Type 214 submarine

The Type 214 is a class of diesel-electric submarines

developed exclusively for export by Howaldtswerke-
Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW).[2] It features diesel
propulsion with an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system
using Siemens polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM)
hydrogen fuel cells. The class combines the design Type 214 profile
principles of the Type 209 submarine family and the
features of the Type 212A submarine.[2] However, as an
export design, it lacks some of the classified technologies of
the Type 212 such as the non-magnetic steel hull that makes
it difficult to detect using a magnetic anomaly detector.[3]

Due to improvements in the pressure hull materials, the

Type 214 can dive nearly 400 metres (1,300 ft).[4] It can
also carry food, fresh water and fuel for 84 days of
operation.

A contract to build four submarines for the Hellenic Navy

was signed 15 February 2000 and a fourth unit was ordered ROKS Yun Bonggil arrives at Naval Base
in June 2002. The first submarine was built at HDW in Guam, 2019.
Kiel, Germany and the rest at the Hellenic Shipyards Co. in
Class overview
Skaramangas, Greece. The Hellenic Navy named them the
Papanikolis class. Builders Howaldtswerke-Deutsche
Werft
The Republic of Korea Navy has ordered nine Type 214 Hellenic Shipyards Co.
submarines, designated as Son Won-Il class, to be built in
Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries and Daewoo Hyundai Heavy Industries
Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering; three first batch Daewoo Shipbuilding &
models entered service since 2007, and six second batch Marine Engineering
models entered service from 2012. Gölcük Naval Shipyard

Operators Hellenic Navy

General characteristics
Republic of Korea Navy
Displacement: 1,690 t surfaced / 1,860 t Portuguese Navy
submerged
Turkish Navy
Dimensions: length 65 m (213 feet 3 inches ) /
beam 6,3 m (20 feet 8 inches) / draught 6 m (19 Preceded by Type 209 submarine[2]
feet 8 inches)
Succeeded by Type 216 submarine
Pressure hull: HY-100[5]
Subclasses Papanikolis class(Greece)
Armament: 8 x 533 mm torpedo tubes, 4
subharpoon-capable Tridente class (Portugal)
Propulsion: low noise skew back propeller Reis class (Turkey)
Diesel engines: 2 x MTU 16V-396 (3.96 MW) Cost $330 million (2008)[1]
Charging generators: 2 x Piller Ntb56.40-10 0.97
MW Built 2001–present

AIP system: 2 x HDW PEM fuel cell module In 2007–present

 BZM120 (120 kW x 2)[6] commission
Electric motor: 1 x Siemens Permasyn (2.85 MW) Planned 21
Speed: 10 kn surfaced / 20 kn submerged Building 5
Speed on fuel cells: 2-6 kn estimated
Completed 16
Range surfaced: 19,300 km (12,000 miles)
Range submerged: 780 km @ 15 km/h (420 nmi Active 15
@ 8 kn) General characteristics
Range on fuel cells: 2,310 km @ 7 km/h (1,248 Type Submarine
nmi @ 4 kn)
Displacement 1,690 t (1,660 long tons)
Mission endurance: 12 weeks
Submerged without snorkelling: 3 weeks (surfaced)

