Lab 5

Pressure Vessel and Strain Transformation

Melissa Hitt
Group 3
MAE 244 Chuanyu Feng
November 30, 2005
 Pressure
Gage
I. Simple Schematic
Strain
Pressure Vessel Schematic Gage
Pressure
Tube

Ruler
II. Analysis of Results

• Table for Strain Reading

Strain Gage: R = 120 +/- .3

Strain Gage: Sg = 2.110 +/- .5%
Internal Diameter of Vessel = 3.5 in
Thickness = .0675 in

Gage Gage Gage Gage Gage Gage Gage Gage

90 0 -45 -45 67.5 -22.5 45 90
Channel 4 5 6 7 8
No. 1 2 3
Pressure
(PSI) (με) (με) (με) (με) (με) (με) (με) (με)
0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0
20 38 8 21 20 30 12 21 35
40 77 18 46 43 66 25 43 72
60 110 27 68 65 96 37 64 105
80 148 35 90 86 126 49 87 140

Linearity Between Strain and Pressure

160
140
120
100
Strain (με)

80
60
40
20
0
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Pressure (PSI)

Gage 90 Gage 0 Gage -45 Gage -45

Gage 67.5 Gage -22.5 Gage 45 Gage 90
Stresses and Strains

• Theoretical Data

σz = PD , σH = PD , εz = 1 (σz - υσH) , εH = 1 (σH - υσz)

4t 2t E E

υ 0.33
E 10*106 psi
Diameter 3.5 in
Thickness 0.0675in

Longitudinal Hoop
Pressure Stress Strain Pressure Stress Strain
(PSI) (PSI) (in/in) (PSI) (PSI) (in/in)
0 0 0 0
20 259.2593 20 518.5185
40 518.5185 40 1037.037
60 777.7778 60 1555.556
80 1037.037 35.2593*10-6 80 2074.074 0.0001732

• Experimental Data with Comparison

Percent
Experimental* Analytical Difference
Longitudinal 35*10-6 35*10-6 0

Hoop 148*10-6 173*10-6 14.45086705

*The experimental data is taken directly from the chart in the above section. The
0 degree and 90 degree gages were used for the experimental data. This is because the
longitudinal strain is the strain running in the horizontal or zero degree path on the vessel,
and the hoop strain is the strain running in the vertical or 90 degree path on the vessel.
III. Discussion

• Is linearity expected between the strain and the pressure?

Yes. It is logical to think that if the pressure is going to go up in say for example
a closed pop container then the strain on the surface of the container is going to go
up. Considering the equations:
σz = PD , σH = PD
4t 2t it can be see that the pressure is directly related to stress.
Stress and strain are also directly proportional therefore the pressure and the strain
are directly proportional. When the pressure rises the strain rises and when the
pressure decreases the strain will decrease also.

• Are the data linear?

Yes.

• Discuss the accuracy of the theory.

The theory is very accurate for thin walled pressure vessels. In predicting the
longitudinal stress in this experiment there was a zero percent difference. In
predicting the hoop stress there was a 14 percent difference which is not quite so good
but there could have been a number of factors off. The experimenters could have
read the wrong data or not waited until the readings had stabilized. There were two
90 degree gages used. They did not result in the same strain at the same pressure.
For example at the 80 psi reading the first 90 degree gage read 148 με and the second
90 degree gage read 140 με. This is a 5% difference, and could seriously mess up the
results when comparing to the theoretical results. Therefore, the conclusion is that the
accuracy of the Thin Walled Pressure Vessel Theory is excellent.