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Chapter5celldivision 170616144458
Chapter5celldivision 170616144458
A female genome visualized with fluorescent in situ Karyotype variability in different cultivars of maize demonstrated
hybridization (FISH). using FISH.
The cell cycle 细胞周期
• The cell cycle is a cyclic 循环
sequences of events that a cell
undergoes, from the time it is
formed until it divides
completely into two.
• Two main phrases in the cell
cycle is:
• Interphase 间期 – cell grows and
prepares for cell division
• Cell division (M phase) – cell
divides its nucleus and
cytoplasm
Interphase 间期
姐妹染色单体
• The two sister chromatids of each
chromosome separate at the centrode.
• The sister chromatids are pulled apart to
the opposite poles by the shortening of the
spindle fibres.
• Once separated, the chromatids are
referred as daughter chromosomes.
• By the end of anaphase, two poles of the
cell have complete and equivalent set of
chromosomes.
Telophase 末期
• The chromosomes uncoil and revert back
to extended chromatin.
• The chromosomes become less visible
under the microscope.
• The spindle fibres disappear.
• New nuclear membrane forms.
• Nucleolus re-forms in each nucleus.
胞质分裂
Cytokinesis in animal
• In animal cell, actin filaments in the
cytoplasm contracts to pull a ring of the
plasma membrane inwards, forming a
槽 groove called a cleavage furrow.卵裂沟
Cytokinesis in plant
• In the plant cells, vesicles gather at a
细胞板
plant cells equator to form a cell plate.
• The cell plate grow until it fuses to
from new cell walls and plasma
membrane.
Mitosis Summary
Comparison of mitosis in plant and animal
• Similarities
• Involves interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
• Nucleus divides once and cytoplasm divide once
• Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells.
• Differences
Animal cell Plant cell
Spindle threads emerge from Spindle threads do not emerge from
centrioles. centrioles.
Cytokinesis occurs by constriction of Cytokinesis occurs by the formation of
the cytoplasm – cleavage furrow is cell plate.
formed.
Importance of controlled mitosis
• Correct number of chromosomes is
obtained by the daughter cell
• Correct growth, development and
maintenance of tissues
• To avoid presence of cancerous cells that
divide uncontrollably and form tumour