 Location of Fire protection elements in Sucat, Muntinlupa City

Fig 5.3 Distance of Fire protection elements in Sucat, Muntinlupa City
c. Human and Cultural Attributes

i. Population Level
The National Capital Region (NCR), often known as Metropolitan Manila, is the
Philippines' capital region located in the southwest corner of the island of Luzon. NCR
is one of the top three most populous cities in the Philippines. Caloocan, Las Pinas,
Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Manila, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Paranaque,
Pasay, Pasig, Pateros, Quezon, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela are among the 16
cities in the region. According to the 2020 census, barangay Sucat in Muntinlupa has
a population of 56,354 people. This is 10.37% of the city's total population. Sucat is
the fifth most populated barangay in Muntinlupa.(Philatlas, n.d.)

Fig. 5.4. Population Growth of Sucat, Muntinlupa
Fig. 5.5. Population Growth of Sucat, Muntinlupa

The latest census figures in 2020 denote a negative growth rate of 0.42%, or a
decrease of 1,150 people, from the previous population of 57,504 in 2015.
ii. Sensory
1. Vistas Around the SIte
This refers to the views that can be seen from the inside the
site looking outward.
From the Western Side of the site, the E Service Road and
layers of road of South Luzon Expressway Southbound Exit (SLEX)
can be seen which does not provide a great view, it's just big scale

columns on roads. On the Southern side of the site, the Meralco Road
and Sucat Tatawid- Lawton Baclaran Terminal can be seen which are
just ordinary structures in the area.
The Northern portion of the site is the Vista Mall Lakefront -
The Wharf, a shopping Mall and Residential areas on besides which
can provide a great of the urban environment since it is landscaped
and there's a Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal National Shrine
Parish that can be seen from far away after the residential area. At the
Eastern side, there is a vacant lot besides the site location and some
residential and commercial areas with low-rise structures.
2. Vistas to the Site

This refers to the views that pedestrians and passersby have
from outside the site. People passing by South Luzon Expressway
Southbound Exit will have the clearest view of the site since it has an
unobstructed view from the above. People inside the PNR will be able
to see the upper site when the train passes by, which is an important
factor for the project as a tourism facility. People residing in Posadas
Village and the existing structures in the part of Meralco Road will be
able to see the whole site as well as those nearby structures.
3. Noise Sources
The site is bounded by roads from all sides, noise will be
abundant. Most of the noise will come from the southwest part of the
site which is the South Luzon Expressway Southbound Exit (SLEX)
where traffic congestion usually occurs. Noise will also emanate from
Meralco Road and Major J. Posada Avenue for they are major roads
as well which is traversed by a significant number of cars and public
utility vehicles throughout the day. Aside from cars, the PNR line
passing along the eastern side of the site will also cause some noise
when the train passes by.
4. Olfactory Elements
The streets are always filled with smoke-emitting cars and public
utility vehicles which may cause various unpleasant smells and can
contribute to the difficulty in breathing of pedestrians. Smoke is prevalent
along South Luzon Expressway Southbound Exit (SLEX) and Meralco
Road, while Mayor J. Posadas Ave does not receive too much traffic and has
plantstrips trees which makes it a much more pleasant road for pedestrians.
5. Significant Structures
a. Vista Mall Lakefront - The Wharf

A timeless classic, that is what Vista Mall Lakefront is. Its

iconic look is easily recognizable as it marvels by-passers
along SLEX and Sucat service road. Situated along one of the
South’s busiest intersections, Vista Mall Lakefront is a
welcome retreat from the fast-paced metro lifestyle residents
are used to. (VistaMall)
Fig. 5.6. Google map view of Vista Mall Lakefront
Fig. 5.7. Photography of Vista Mall Lakefront

