k|Too M Oof, cfn', tf
-v_tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 tLg ;d:t zAb / tLg låTj zAb vf]hL ;d:t zAbnfO{ lju|x
sIff M !@ -Joj:yfkg, dfgljsL, sfg'g_ k|yd q}dfl;s k/LIff– @)*) k"0ff{ª\s M &%
ljifo M clgjfo{ g]kfnL ;doM #M)) 306f pQL0ff{ª\s M@&
k/LIffyL{x¿n] df}lns z}nLdf ;[hgfTds pQ/ lbg' kg]{5 . ;]6 v
;a} k|Zg clgjfo{ 5g\ .
!= tnsf cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] cIf/;+/rgf / cIf/;ª\Vof b]vfpg'xf];\ M-#_
cfTd1fgLsf ljrf/df hxf“ ;+;f/ 5 Toxf“ dg cjZo g} 5 clg hxf“ 5}g Toxf“
;+;f/;d]t 5}g .
@= z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M -#_
kl/jt{g ;f:jt k|lqmof xf] . lxpbdf hf8f] x'g' / jvf{df udL{ x'g' kl/jt{gsf] gLod g} xf] .
#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -@_
-s_lbOPsf] p4/0faf6 Pp6f kfl/eflifs zAb / Pp6f cg's/0ffTds zAb klxrfg u/L
jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
c+zsf] af“8kmf“6df s'/f gldn]sf sf/0f efOn] lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f xfn]kl5 ljut
s]xL jif{b]lv tfl/v v]Kb} cfPsf] k'maf{sf] cg'xf/ k'mª\u p8]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . pm
;fyLefO;“u lv:; xf“:g klg ;St}g .
-v_lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u
ug'{xf];\ M
ljBfnodf cfof]hgf ePsf] g[To k|ltof]lutfdf pTs[i6 g[To k|bz{g u/]/ 5fqfx¿n]
;a}sf] dg lht] . pgLx¿sf] g[To x]bf{ gfRg ghfGg] cf“ug 6]9f] eg]/ s;}n] klg eGg
;Sg] cj:yf /x]g . pgLx¿sf] g[To b]v]kl5 k|wfgfWofksn] d'v} kmf]/]/ tfl/km ug'{eof]
. csa/L ;'gnfO{ s;L nufpg'kb}{g eg]/ pkl:yt ;a}n] pgLx¿sf] k|z+;f u/] .
$= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] kbju{ klxrfg ug'{xf];\ M -#_
g]kfnL ;dfh ;+;f/df c¿eGbf leGg 5, ljlzi6 5 . klxrfg eg]sf] c¿eGbf ljlzi6
x'g' g} t xf] lg ¤ of] s'/f s;nfO{ yfxf 5}g / ¤ of] ;a}n] a'‰g ;S5g\ .
%= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 b'O{cf]6f tT;d zAb / b'O{cf]6f cfuGt's zAb klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\
M -@_
o; laGb'nfO{ j}1flgsn] l;ª\u'nfl/6Lsf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\ . SjfG6d k'~hsf ¿kdf /x]sfn]
;jf{lws 3gTjsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] o; laGb'nfO{ xlsª\;n] ANofsxf]n eg]sf 5g\ .
^= s'g} Pssf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -#_
-s_tnsf pk;u{ / k|Tooaf6 Ps Pscf]6f zAblgdf{0f ug'{xf];\ M
pk;u{ M cg, gf, ;'
ug'{xf];\ / låTj zAbsf] lgdf{0fk|lj|mof b]vfpg'xf];\ M
bf]af6f]df a;]/ ukm;km u/L lbg sf6\g] sltko dflg;n] ;donfO{ cfn6fn ul//x]sf
x'G5g\ . c¿sf] ;/;Nnfx gdfGg] pgsf 7'NbfO eg] cfhef]ln 5/l5d]ssf] 3/b}nf]df
k'uL pgLx¿nfO{ s;}sf] s[kfkfq gagL sfdsfhdf nfUg k|]/0ff lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
&= s'g} Pssf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ n], nfO{, af6, åf/f, sf], sL, df / b]lv ljelSt nfu]sf leGg sf/ssf] k|of]u u/L
cfkm\gf] ljBfnodf ;DkGg jflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmdsf] j0f{g ug{'xf];\ .
