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Oct2023 Topic 2 Mfrs 141 Agriculture Notes by Yusnaliza Hamid &
Oct2023 Topic 2 Mfrs 141 Agriculture Notes by Yusnaliza Hamid &
Topic 2
Agriculture-Biological Assets
(MFRS 141: AGRICULTURE)
PREPARED BY:
YUSNALIZA HAMID
NOOR SAATILA MOHD ISA
UiTM PERAK
By the end of this topic, students
should have the ability to:
• Define Agriculture-biological assets.
• Discuss the initial measurement of agriculture-
biological assets.
2 TOPIC • Discuss the subsequent measurement of
OUTCOME agriculture-biological assets.
(TO) • Prepare the relevant accounting entries and
disclosure in the statement of profit or loss and
other comprehensive income and statement of
financial position
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OVERVIEW
3
✓ MFRS 141 Agriculture sets out the accounting for
agricultural activity –
“the transformation of biological assets (living plants
and animals) into agricultural produce (harvested
product of the entity's biological assets)”
✓ The standard generally requires biological assets to be
measured at fair value less costs to sell
SALE
BIOLOGICAL
TRANSFORMATION
What is AGRICULTURAL and
ACTIVITY? conversion into
AGRICULTURAL
The management by an HARVEST of PRODUCE
entity (managed BIOLOGICAL ASSET
activity)of for
conversion
into
ADDITIONAL
BIOLOGICAL
ASSETS
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5 AGRICULTURE-RELATED DEFINITIONS
It is the management by an entity of the
biological transformation and harvest of
Agricultural activity biological assets for SALE, into
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE, or into
ADDITIONAL BIOLOGICAL ASSETS.
9
Stud farms (e.g: horse or cattle breeding)
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14 APPLICABLE • Biological assets, except for bearer plants;
to • Agricultural produce at the point of harvest; and
agricultural • Government grants
activities • It does apply to produce growing on bearer plants
related to
The growing tea leaves on the tea On plucking (harvesting), the green
bush, yet to be plucked as of a leaves plucked would be the
reporting date are biological assets as agricultural produce
it is still attached to the tea bush.
NB: Also, produce growing on a bearer plant is a biological asset, such as tea leaves, and
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coffee seeds.
HARVEST
It is the detachment of produce from a biological asset (e.g., when
dairy cattle is milked and mangos are plucked) or cessation of a
biological asset’s life process (e.g., when cow is slaughtered) .
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Biological assets Agricultural Produce Products that are
(a living animal or plant) (the harvested product of the the result of
21 entity’s biological assets)
processing after
harvest
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Distinction between
Biological assets,
Agricultural Produce and
Products that are the
result of processing after
harvest (as per MFRS
141)
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Yusnaliza & Noor Saatila - UiTM Perak
the entity CONTROLS the
asset as a result of past
events;
An entity shall
recognise a
RECOGNITION biological it is PROBABLE that FUTURE
asset or ECONOMIC BENEFITS
23 agricultural associated with the asset
produce will flow to the entity; and
when, and
only when: the FAIR VALUE OR COST of
the asset CAN BE
MEASURED RELIABLY.
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24 RECOGNITION
Initial Recognition
Biological Assets and Agricultural Produce are only recognised when:
iii Tractor Tractor can be recognized as an item of PPE according to MFRS116 because
it used in production of goods and services (involves in pond management)
iv Acquired patent Acquired patent can be recognized as Intangible Asset according to MFRS138
because it is an identifiable non monetary long term asset without physical
substance and it is involves in pond management.
v Durian trees Durian trees are living plants, can be recognized as PPE according to MFRS116
as it is bearer plant used in the production or supply of agricultural produce.
Durian trees are expected to bear durian fruits (agricultural produce) for more
than one year
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MEASUREMENT
FAIR VALUE of
a biological
asset and BIOLOGICAL ASSET
agricultural
produce is
It shall be measured on initial recognition (ON
based on its
INITIAL MEASUREMENT) and at the end of each
present reporting period (ON SUBSEQUENT
location and MEASUREMENT) at its fair value less costs to sell
27 condition (FVLCTS)
In general MFRS
141 assumes Where the fair value cannot be measured
reliably initially, as there is no ACTIVE MARKET,
that FAIR VALUE
the asset is measured at COST less any
in an active
accumulated depreciation less any impairment
market can be losses
measured
reliably
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MEASUREMENT
IMPORTANT Point to Note:
Produce growing on a plant
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
that is yet to be harvested is
known as a biological asset. INITIALLY MEASURED at its fair value less
For example, mature two leaves estimated costs to sell (point-of-sale-cost).
and a bud on a tea bush that
Agricultural produce harvested from an
are yet to be plucked entity’s biological assets (e.g fruits
(harvested) are identified as plucked or milk harvested from dairy
biological asset. cow) shall be measured at its fair value
Once they are harvested, such less costs to sell at the point of harvest.
leaves are identified as
agricultural produce Such measurement is the cost at that date
when applying MFRS 102 Inventories or
applying MFRS 141 Agriculture another applicable Standard.
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MEASUREMENT
COSTS TO SELL : POINT-OF–SALE-COST
❑Costs that are necessary for a sale to occur but that otherwise
would not arise, including costs such as:
✓ commissions to brokers and dealers ( e.g. auctioneer fees),
✓ levies by regulatory agencies and commodity exchanges, and
✓ transfer taxes and duties.
❑ Costs that are incurred to get the assets to the market, such as
transport and other costs are excluded from ‘costs to sell’ since
they are deducted in determining the fair values .
