EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEWER

Lesson 1- What is Informa�on and Communica�on Technology?

Computer - Is an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions
given to it in a variable program.

Internet - It is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCIP/IP) to
link billions of devices worldwide. It includes several high bandwidth data lines that comprise the internet “backbone”.
These lines are connected to major internet hubs that distribute data to other locations such as web servers and ISPs.

World Wide Web (WWW)

● commonly known as the Web, WWW, or the W3.
● Invented by Sir Tim Berners in 1989 a British computer scientist. ● An information system on the internet that allows
documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by
moving from one document to another.
● It is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext
links, and can be accessed via the internet.
Web Pages
● It is a simple document displayable by a browser that connected to the world wide web
● It represents various types of information presented to the visitor of the browser in an aesthetic and readable
manner.
● Is a hypertext documents for the World Wide Web (WWW) that is identified by a unique resource locator (URL)

The different online platforms of World Wide Web

1. Web 1.0 - It refers to the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution and commonly called a read-only web which
only offers users one-way communication such as reading the contents because of its only consists of static pages
connected by hyperlinks and hosted on web servers.

2. Web 2.0 - It’s the second generation or stages of development and the evolution of web 1.0 over the World Wide
Web, characterized especially by the changes and transition from static web pages to dynamic web pages or user-
generated content and the growth of social media. In this platform the internet technology became more and more
interactive. The internet became more available for everyone and the users can now interact, contribute, and create
their own internet space and content (like the explosion of information and social media).

3. Web 3.0 - It is described by Time Berners Lee (Father of the WWW) as the read write-execute web. It’s the third
generation or stage of internet services for websites and applications that will focus on using a machine-based
understanding of data to provide a data-driven and semantic web technologies, distributed databases, natural
language processing, and machine learning. The ultimate goal of Web 3.0 is to create more intelligent, connected
and open websites.

Static Web Page - This is known as a flat page or stationary page in the sense that the page is “as is” and cannot be
manipulated by the user. The content is also the same for all the user navigating to this page that is referred to as Web
1.0

Dynamic Web Pages - It is the evolution of web 1.0 to web 2.0 in which from a static web page, it has evolved by to
dynamic web pages that display different content each time its viewed. The user can see websites differently than the
other e.g. social networking sites, wikis, video sharing sites, hosted services, and web applications.
Semantic Web Pages - Is a movement by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that encourages web developers to
include semantic content in their web pages as standard. It provides a common framework that allows data to be
shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries. Its aim is to have a machine or servers
that understand the user’s preferences to be able to deliver web content specifically targeting the user.

Features of WEB 2.0

1. Folksonomy – a user-generated system of classifying and organizing online content into different categories by the
use of metadata such as electronic tags. allowing users to categorize and classify/arrange information using
freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging). Popular social networking sites such as Twitter,

2. Rich User Experience – it means that the applications are more pervasive, dynamic, and interactive. Content is
dynamic and is responsive to the user’s input. An example would be a website that shows local content and in case
of social networking sites, when you logged in, your account is used to modify what you see on their website.

3. User Participation – means that the web user is participating in web content creation, tagging, and sharing. Social
networking includes creating user profiles to social networking applications and communicating with other web
users through those applications. The owner of the website is not the only one who can put content. Others can place
the content of their own utilizing comment, reviews, and evaluations. Some websites allow readers to comment on
an article, participate in a poll, or review a specific product (e.g. Amazon.com, online stores).

4. Long tail – Services are offered on-demand rather than on a one-time purchase. In certain cases, time-based
pricing is better than file size-based pricing or vice versa. This is synonymous with subscribing to a data plan that
charges you for the amount of time you spent on the internet, or a data plan that charges you for the amount of
bandwidth you used.

5. Software as a service – users will be subscribed to software only when needed rather than purchasing them. E.g.
Google docs used to create and edit word processing and spreadsheet documents online. Software as service allows
you to “rent” software for a minimal fee or subscriptions.