d. Site Inventory
i. Physical Attributes
The site can be considered as a gentle slope where the whole site is
a buildable area. The highest elevation is at the corner of Mayor J. Posadas
Ave and E Service Road with a 27-meter elevation above sea level. The
lowest point is found at the corner of Meralco road and Capitan T. Posadas
Avenue at the East side of the site, which has a 11-meter elevation above sea
level.
From the westward viewpoint of the site, one can observe the E
Service Road and layers of roads from the South Luzon Expressway
Southbound Exit (SLEX), presenting an unremarkable sight characterized by
large-scale columns on the roads.First Balfour, RBS Concrete, ABB, DB
Schenker, Handling Innovation Inc., Marcelo Green Elementary School and an
ongoing construction of Bloom Residence by SMDC can be found on the other
side of SLEX. On the southern aspect of the site, the Meralco Road and Sucat
Tatawid-Lawton Baclaran Terminal, Sucat - Bagong Bayan Terminal, and
Muntinlupa City Police Station are visible, as well as some residential in the
area. Escalades South Metro, Robinson Supermarket Mega Distribution
Center, RLX Logistic & Facilities, M&X Samyupwings Sucat Branch, Seaquest
Logistic Inc., and Acro Distribution Network Inc, are the existing structures
within the Southern part of the site.
The northern segment of the site offers views of Vista Mall Lakefront -
The Wharf Shopping mall, and besides is Posadas Village. Additionally, the
Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal National Shrine Parish can be seen from
afar, situated beyond the residential expanse.The vegetation covers the site
with a great amount of trees and wild grass.
ii. Land Use Attributes

The vistas from the site are road networks, bus terminal, residential
areas, national shrine parish, and a shopping mall. These listed vistas
can impact the site due to their own purpose which can bring more
possible customers. The main access point of the site for vehicles and
pedestrians is the northern-side of the site due to its access and
vehicle flow. There’s also a footbridge that is connected to the other
side of the intersection. The site is enclosed by a row of trees and a
metal fence. There are also numerous tents that can be seen on the
northern side of the site when viewed on Google maps. Major noise
sources may come from the vehicles such as private cars, tricycles,
buses that use the Meralco road on the northern side, E service road
and Metro Manila Skyway on the western side, and Capt Toti Posadas
Ave on the east side.

iii. Biological Attributes

The site is mostly covered by wild vegetation such as grass, shrubs, and trees.
The site’s edges are covered by a row of medium-height trees and if the site is
viewed from an aerial view some part of it is covered by dried grasses and soil.
The row of trees on the edge could help the filtration of the air.
The major source of foul odor may come from the smoke that the vehicles
emit. The site is prone to air pollution due to it being located near a major road
and a skyway. Adding a green landscape in addition to the vegetation of the
site might help with the air problem by limiting the amount of air pollution.
There are no notable flora and fauna with the site that may affect the
development of the project
iv.Site Analysis
The site has a gently sloping terrain with the highest point is at the western
side facing E Service Rd. and the lowest point is at the eastern side facing the
Capt Toti Posadas Ave. The lowest point is still inside the lot, this may pose a
problem because it may accumulate run-off waters. Due to this problem, it can
be used as an advantage because septic tanks and drainage lines can be
located there. With the lines of trees in the northern side of the site, this can be
used as an advantage to locate a communal area where people can enjoy a
cool shade from the trees, also the Meralco road and the property line of the
site is separated by a 2-way road which makes the communal space distanced
from the main road. Considering the view of the skyway and the hottest part of
the day, it is both on the west side of the site. Spaces that are less likely to be
used by the people can be located there. The side where it meets the
curvature of the 2-way road can be used as a drop-off point or an entry point
for vehicles and pedestrians.
e. SWOT Analysis
STRENGTHS
● The site is surrounded by establishments such as residentials, commercials,

institutional, and other examples like terminals, food hubs, etc
● Site size is vast which gives us opportunities to build a communal space
WEAKNESSES
● The site is located near the area of an expressway and a skyway which
makes it prone to pollution
OPPORTUNITIES
● Since the site is in the middle, it may attract potential customers