Operating depth: more than 250 m (820 feet) 1,860 t (1,830 long tons)
officially, 400 m estimated (1312 feet) (submerged)
Complement: 5 officers + 22 crew Length 65 m (213 ft 3 in)
Navigation radar: SPHINX-D with 4 kW pulse and
Beam 6.3 m (20 ft 8 in)
tactical LPI radar sensor [Thales Deutschland
Kiel] Draught 6 m (19 ft 8 in)
Propulsion Diesel-electric, fuel cell AIP,
Operators low noise skew back propeller
Speed 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
surfaced
Greece
20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
The Hellenic Navy ordered four Type 214 submarines to be submerged
known as the Papanikolis class. The first, Papanikolis, was Range 12,000 nmi (22,000 km;
built in Germany; the following three were scheduled for 14,000 mi) (surfaced)
construction at HDW's Hellenic Shipyards in Greece. In
December 2006, StrategyPage reported that Papanikolis 420 nmi (780 km; 480 mi) at 8
was found to have numerous technical problems.[7] Among knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph)
the reported problems with the submarine were excessive (submerged)
propeller cavitation, overheating of the air-independent 1,248 nmi (2,311 km;
propulsion system's fuel cells, and excessive rolling in bad 1,436 mi) at 4 knots
weather when surfaced. Seapower magazine reported the (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph)
Hellenic Navy refused to accept Papanikolis; additional
(submerged)
problems noted were inadequate air-independent propulsion
system output power, inappropriate periscope vibration, Endurance 84 days
sonar flank array problems and seawater leakage into the Test depth nearly 400 m (1,300 ft)
ship's hydraulics.[8]
Complement 5 officers + 22 crew
The Hellenic Navy officers in charge of the testing program Armament 8 × 533 mm (21.0 in) torpedo
at the Kiel shipyards in Germany made their case clear in a tubes
2007 investigative journalism program called "Neoi
4 Sub-Harpoon missile-
Fakeloi" on Skai TV (Greece). Retired Rear Admiral M.
Simionakis, who had been in charge of the Papanikolis capable
program for the navy, told the interviewer that the
manufacturer had made two attempts to fix a severe balance problem in the submarine, including shifting 21
tons of material from the top to the bottom, yet the vessel continued to heel as much as 46 degrees in sea trials.
Photographic evidence of the severe heeling was presented. In the same TV program, the officer replacing
Simionakis in Kiel, Capt. K. Tziotis, listed seven ongoing, serious problems with the vessel, including balance
problems when traveling on the surface, problems with the AIP system, problems with the weapon system,
problems with the periscope, and problems with flooding.
 TKMS, the German shipbuilder of Type 214, had previously asserted
that it solved all the boat's technical problems in 2006 and stated that the
Greek Navy's continuing complaints about Papanikolis' technical
condition are a ploy to justify a price reduction. Therefore, TKMS
refused to deliver the boat to the Greek Navy until all debts were paid
and Papanikolis remained in Kiel harbor.[9] Despite this position by
Greek submarine Papanikolis at the TKMS, the Hellenic Navy officers in charge of the submarine delivery
HDW's yard in Kiel, 2008 have repeatedly stated there are problems with Papanikolis. In October
2008, Papanikolis conducted a new round of trials, which showed that
the excessive rolling problem had finally been fixed. The rest of the
problems are considered solved. According to the Greek defence press, acceptance of the vessel was imminent.
The second boat, Pipinos, was officially launched on 6 October 2014 and passed through Greek harbour
acceptance trials in Elefsina.

On 21 September 2009, TKMS announced that the contract with the Greek Navy for all four submarines had
been cancelled due to country's arrears of more than 520 million Euros. TKMS began seeking arbitration to
resolve the matter.[10][11]

On 27 October 2009, the Greek Ministry of Defence confirmed that they intended to accept the three boats built
in Greece.[12] The Greek Papanikolis U214 class is equipped with a hoistable radar mast which does not
penetrate the pressure hull of the submarine. In the top of the radar mast the radar transmitter is installed. This
transmitter is part of the SPHINX Radar System supplied by Thales Defence Deutschland GmbH in Kiel. The
radar sensor is a FMCW transceiver which can't be detected by ESM systems in medium terms. This technology
is so called LPI radar, which means "Low probability of intercept". The transmitting power is lower than the
power of a mobile phone but the resolution more precise compared to high power Pulse radar. Thales SPHINX
radar is a tactical radar, designed for submarines. Greece ordered four submarines and paid the list price of six.
(2 bn euros)[13]

Portugal

In 2005 Portugal awarded a contract to Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft

for two Type 214 submarines, which were delivered in 2010. These two
submarines, the NRP Tridente and the NRP Arpão, are the only
submarines currently in active service with the Portuguese Navy
replacing the Albacora-class submarines in 2010.[14][15] In 2014, the
two submarines received new UGM-84G Sub-Harpoon Block II
missiles.[16] From 2016 to 2018 the Tridente submarine carried out a
major mid-term overhaul at Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems NRP Tridente at Lisbon Naval Base,
shipyards,[17] and the Arpão submarine, from 2018 to 2021 carried out a 2010
major mid-term overhaul at the Portuguese Arsenal do Alfeite
shipyards[18][19] The Portuguese Military Programming Law signed in
May 2019 aims for the modernization of the two submarines by 2030.[20][21]

South Korea

In 1995, the South Korean Navy announced plans to introduce submarines larger than type 209. Later in
October 2000, the ministry of defence signed an agreement with Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft to introduce
type 214 submarines, which also included the transfer of submarine building technology.[22] The South Korean
Son Won-Il U214-class submarine (Hangul: 손원일급 잠수함 , Hanja: 孫元一級潛水艦 ) is equipped with a
SPHINX-D Radar System supplied by Thales Defence Deutschland GmbH. It uses an additional pulse
transmitter in the top of the mast. The combination of high power pulse radar and a very low power LPI
transmitter is very effective for submarines. During surface operations, the boat sails with an open pulse
fingerprint for ESM systems, but within a secret mission the operator
switches to LPI mode. The boat remains invisible to others. Total of 9
are planned and 8 are in active duty. South Korea ordered its first three
KSS-II/ Type 214 boats in 2000, which were assembled by Hyundai
Heavy Industries. The Batch 2 order will add six more submarines to
the Navy, to be built by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering.