-v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]bnfO{ k'lnª\u eP :qLlnª\u / :qLlnª\u eP k'lnª\udf ¿kfGt/0f u/L
k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M
km'k"n] ebfnfO{ af]nfP/ vfgf v'jfpg'eof] . gGbn] klg efph"nfO{ af]nfP/ vfgf v'jfO{
. pgLx¿;“u} Pp6f Pp6f 5f]/L klg cfPsf lyP . t/, Toxf“ sfsL{ afsf] eg] pkl:ylt
lyPg .
*= s'g} Pssf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ km/s km/s wft'af6 ag]sf ;fdfGo eljiot\ sfnsf lj|mofkbsf] k|of]u u/L rf/
jfSodf cfkm"n] ljz]if u/L k9]sf] g]kfnL ljifodfly k|sfz kfg'{xf];\ .
-v_ tn lbOPsf cg'R5]bsf jfSonfO{ ;ª\ult ldnfP/ k'gn{]vg ug'{xf];\ M
;lngf dfOt uof] . p;n] efOnfO{ sfddf ;3fPg .
pgn] /f]6Lx? ksfof] . p;sf] sfd b]v]/ a'afcfdf bË k¥of] .
(= s'g} Pssf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_tnsf hl6n jfSonfO{ cf7cf]6f ;/n jfSodf ljZn]if0f ug'{xf];\ M
o'jf sfdsf] vf]hdf ljb]z uP t/ pgLx¿n] ;f]r] h:tf] sfd kfPgg\ . hLjg ;'wf/sf
nflu w]/} k|of; u/] tfklg ;d:of lhp“sf ltp“ g} /x\of] . ha /fi6«n] Tof] ;d:of yfxf
kfpnf ta o'jfnfO{ ljb]zaf6 lemsfO{ :j/f]huf/L agfpnf . ljb]z hfg]sf] ;ª\Vofdf
pNn]Vo sdL cfpnf clg ljb]z hfg]sf] cfsif{0f 36\nf .
-v_tnsf jfSonfO{ k|ToIf sygdf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
a'afn] efOnfO{ olt /flt sxf“ uP/ cfPsf] eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof] . efOn] ljz]if sfd
ePsfn] ;fyL sxf“ uP/ cfPsf] eGof] . a'afn] o:tf] /flt cab]lv PSn} glx“8\g' eg]/
;Demfpg'eof] . efOn] x'G5 eg]/ a'afsf] s'/f dfGof] .
!)= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L cGTodf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -%×××!≠%_
cfo'j]{b k"jL{o k|frLg lrlsT;f k4lt xf] . ‘cfo'j]{b’ zAbsf] cy{ ‘cfo'sf] 1fg’ eGg] x'G5 .
o;nfO{ cfo'lj{1fg klg elgG5 . cfo'sf] 1fg eGgfn] hLjgdf k"0f{ cfo' lhpg] ljifo /
 snfsf] 1fg xf] . k"0f{ cfo' lhpg :jf:Yo klxnf] cfjZostf xf] . :j:y JolSt g} k"0ff{o'sf]
hLjg lhp“5 eGg] cfo'j{]bsf] dfGotf xf] . o;}n] cfo'j{]bdf hLjg :j:y /fVg] pkfosf af/]df
lj:t[t ¿kdf rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . hLjg :j:y /fVg' eg]sf] ;s/e/ z/L/df /f]usf] k|j]z
x'g glbg' xf] / sbflrt\ /f]usf] k|j]z eOxfn] klg pkrf/sf dfWodaf6 z/L/af6 To;sf]
lgisf;g ug'{ xf] . cfo'j]{bdf /f]usf] pkrf/sf nflu sfolrlsT;f, zNotGq, zfnfSotGq,
e"tljBf, sf}df/e[To, cubtGq, /;fogtGq / afhLs/0ftGq u/L cf7 cª\u /x]sf 5g\ .