● The vast land may be converted into a landscape which may attract more

people
THREATS
● Based from Project Noah, the site may be affected by a flood

● Based from HazardHunter PH, The site is only a few meters away from the
fault line
● Lack of pedestrian lane on Meralco Road
Table : SIte SWOT Analysis
D. Initial Site Schematic Diagram
a. Different User Types Access points
i. Accessibility Matrix
SPACES Administration Technica Maintenance Tourists Tourists Market

l Staff + Security (Paying) (Free Visitors
Access)
Lobby A A A A A A
Offices A C C N N N
Conference A C C N N N
Rooms
Growing C A C A C N
Area
Technical C A C A N N
Rooms
Disinfection C A C A C N
Area
Security N N A N N N
Room
Research C A C N N N
Area
Restaurant A A A A A A
Market A A A A A A
Commercial A A A A A A
Stalls
Gardens A A A A A A
Common A A A A A A
Area
Delivery & C C A N N N
Receiving
Area
Slaughter & C C A N N N
Storage
Area
Parking C C A N N N

Utilities N A A N N N
A Accessible
C Conditional Access
N Not Accessible
Table : Accessibility Matrix of Major Spaces

b. Location and Orientation Based on User Flow
i. Space Transitions
The facility is normally available to the public for business, tourist,
educational, and recreational uses. Public places dominate the site where
people may remain, but there are also highly technological spaces that must
be protected from public access. Transition zones will be designated to protect
the security of these locations, serving as buffer spaces for private areas.
ADMINISTRATION
Figure 1: Transition Space DIagram for Administration Area
FOOD PRODUCTION
Figure 2: Transition Space for Food Production Area
FOOD AND BEVERAGE

Figure 3:Transition Space Diagram for Food and Beverage Stations
COMMERCIAL
Figure 4: Transition Space DIagram for Commercial Area

Chapter III. Design Inputs
A. Design Standards and Pertinent Laws

1. Review of Related Literature
a. Local Related Literature (5)
i.
ii. Summary
iii. Points and Features
iv. Relatedness
b. Foreign Related Literature
i. The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century,
(Despommier, 2010)
The book explores the concept of vertical farming as a
sustainable solution to address global food challenges. Despommier
argues that traditional agriculture is inefficient, environmentally
harmful, and unable to meet the increasing demand for food due to
population growth and urbanization.
The author introduces the idea of growing crops in vertically
stacked layers or vertically inclined surfaces within urban
environments. Vertical farming utilizes controlled environments,
hydroponic or aeroponic systems, and advanced technologies to
optimize resource use, reduce environmental impact, and enhance
food production efficiency.The literature also discusses the potential
benefits of vertical farming, including year-round crop production,
reduced land and water usage, minimal transportation costs, and the
ability to grow food in urban areas where populations are
concentrated.
Despommier suggests that vertical farms could contribute to
sustainable agriculture and help address issues such as food
insecurity, climate change, and depletion of natural
resources.Despommier presents a vision for the potential of vertical
farming to play a significant role in feeding the growing global
population in the 21st century.
ii. "Plant Factory: An Indoor Vertical Farming System for Efficient
Quality Food Production, (Kozai et al., 2016)
The literature explores the concept of plant factories as an
innovative approach to indoor vertical farming. The book delves into
the design, technology, and management aspects of plant factories,
providing insights into how this system can be used for efficient and
high-quality food production.
The authors discuss various elements of plant factories,
including controlled environments, lighting systems, and nutrient

delivery, emphasizing the potential benefits of these factors in

achieving optimal plant growth and crop yield. The book also
addresses the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as
artificial intelligence and automation, to enhance the overall efficiency
and productivity of indoor vertical farming.
Overall, the authors present a comprehensive overview of the
plant factory concept, showcasing its potential to revolutionize food
production by providing a controlled and resource-efficient
environment for plant cultivation. The book serves as a valuable
resource for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts interested in
exploring and implementing indoor vertical farming systems for
sustainable and high-quality food production.
iii. Farming the City: Food as a Tool for Today’s Urbanization