In March 2008, it was reported in the media that the first Type 214
submarine of the Republic of Korea Navy suffered from defects related
to excessive noise from the screw, according to anonymous sources.[23]
Later the ROKN denied the report.[24] There were no further reports of
such noise problems in succeeding South Korean Type 214 submarines.
The first three Type 214 submarines of South Korea were built by
Hyundai Heavy Industries. In August 2008, South Korea signed another
contract with HDW for six more Type 214 submarines. The Batch 2
order will add six more submarines to the Navy, to be built by Daewoo
Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering. Hong Beom-do, a specialized
guided missile submarine was launched on 5 April 2016.[25]
ROKS Son Won-il at Busan Naval
Base, 2008
Future operators

Turkey

The first request by the Turkish Naval Forces was made in 2009 and considered to be delivered in 2014.
However, due to delay, a new contract was signed in 2016 and first deliveries were planned 2020.[26] The
Turkish Navy had commenced negotiations with HDW for six licence-built Type 214 class air-independent
propulsion (AIP) submarines. According to the Undersecretary for Defence Industries of the Turkish
Government, these submarines will be produced with maximum local content at Gölcük Naval Shipyard in
Kocaeli, Turkey. The first submarine in the order initially put to sea in December 2022,[27] the program partially
delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the second following in May 2023.[28]

On 2 July 2009, HDW and the Turkish Ministry of Defence entered into an agreement for the licensed
production of six platforms. The agreement was the largest defence acquisition project in Turkey at the time after
the firm order for 116 F-35 fighters at a cost of in excess of $10 billion. Ankara hoped that its advanced, locally
produced and highly modified Type 214 submarines will enter into service by 2015.[29][30][31] Defence Minister
Vecdi Gonul stated that "Turkish industrial participation in the project would be worth around 80 percent of the
total value of the deal".[32]

As the Turkish Type 214 will have a significant amount of Turkish indigenous systems on board, this variant of
the Type 214 will be known as the Type 214TN (Turkish Navy). HDW will preassemble classified elements
such as the fuel cells and propulsion system and will then ship them to Turkey. All electronic and weapon
systems (including the C4I system) will be of Turkish production.

On 1 July 2011, the 2 billion euros order for six U 214 submarine material packages placed with ThyssenKrupp
Marine Systems by Turkey entered into force with receipt of the advance payment. This enabled ThyssenKrupp
to begin executing the order. The order was designated to contribute to securing employment at HDW in Kiel,
as well as at many subcontractors in Germany and Turkey, for the next ten years. Yet, recently Turkey has
received around 2 Million euros compensation from ThyssenKrupp due to delayed manufacturing of the
Type214TN.[33] A possible reason for this delay is Turkey's demand for in-house developed software within the
submarines. However, Germany refused Greek demands to block delivering six Type 214 submarines to
Turkey, as the manufacturer Thyssen was bound by contracts signed since 2002.[34]

Indonesia

In the MEF III (Minimum Essential Force) it mentioned the Type 214 submarine from Germany alongside the
Scorpène submarine from France. The Indonesian Navy is planning in procuring four to six superior Type
214[35] submarines and two Scorpene submarines.[36]

On 2 March 2021, representatives of the German shipbuilder TKMS began discussions with the Indonesian
Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of State Owned Enterprises regarding the procurement of up to four
submarines of the Type 214 submarine.[37]

Failed bids

Pakistan

In 2008, the Pakistan Navy entered in negotiation of possibly purchasing three Type 214 to be built in KSEW
through a technology transfer, and the HDW CEO Walter Freitag confirming and reportedly telling the news
media in Pakistan during the IDEAS 2008 convention that: "The commercial contract has been finalised up to
95 per cent."[38]
It was reported that the first Type 214 diesel-electric submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64
months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months.[38][39] After
wavering for over two years, Pakistan dropped out from this deal when successfully negotiating with China to
develop and design Eight Type 039A submarine that features the AIP technology with a complete transfer of
technology to be built in Pakistan.[40]

Vessels by nation
Laid Launch Commission
Country Pennant Name Builder
down Date Date

27
2 November Howaldtswerke-
Greece S-120 Papanikolis February April 2004
2010 Deutsche Werft
2001
2000 4
Boats February October Summer of Hellenic
S-121 Pipinos
2010 2 2003 2006 2015 Shipyards Co.
Boats
February November 23 June Hellenic
Contract S-122 Matrozos
2004 2007 2016 Shipyards Co.