6. Mass Participation – universal web access diverse information through web sharing. Since most users can use the
internet, Web 2.0 content are based on people from various cultures.

Trends in ICT

1. Convergence – it is an evolution of technological developments and advancements that merge into a new system
bringing together different types of applications and media to work on a similar goal or task. For example,
besides using your personal computer and laptop to create word documents now you can use also your smartphone
to attain the same goal and task.

2. Social Media – are interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation or sharing of information,
ideas, career interest and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. It is a website, application,
or online channel that enables web users to create, co-create, discuss, modify, and exchange user-generated content.

Six types of Social Media

a. Social Networks – a dedicated website or other application that allows users to connect with other people with
the same interest or background by
 b. Bookmarking Sites – Sites that allows you to store and manage links to various website and resources. Most of this
site allows you to store, organize, search and manage bookmarks of web pages and create a tag to others. Example is
Pinterest

c. Social News – Sites that allow users to post their own news items and stories or links to other news sources. The
users can also comment on the post and stories are ranked based on popularity, as voted on by other users of the site
or by the website administrators. Example is Reddit and Digg.

d. Media Sharing – Sites that allow you to upload and share media content like images, music and video to a website
that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. You can share that media with the world or in a selected group of
friends. Many media sharing sites allow you to place media on other sites using “embedding”. Example is YouTube,
Instagram, and Flickr.

e. Microblogging – Sites that focus on short updates from the user. It is a combination of instant messaging and
content production. With microblog you share short messages with an online audience to improve
engagement. Those that subscribed to the user will be able to receive these updates. Examples are Twitter and
Plurk.

f. Blogs and Forums – These websites allow users to post their content. Other users can comment on the said topic.

3. Mobile Technologies – is a technology that goes where the user goes. It consists of portable two-way
communications devices, computing devices like computer capabilities and the network technology that connects
them with the use of mobile phones. The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the years.
This is large because of the devices’ capability to do the task that was originally found in PCs. Several of these devices
are capable of using a high-speed internet. Today the latest model devices use 5G networking (LTE), which is currently
the fastest.

Different Mobile Operating System (OS)

● iOS – use in apple devices such as iPhone and iPad
● Android OS – is an open-source OS developed by Google. Being open source means mobile phone companies use
this OS for free.
● Blackberry OS – use in blackberry devices
● Windows Phone OS – A close source and proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft.
● Symbian – the original smartphone and now in smart TVs
● Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs.

4. Assistive Media – Is a nonprofit service designed to help people who have visual and reading impairments. A
database of audio recordings and audiobooks is used to read to the user.
5. Cloud Computing – it is the on-demand availability of computer systems resources services especially data storage
(cloud storage) and computing power without direct active management by the user. This includes servers,
storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the internet to offer faster innovation,
flexible resources, and economies of scale.
Examples: Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Gmail.

Three Components of Cloud Computing

1. Client Computers – is the device that end-users interact with the cloud.
2. Distributed Servers – these servers are in geographically different places, but the server acts as if they are
working next to each other.
3. Datacenters – it is collection of servers where the application is placed and is accessed via internet.
 Lesson 2- Online Safety, Security and Ne�quete

Internet Safety – refers to the online safety of the people and their information when using the internet. It is an act of
maximizing the user’s awareness of personal safety and security risk to private information and property associated with
using the internet and self-protection from computer crime.

Netiquette – is short for “Internet Etiquette”. It refers to the rules of online courtesy, proper manners, and behavior
online. It caters to the do’s and don’ts of online communication.

Threat – refers to anything that has the potential to cause serious harm and might exploit a vulnerability to breach
security to a computer system and devices.

Cybercrime – a crime committed or assisted through the use of the internet.

Privacy Policy / Terms of Services (ToS) – tells the user how the website handles and caters privacy and safety
regarding its data.

INTERNET THREATS

1. Malware – stands for malicious software. It is a computer program designed to infiltrate and damage computers
without user consent.