oLdWo] sfolrlsT;fdf zf/Ll/s /f]u, zNotGqdf lr/kmf/ ug'{kg]{ /f]u, zfnfSotGqdf
gfs, sfg, 3f“6L jf cGo s'g} sf/0f ePsf] 6fpsfsf] /f]u, e"tljBfdf e"t, u|x jf dfgl;s
sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f nfu]sf] dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/sf] k4lt k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o:t}
sf}df/e[Todf ue{jtL :qLnfO{ nfUg] /f]u / afn/f]u, cubtGqdf z/L/df ljiffn' kbfy{sf]
k|j]zsf sf/0f pTkGg ePsf] /f]u, /;fogtGqdf j[4fj:yfdf x'g] /f]u, afhLs/0f tGqdf
z/L/df wft'sf] sdLsf sf/0f x'g] /f]usf] pkrf/sf] k4lt ;dflji6 5 . cfo'j]{bsf cg';f/
d'Vo ¿kdf z/L/df jft, lkQ / skm oL lqbf]ifsf] c;Gt'ngsf sf/0f /f]usf] k|j]z x'G5
. oL tLg bf]ifaf6 aRg] d'Vo pkfo eg]sf] plrt cfxf/ / pko'St hLjgz}nL g} xf] .
pko'St cfxf/ / hLjgz}nLaf6 z/L/df /f]u;“u n8\g] cf]h jf hLjgL zlSt ;zSt ¿kdf
lj|mofzLn aG5 . hLjgL zlStsf] ;zSttf x'“bf z/L/df /f]un] k|j]z g} ug{ kfp“b}g ≤
sbflrt\ k|j]z ul/xfn] klg Tof] k|efjxLg x'G5 . k|efjxLg To; /f]unfO{ klg :yfgLo
h8La'6L / vlghsf] pkof]u u/L z/L/af6 ;xh} lgisf;g ug{ ;lsG5 . o;}n] plrt
cfxf/, pko'St hLjgz}nL / pknAw :yfgLo h8La'6Lsf] ;]jgaf6 :j:y /x]/ k"0ff{o'sf]
hLjg lhpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{ lrlsT;f k4lt g} cfo'j]{b xf] .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ cfo'j]{bsf cf7 cª\u s] s] x'g\ <
-v_ sfolrlsT;f / zNotGqdf s'g s'g /f]usf] pkrf/ k4lt k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 <
-u_ z/L/df /f]usf] k|j]z x'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
-3_ cfo'j]{bn] hLjgdf k"0ff{o' lhpg s] ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 <
-ª_ dflysf] cg'R5]bsf] pko'St zLif{s s] x'g ;S5 <
!!=lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L d'Vo d'Vo rf/cf]6f a'“bf l6kf]6 u/L ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ M -@+#≠%_
d'n'sdf /x]sf] a]/f]huf/ Pjd\ cg'Tkfbs >d zlStnfO{ pgLx¿sf] of]Uotf, l;k tyf bIftf
cg'¿k cGo ljleGg d'n'sdf /f]huf/Lsf nflu k7fO{ pgLx¿dfkm{t j}b]lzs ljk|]if0f cfo,
l;k, k|ljlw / cg'ej :jb]zdf leœofOG5 . g]kfnsf] cy{Joj:yfdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf]
of]ubfg pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . ljutsf] åGåsf] ;dodf cy{tGqsf cfGtl/s kIfx¿ s[lif,
pBf]u, Jofkf/nufotsf If]qx¿df gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ln] lg/Gt/ 6]jf k'¥ofP tfklg bIf sfdbf/ !=% k|ltzt, @$ k|ltzt cw{bIf /
&$=% k|ltzt cbIf hgzlSt ljb]l;g] x'“bf g]kfnn] o;af6 k"0f{ nfe lng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g
. g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] d'Vo uGtJosf ¿kdf stf/, dn]l;of, ax/fOg, ;fpbL c/]ljof, ;+o'St
c/a Old/]6\; / s'a]t /x]sf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljsf;sf] bL3{sfnLg ;|f]t xf]Og .
d'n'sleq} s[lif If]qsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f Pjd\ Joj;foLs/0f, pBf]u If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/
tyf ljljw :j/f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gfdfkm{t afWofTds j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] cGTo u/L
bIf Pjd\ l;ko'St hgzlStnfO{ dfq j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf kl/rfng ub}{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{
;'/lIft, dof{lbt / Jojl:yt u/]df g]kfnn] cfly{s ljsf;df j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 clwstd
nfe lng ;lsG5 .
