UNIT 3.

THE ATOM
1 . ATOMS
Search on page 55 to find the answer of the next questions. (From 1 to 6)
1. What did Dalton, at the beginning of the 19th century,establish?
2. What discovery meant that Dalton's theory being revised?.
3. Review the table of the particles´ mass and charge and answer:
● Protons and electrons have the same ________________but
different__________
● Protons and neutrons have similar___________________
● Electrons have a much smaller______________ than protons and
____________
4. How many kg are equivalent to 1u ?
5. What is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units?
6. How many coulombs ( C ) are equivalent to 1e?
1.1. WHAT ARE ATOMS LIKE?. Page 56

7. According to the Rutherford´s model of atom or planetary system as an atom

model:

● What does the nucleus contain?

● What is the shell made up?
● Atoms are neutral, therefore……
● What happens with the number of neutrons?

1.2. ATOMS AND ELECTRICITY.

8 .What charge does an atom become when it loses electrons?

9. Exercise 7 page 57.

10. Exercise 8 page 57.

11. Exercise 9 page 57

2 . ATOMS, ISOTOPES AND IONS

1. What does the atomic number, Z, indicate?

2. What does the mass number , A, indicate?
3. Exercise 11 page 58.
2.1. ISOTOPES

4. What are isotopes?.

5. The isotopes have the same number of______________ and

__________________ but different number of _____________________

6. Exercise 12 page 59.

2.2. THE ATOMIC MASS OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

7. What is the atomic mass of an isotope?.

8. What is the atomic mass of a chemical element?
9. With what formula we calculate the average atomic mass?
10. Exercise 13 page 60.

2.3. IONS.

11. What happens when an atom lose electrons ?.

12. What happens when an atom gain electrons?
13. Exercise 15 page 61.
 3 . A MORE ADVANCED ATOM.
1 .Find the missing words:

Electrons can only spin around the _____________ in one ________ at a time: the
_________ orbit, the ______________, the _______________, etc.

In each orbit the ____________________ has a certain amount of

________________. The _________________ of an electron does not
_______________ if it doesn´t _____________ orbit.

For an electron to pass to an ____________ orbit of the _____________, it has to

___________ energy.

When an electron passes ___________ an outer orbit to one which is

_____________ to the nucleus, it _____________ energy.

When an electron ______________ from an ___________ orbit to one which is

_________ to the _____________, it ______________ energy.

3.1 THE QUANTISED ATOM.

2 . How many electrons can be in each layer?

4 . RADIOACTIVITY.
1. What happens when the nuclei of the atoms of an element undergo a process?.

4.1. RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS.

2. What three kinds of radiation can emit the radioactive isotopes?

3. What alpha radiation is made of?. What can block the alpha rays?.

4. What beta radiation is made of?. What can block the beta rays?

5. What gamma radiation is made of?. What can block the gamma rays?
4.2. NUCLEAR FISSION.
6. When does nuclear fission occur?.

4.3. NUCLEAR FUSION.

7.When does nuclear fusion occur?.

8. What happens during nuclear fusion?.

9. Why it would be much better the nuclear fusion than the nuclear fission?

4.4. USES OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.

10. Which isotopes do the nuclear power plants use to produce energy from
fission?

11. The measuring the speed at which radioactive isotopes decay, can be
useful in various ways. Which are those ways?

12. What is the basis for radiotherapy and which isotopes are used?.

4.5. RADIOACTIVE WASTE.

13. What is the difference between low, medium activity and high activity
radioactive waste?.