23 June Hellenic
S-123 Katsonis 2005 2007
2016 Shipyards Co.
ROKS
October 9 June 27 December Hyundai Heavy
Republic SS 072 Sohn Won-
2002 2006 2007 Industries
of Korea yil

2000 3 ROKS 13 June 2 December Hyundai Heavy

SS 073 2004
Boats Jeong Ji 2007 2008 Industries
2008 6
ROKS An 4 June 1 December Hyundai Heavy
Boats SS 075
Jung-geun 2008 2009 Industries
Contract
Daewoo
ROKS Kim 13 August 30 December Shipbuilding &
SS 076 2008
Jwa-jin 2013[41][42] 2014 Marine
Engineering

ROKS Yun 3 July 21 June Hyundai Heavy

SS 077 2009
Bong-gil 2014[43] 2016 Industries

Daewoo
ROKS Yu 7 May 10 July Shipbuilding &
SS 078 2010
Gwan-sun 2015 2017[44] Marine
Engineering[45]

ROKS
5 April 23 January Hyundai Heavy
SS 079 Hong 2011
2016 2018 Industries
Beom-do
Daewoo
8
ROKS Lee Shipbuilding &
SS 081 2012 November 13 May 2019
Beom-seok Marine
2016
Engineering

7
ROKS Shin 31 January Hyundai Heavy
SS 082 2013 September
Dol-seok 2020 Industries
2017
 NRP Howaldtswerke-
S 160 2005 2010 May 2010
Portugal Tridente Deutsche Werft
2010 2
Boats preliminary
delivery in
December
Howaldtswerke-
S 161 NRP Arpão 2005 2010 2010, final
Deutsche Werft
delivery on
28 April
2011[46]

22
TCG Piri October Gölcük Naval
Turkey S-330 December
Reis 2015 Shipyard
2009 6 2019
Boats
TCG Hızır Gölcük Naval
S-331 2016
Reis Shipyard

25
TCG Murat Gölcük Naval
S-332 February
Reis Shipyard
2018
4
TCG Aydın Gölcük Naval
S-333 November
Reis Shipyard
2018
22
TCG Seydi Gölcük Naval
S-334 December
Ali Reis Shipyard
2019

TCG
Gölcük Naval
S-335 Selman 2022
Shipyard
Reis

See also
List of submarine classes in service

Submarines of similar comparison

Type 212 submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp

Marine Systems and exclusively built for the German Navy, the Italian Navy and the Royal
Norwegian Navy.
Type 218SG submarine - A class of extensively-customised diesel-electric attack-submarines
developed ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by the Republic of Singapore
Navy.
Dolphin-class submarine - A class of extensively-customised diesel-electric attack-submarines
developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by Israel.
Dakar-class submarine - A unique class of diesel-electric attack-submarines developed by
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently being built for Israel.
Scorpène-class submarine - A class of export-oriented diesel-electric attack-submarines, jointly
developed by Naval Group and Navantia and currently operated by the Chilean Navy, the Royal
Malaysian Navy, the Indian Navy and the Brazilian Navy.
S-80 Plus submarine - A class of conventionally-powered attack-submarines, currently being
built by Navantia for the Spanish Navy.
Blekinge-class submarine is a class of submarine developed by Kockums for the Swedish Navy
 KSS-III submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack submarines, built by Hanwha Ocean and HD
Hyundai Heavy Industries and operated by the Republic of Korea Navy.
Sōryū-class submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines, built by Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.
Taigei-class submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack submarines currently being built by
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense
Force
Type 039A submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines operated by the People's
Liberation Army Navy (China) and being built for the navies of the Royal Thai Navy and the
Pakistan Navy.
Lada-class submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines being built for Russia.

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External links
 Naval Technology (http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/type_212/)
D.I. Manakanatas (February 2011). "Type 214 - Γνωριμία σε βάθος". Military Balance and
Geopolitics (Στρατιωτική & Γεωπολιτική Ισορροπία) (in Greek) (12): 34–49. ISSN 1792-2682 (http
s://www.worldcat.org/issn/1792-2682). : Extensive and detailed photographic coverage of Greek
submarines Matrozos (S-122) and Pipinos (S-121)
(in Greek) Specification of "Papanikolis" class" (http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/index.php?option=co
m_content&view=article&id=459&Itemid=270&lang=el) (Hellenic Navy website)
Submarine Papanikolis (S-120) (http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/index.php?option=com_content&vie
w=article&id=435&Itemid=278&lang=el) From the Hellenic Navy website (in Greek)
[1] (https://web.archive.org/web/20110221053633/http://www.aegispublishing.gr/images/magazi
ne/pdf/isorropia_11_02.pdf).
Global Security (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/type-214.htm)
Hellenic-shipyards (https://web.archive.org/web/20061101100318/http://www.hellenic-shipyards.
gr/pg/submarines3.htm)
Yeni Tip Denizaltı Projesi (https://stratejikajanda.com/yeni-tip-denizalti-projesi/) Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20210619123901/https://stratejikajanda.com/yeni-tip-denizalti-projesi/) 19
June 2021 at the Wayback Machine

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