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30 MEASUREMENT
SUBSEQUENT EXPENDITURE
❑ The standard does not prescribe the accounting treatment for subsequent
expenditure for agricultural activity, either to capitalize them or to
expense off. Thus, MFRS 41 Agriculture is silent on this ISSUE.
❑ The entities need to apply their professional JUDGEMENTS to decide an
accounting policy CHOICE that best suits their entities
❑ The Basis for Conclusion related to MFRS 141 highlighted that it is not
necessary to make the rules about the subsequent expenditures in
agricultural activities, because biological assets need to be re-measured to
their fair value less cost to sell with all fair value changes in profit or loss.
Hence, the net effect in profit or loss is still the same but the presentation is
different .
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31 MEASUREMENT
SUBSEQUENT EXPENDITURE
❑ Basically, there are 2 options : Option 1 : is very
1 Expensed off all For example: simple and very easy
way of doing the
subsequent expenditure If it just helps maintaining
things. However it is
in profit or loss directly; the biological assets not ideal, because in
OR this case, entities
https://www.ifrsbox.com would show big
/MFRS-41-subsequent- expenses in their
expenditures- 2 Capitalize the For example: profit or loss
agriculture/ statement
subsequent expenditure If it helps to increase or
and includes in the enhance the yield or Option 2 :
carrying value of the future outcome of the Difficulties might be
biological assets biological assets. encountered in
defining what
should be
capitalised.
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MEASUREMENT
SUBSEQUENT EXPENDITURE
Subsequent costs incurred for agricultural activity may
Note:
generally includes:
In practical
▪ Feeding ▪ Slaughtering Costs
scenarios, it is
common to see that ▪ Veterinary Services ▪ Nurturing
entities generally ▪ Routine vaccinations ▪ Harvesting
32 recognise these
▪ Planting ▪ Farm labour and supervision
costs as an EXPENSE
IN THE PERIOD ▪ Weeding ▪ Chemicals and other supplies
INCURRED (eg, as ▪ Irrigation, ▪ Depreciation of PPE engaged
‘costs of production’) ▪ Fertilisation
in agricultural activity
▪ Pesticides
▪ Other operating expenses
▪ Food supplements
IN FAIR Recognition
Journal Entries : Gain on initial recognition
VALUES Dr Biological assets/Agricultural produce
due to Cr Gain on FV Change- SOPL
1) Physical
Changes in size, age, quality etc
Changes
Between
2) Price reporting dates
Recognised as Gain or Loss in the SOPL
Changes (on Subsequent
Journal Entries : Loss on Fair Value Change
Measurement
Dr Loss on FV Change- SOPL
Yusnaliza & Noor Saatila - UiTM Perak
Cr Biological assets/Agricultural produce
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MEASUREMENT OF BEARER PLANT
BEFORE MATURITY, bearer plants must be
The measured at COST, similar to the accounting
measurement treatment for a self-constructed property, plant
requirements and equipment before it is available for use; and
for bearer
plants should
be in
accordance AFTER THE BEARER PLANT IS MATURE, entities have a
with MFRS 116 policy choice to measure the bearer plants using
PPE as follows : either the cost model or the revaluation model
In 20X1 eight calves were born and the entity sold 10 heifers for RM200
each, incurring selling costs of RM10 per heifer. The fair value less costs to
sell of the herd as at 31 December 20X1 is RM14,000 ( including the gain on
initial recognition of RM1,200 re-measured on 31.12.20x1 for similar eight
new-born calves)
Required:
i. Explain the appropriate accounting treatment of the
sheep for the year ended 31 December 20x8.
ii. Prepare the journal entries to record the above
transactions
Yusnaliza & Noor Saatila - UiTM Perak Source: UiTM/FAR320: Group Assignment (amended) 45
46 Answer 3: Recognition and Measurement
i) On 1 January 20x8, the sheep is recognised a biological asset according to MFRS
141 Agriculture as it is a living animal reared for wool in engaged in a sheep farming
(agricultural activity). It is initially measured at a cost of RM120,000.
At the end of reporting period of 31 December 20x8, there was a gain in changes of
fair value of biological asset amounted to RM4,100 [(67,500-3,400)- 60,000],
recognised as an income in SOPL. On 31 December 2018 the carrying amount of
the biological asset shown in the SOFP is RM64,100.
Required:
a. Explain the classification of coconut tree.
b. Show relevant journal entries and extract of Statement of Financial Position to account or both the land
coconut trees during 20x6?
Source: http://theaudituniverse.blogspot.com/2016/04/accounting-for-bearer-plants.html
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52 Answer 4 (a)
Coconut Trees
The coconut tree is a living plant that meets the definition of bearer
plants as per MFRS 116. This is because the coconut tree:
a) is used in the production or supply of agricultural produce ;
production of coconut water concentrate, virgin coconut oil, and
coconut milk ;
b) is expected to bear produce for more than one period: will
provide fruits for 12 years ; and
c) has a remote likelihood of being sold as agricultural
produce.
Therefore, on 2 January 20x6, coconut tree will be recognized as PPE
and is measured initially at COST at RM5,000,000 .
Source: http://theaudituniverse.blogspot.com/2016/04/accounting-for-bearer-plants.html
Non-Current Assets RM
Property, Plant and equipment 14,583,333
Workings
❑ Bearer assets are those which bear produce over their productive lives, which
exceeds one period. For example, grape vines, where the vine is the bearer asset
and the grapes are produce and dairy cows, where the cow is the bearer asset and
milk is the produce.
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