(Miazzo & Minkjan, 2013)
The literature delves into the challenges and opportunities
presented by the growing trend of urbanization, emphasizing the
importance of sustainable and locally integrated food systems.
The authors discuss various innovative approaches to
incorporating agriculture into urban spaces, such as rooftop gardens,
community gardens, and vertical farming. It also explores how these
initiatives not only contribute to local food production but also foster
community engagement, social cohesion, and environmental
sustainability.
It also highlights the potential of urban farming to address
issues related to food security, economic inequality, and environmental
degradation. By examining case studies and real-world examples, the
book showcases how urban agriculture can be a powerful tool for
transforming cities into more resilient, inclusive, and environmentally
conscious places.Overall, it advocates for a rethinking of urban
development that prioritizes the integration of food systems into city
planning, promoting a more sustainable and interconnected approach
to urban living.
iv. Vertical Farms as Sustainable Food Production in Urban Areas:

Addressing the Context of Developed and Developing Countries
(Giurgiu et al., 2015)
Food stands as a fundamental necessity for human survival,
but factors such as population growth, urbanization, and climate
change exert considerable pressure on space and resource allocation.
This literature explores the unsustainable nature of traditional farming
and food supply strategies in the face of these challenges. In

response, Urban Farming emerges as a solution, aiming to repurpose

urban spaces for plant cultivation.
One innovative approach involves Vertical Farms, enclosed
facilities that maintain precise control over the environment, enabling
the year-round production of high-quality and high-quantity fresh food.
Despite their advantages, the limited number of such facilities
worldwide is attributed to substantial initial investments and ongoing
maintenance costs. This issue is exacerbated when viewed in the
context of the economic disparity between the Global North and
Global South, making it a formidable challenge to overcome.
This paper delves into the intricacies of Vertical Farming,
breaking down its complex components and exploring how these
elements can be adapted for contexts with economic instability. To
illustrate this, the study examines the Brick Born Farming project in
Dresden, Germany. The project's progress and development
demonstrate the potential transferability of knowledge to diverse
economic and social contexts. By addressing global challenges with
local solutions, there is a prospect for improved global stability and
equal opportunities for development, ultimately aiming to achieve food
security.
v. Sustainability of Vertical Farming in Comparison with

Conventional Farming: A Case Study in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan,
on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprint (Liu et al., 2022)
This literature discusses the reduced nutrient requirements in
vertical farming (VF), suggesting a potential for lower environmental
impact compared to conventional farming.
The study evaluates the environmental impacts of VF,
focusing on a case study in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, post-2011 Great
East Japan Earthquake. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) footprints of
VF for vegetables are analyzed, revealing a decrease in N and P
footprints with increased prefectural self-sufficiency through VF.
The study emphasizes VF's role in reducing food supply risks,
environmental impacts, and its suitability for providing reliable local
food in various scenarios worldwide, especially in regions vulnerable
to climate change.
vi. Summary
vii. Points and Features
viii. Relatedness
2. Pertinent Laws
a. National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096) - Rule VII and VIII
b. Accessibility Law (BP 344)
c. Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514)

d. Plumbing Code of the Philippines (RA 1378)

e. other
B. Design Concepts
a. Design Theory
b. Design Philosophy
c. Design Concept
d. Design Consideration
C. Specialized Allied Services
Chapter IV. Architectural Programming

