Ain Shams university Third level of biotechnology program

Fac. of Agric. Name: Mariam Nashaat Mohamed

Botany Dept. Code : 20214377

The First Part

Clearly circle your answer!There is only one correct answer in the multiple-choicequestions.
1. Medium ingredients
a.inorganics.
b. organics.
c. plant growth regulators (PGRs).
d. a) and b).

2. Recommended shelf life of media and stocks

a. about 8 months.
b. about 4 months.
c. about 6 months.
d. about 2 months.
]
3. Required in relatively large amounts in tissue culture media.
a. explant.
b. macroelements.
c. micronutrients.
d.trace elements.

4. Required in trace amounts and often supplied in water or in media components.

a.callus.
b. macroelements.
c. micronutrients.
d.macronutrients.

5. Use carbon dioxide as their sole or principal carbon source.

a.heterotrophs.
b. autotrophs.
c. micronutrients.
d.trace elements.
6.Use organic molecules as carbon sources
a. heterotrophs.
b. autotrophs.
c. micronutrients.
d.macronutrients.

7. Stock solutions should be stored to retard bacterial and fungal growth.

a. at 4° C.
b. at 121° C.
c. at 0° C.
d. at 25° C.

8. Organic compounds must be filter sterilized.

a.IAA, GA, ABA.

b. antibiotic.
c. cytokinins.
d. a andb.

9. Physiology of in vitro plantlets.

a. low transpiration and net photosynthetic rates.
b. normal morphological development.
c. high respiration rate.
d. a) and c).

10. Anatomical characteristic of in vitro plantlets

a. little development of cuticle wax layer.
b. more stomatal density.
c. more development of palisade tissue.
d. more chloroplasts.

The second Part

Put "T" or "F" with each following sentences.
1. Stock solutions should be stored at 40° C to retard bacterial and fungal growth (False).4
2. Some organic compounds must be filter-sterilized (True).
3. Cytokinin functions in organogenesis(True).
4. Thiamine (vit. B1) is essential in vitro for CHO metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis(True).
5. Niacin and pyridoxine also aid root and shoot growth(True).
6. Stocks are usually made as 50x, 100x, 200x or 1000x the medium concentration (True).
7. Recommended shelf life for medium and stocks, about 2 months (True).
8. Shooting is manipulated by the auxin (high): cytokinin (low) ratios (False).Vice versa
9. Media and apparatus are rendered sterile by oven at 121°C for 15 minutes (False).
10. Amino acids function as coenzyme(False).
11. Vitamins needed for protein synthesis(False).
12. Stock solutions should be stored at 4° C to retard bacterial and fungal growth(True).
13. Activated charcoal is used as a detoxifying agent(True).
14. Stock solutions have several benefits(True).
15. Prepackaged mixes offer convenience(True).
16. Inside the vessel is low ion and sugar concentrations ( False).High
17. Inside the vessel is low relative humidity ( False ).High
18. Inside the vessel is limited gas exchange (True).
19. Inside the vessel is low light intensity (True).
20. Inside the vessel is low ethylene concentration (False).High
21. Low dissolved oxygen concentration especially in gelled media (True).
22. Low transpiration and photosynthesis rates in vitro(True).
23. High ethylene concentration in vitroled tonormal morphological development(False).
24. In vitro there is little development of cuticle wax layer (True).
25. In vitro there is less stomatal density and malfunction (True).
26. In vitro there is small leaf area and less development of palisade tissue (True).
27. Note the poor development of palisade tissue layer in vitro(True).
The third Part
a. Match description to term (s) on right.Some may be used more than once.
(9) Required in relatively large amounts. 1. Growth regulators
)4( Stimulates root development 2. Callus
)5( Stimulates shoot proliferation= shoot development 3. Root formation
)6( high auxin/low cytokinin 4. Auxin
)7( Use organic molecules as carbon sources. 5. low auxin/high cytokinin
)8( Needed for synthesis of important molecules (e.g., amino 6. Root development
acids, nucleic acids)
 )1( In plants, both auxins & cytokinins. 7.Heterotrophs
)2( a mass of loosely arranged cells 8.Nitrogen
)3( The shoots are transferred to a growth medium with 9. Macronutrients
relatively higher auxin: cytokinin ratios.
)10( Required in trace amounts. 10. Micronutrients
)11( Use CO2 as their sole or principal carbon source. 11.Autotrophs

b. Complete the following sentences.

1. Sources of nitrogen are Inorganic N2,NO3,NH3 . and Organic amino acids,amide urea .
2. Phosphorous abundant in meristematic and fast-growing tissue, essential in photosynthesis, respiration.
3Nitrogen. Influences plant growth rate, essential in plant nucleic acids (DNA), proteins, chlorophyll,
amino acids, and hormones.
4.Calcium. Involved in formation of cell walls and root and leaf development. Participates in translocation
of sugars, amino acids, and ties up oxalic acid (toxin).
5. Iron. Involved in respiration, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. FeNaEDTA = sodium salt of
EDTA sequesters iron, making it available to plants.
6. Potassium. – Necessary for cell division, meristematic tissue, helps in the pathways for carbohydrate,
protein, and chlorophyll synthesis.
7. Zinc. - Involved in production of growth hormones and chlorophyll. Active in respiration and
carbohydrate synthesis.
8. .Boron - Involved in production of growth hormones and chlorophyll. Active in respiration and
carbohydrate synthesis and translocation.
9. Copper. Involved in photosynthetic and respiration systems. Assists chlorophyll synthesis and used
as reaction catalyst. Lignification process.

With my best wishes