5 Type of Malware

● Virus – a malicious program designed to replicate itself and transfer from computer to another destroying data or
crashing network services, do nothing, or just annoying.

● Worm – a malicious program that replicates itself, transfer from one computer to another by any type or means but
not alter any files on your machine.

● Trojan – a malicious program that disguises as a useful program but once downloaded or installed, leaves your PC
unprotected, and allows hackers to get your information. It is designed to appear harmless on the victim’s computer,
but in fact, it accesses files or extracts sensitive data.

● Spyware – a program that runs in the background without you knowing it (thus called “spy”). It can monitor what you
are currently doing and typing through keylogging.

● Adware – stands for advertising malware. A program designed to send you advertisements, mostly as pop-ups.

2. Spam – an unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers. It can be used to send malware and unsolicited message
to large numbers of recipients for the purpose of commercial advertising.

3. Phishing – an unwanted acquisition of sensitive personal information like passwords and credit card details. Its method
is to gather personal information using deceptive emails and websites.

4. Identity Theft – is a crime whereby criminals impersonate individuals, usually for financial gain. Posers acting like the
real owner of the account that they are using.

5. Hacking – is where an authorized person uses a network, internet or modem connection to gain access to security
password to see data stored and stealing
 SHS EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY Page 9 WEEK 1 AND 2
important information such as files, personal details, and images on another computer.

6. Cyberbullying – is a form of bullying that involves behavior or acts intended to inflict harm, threats, embarrassment
using technology.
Lesson 3- Produc�vity tools
Produc�vity Tools, also known as produc�vity so�ware, are so�ware that people use to create and produce professional
quality documents, presenta�ons, databases, charts, graphs and more.

The three basic func�ons of these three produc�vity tools are:

1. Microso� Word – wri�ng skills

2. Microso� Excel – numeracy skills
3. Microso� Word – presenta�on skills

Key Terms in Microso� Excel

Row – it’s a horizontal line of entries in a table.
Column – it’s a ver�cal line of entries in a table.
Cell – the place where informa�on is held in a spreadsheet.
Ac�ve Cell – refers to the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet. It can be iden�fied by a bold (typically blue)
outline that surrounds the cell.
Column Heading – it is the colored row of leters used to iden�fy each column within the sheet. It is the box at
the top of each column containing a leter.
Row Heading – is the gray-colored column located on the le� side of column 1 in the worksheet which contains
the number (1,2,3, etc.) where it helps out to iden�fy each row in the worksheet.
Cell Reference – refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used in a formula so that the
Microso� Office Excel can find the values or data that you want that formula to calculate.
Merge – combining or joining two or more cells to create a new larger cell.
Formula – is an expression that calculates and operates on the values in a range of cells or cells.
Func�ons – are predefined formulas that perform calcula�ons using specific values in a par�cular order. It
includes many common func�ons that can be used to quickly find the sum, average, count, maximum value,
and minimum value for a range of cells.
Formula Bar – is where data or formulas are entered into a worksheet so that it may appear in the ac�ve cell. It
can also be used to edit data or formula in the ac�ve cell.
Key Menu and features of PowerPoint
File – Save, share and export your presenta�on
Home – A general-purpose collec�on of the most common tools that you’ll use in PowerPoint.
Insert - An all-in-one tool to add every imagine-able type of content, such as tables, pictures, charts, video, and
more.
Design - Controls the overall look and feel of your presenta�on with theme and style se�ngs.
Transi�ons - Add anima�ons when you switch slides.
Anima�ons - Controls the order and style that objects will enter or exit your slide with.
Slide Show - Control se�ngs related to the way your presenta�on appears when sharing it with an audience.
Key Menu and features of Microso� Word
Mail Merge – is a Microso� Word features which allow the user to create documents and combine or merge it
with other document or data file. It is o�en used to print, customize or email form leters for the individual
recipient to generate a set of output documents.