A. Architectural Design Development
1. Site Planning and Site Programming
2. Building Space Programming
3. Design Constraints
4. Initial Design Translation
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Al-Kodmany, K. (2018). The vertical farm: A review of developments and implications for the vertical
city. Buildings, 8(2), 24.
Ahmed, F., Ali, I., Kousar, S., & Ahmed, S. (2022). The environmental impact of industrialization and
foreign direct investment: empirical evidence from Asia-Pacific region. Environmental Science
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Beacham, A. M., Vickers, L. H., & Monaghan, J. M. (2019). Vertical farming: a summary of approaches
to growing skywards. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 94(3), 277-283.
Benyam, A., Soma, T., & Fraser, E. D. G. (2021). Digital agricultural technologies for food loss and
waste prevention and reduction: Global trends, adoption opportunities and barriers. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 323, 129099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129099
Birkby, J. (2016). Vertical farming. ATTRA sustainable agriculture, 2, 1-12.
Chatterjee, A., Debnath, S., & Pal, H. (2020). Implication of urban agriculture and vertical farming for
future sustainability. In Urban horticulture-Necessity of the future. IntechOpen.De Bruin, S.,
Dengerink, J., & Van Vliet, J. (2021). Urbanisation as driver of food system transformation and

opportunities for rural livelihoods. Food Security, 13(4), 781–798.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01182-8
Djan, M. A. (2023). Urban Food Security: Examining the Unique Challenges and Opportunities
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Safety, 15(9), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91335
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Kalantari, F., Tahir, O. M., Joni, R. A., & Fatemi, E. (2018). Opportunities and challenges in
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00531-w
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712-713.
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A proposed Integrated Vertical Building for Sustainable Farming, Community Living, and Commercial Exchange in Manila City , Manila

Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila

TORRE DE VIDA : A PROPOSED INTEGRATED VERTICAL FARMING AND URBAN

AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROPOSAL TO

REQUIREMENTS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 1

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 2

Chapter I. Project Background

b. Background of the Study

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 3

Consequently, the agricultural landscape stands at the brink of a transformative

i. Rising Urbanization and Limited Agricultural Space

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 4

Metro Manila's rapid urbanization has far-reaching effects on the agricultural

ii. Population Growth and Food Insecurity

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 5

iii. Vertical Farming vs. Greenhouse Farming

Agriculture in the Philippines is experiencing a transformation, with the

Aeroponics is a plant-growth technique that involves suspending plant roots in

Aquaponics is the combination of fish farming (aquaculture) and hydroponics

Modern technology, such as artificial lighting, hydroponic systems, and other

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 6

iv. Public Nutrition and Reduced Food Miles

The Philippines has several nutritional concerns, including malnutrition,

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 7

Access to healthy food is critical in tackling these difficulties, hence it is critical to

v. Urban Agriculture and Agritourism

Urban agriculture is the production of crops and the keeping of animals in

Urban agriculture may integrate sustainable growing methods including

Agritourism can boost the economy by producing employment and supporting

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 8

Figure 1.1 Muntinlupa City Seal and Logo

a. The project is implemented by the Local Government of Muntinlupa through various

Figure 1.2 Department of Agrarian Reform Logo

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 9

b. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) is responsible for the promotion of

Figure 1.3 Department of Agriculture Logo

Figure 1.4 Department of Trade and Industry Logo

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 10

Figure 1.5 Department of Environment and Natural Resources Logo

Figure 1.6 Department of Science and Technology Logo

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 11

hard to secure. It aims to reduce the reliance on imported food which

D. Project Scope and Limitations

a. Limitations of the Study

b. Delimitation of the Study

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 12

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

● Significant data such ● Simplify the collected ● A proposed integrated

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 13

Chapter II. Site Justification

A. Site Selection Criteria

1. Accessibility and Distance:the site's closeness to key entrances, roads, and

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 14

1. Proximity to Transportation Terminals and Routes: the property should be

Figure 1.7 Makati City Map

Makati City is considered as one of the most progressive cities in the

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 15

ii. Quezon CIty

Figure 1.9 Quezon City Map

Quezon City's municipal government is one of the most environmentally

Adrales, Perez, Reblora - 2024 16

Figure 2.0 Muntinlupa City Map Muntinlupa