!@= s'g} Pssf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ :d[lt ;Knfo;{, ;t'ª\unsf tkm{af6 ;femf lsgd]n s]Gb|, kf]v/fnfO{ ljleGg vfBfGg
k7fOlbg cg'/f]w ub}{ n]Vg] Jofj;flos kqsf] gd'gf tof/ kf/]/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ cf gf] hUufdf km'6an d}bfg lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu d'Gh'/L lbFb} :yfgLo km'6an
SnanfO{ lbOg] dGh'/gfdfsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
!#=s'g} Pssf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_tkfO{“sf] ljBfnon] cfof]hgf u/]sf] v]ns'b sfo{j|mdsf] ljj/0f ;d]6]/ !%)
zAb;Ddsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
-v_‘;jf/L b'3{6gf’ zLif{sdf !%) zAb;Ddsf] l6Kk0fL n]Vg'xf];\ .
!$=s'g} Pssf] JofVof ug'{xf];\ M -$_
-s_ Tof] ltdL g} xf}nf eGg]
d]/f] of}jgel/sf] ;kgf lyof] .
-v_dflg;sf] kl/ro p;sf] z/L/n] eGbf klg p;sf] dl:tis / x[bon] lbg] x'“bf
z/L/nfO{ hlt;'s} IftljIft t'NofP klg bdoGtLsf] x[bo / a'l4 eljiosf] pHofnf]
cfzfdf gnk|lt emg\ emg\ a9L d'Uw / sf]dn x'“b} uof] .
!%=s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ lbOPsf lgofqf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
hf]uagLb]lv w/fg;Ddsf] cnsq] af6fnfO{ lwSsfb}{ / efbufpFb]lv afx|lj;];Ddsf]
km/flsnf] sfnf] af6fnfO{ ;/fKb} xfdL 7;7; slg/xof}+ . l;+xb/af/ cufl8sf] lrKnf]
af6f] ToxfF lyPg, g ToxfF e/xjfaf6 a'6an hfFbf h:tf] t];f]{ ;f]emf] af6f] g} lyof] .
ToxfF r'Rr] 9'ª\ufx¿ kx/fdf t]l;{Psf lyP sfnf ?vsf 5fofdf sRdlG6P/ . kl;gfn]
lgy'Ss leh]/ xfdL 5 hgf cefuL cfsfztkm{ prfln/xof}F, prfO lnO/Xof].
lgncfd{:6«ªx¿nfO{ Tolt lkm6lkm6L k/]g xf]nf lsgeg] rGb|dfdf k'Ubf pgLx¿l;t oy]i6
j}1flgs pks/0f pknAw lyP . xfdL eg] kfgL;d]t gkfP/ /f]of}F. lgs} dfly k'u]kl5
 b'O6f kfgLsf s'nf e]l6+bf :ju{ k'u]sf] cg'ej eof] . d?e"ldsf ofqLn] PSsfl; d?wfg
e]6] e}m xfdL km'n]n eof}F .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] r9\bf cGo ljleGg 7fpFÞsf ;s8nfO{ ;/fKg'kg]{ sf/0f s] xf]<
-v_ lgn cfd{:6«ªx¿nfO{ lsg rG›dfdf k'Ug lkm6lkm6L k/]g <
-v_tnsf] syf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
s'g} chu/, ssf]{6s jf lgiffbo'jsn] km]l/ anhÇtL ug{ gkfcf];\, To:tf s'g}n] b]lvxfNof]
eg] klg s'¿k / af}nfxL 7fg]/ To:tfn] cfj|md0f gu?g\ eGg] ljrf/ ub}{ bdoGtLn]
cfÇgf s]znfO{ w'nfn] d';f/]/ huN6f h:tf] agfOg\ / cfÇgf] ¿knfO{ lxnfn] bn]/ ljs[t
t'NofOg\ . dflg;sf] kl/ro p;sf] z/L/n] eGbf klg p;sf] dl:tis / x[bon] lbg] x'“bf
z/L/nfO{ hlt;'s} IftljIft t'NofP klg bdoGtLsf] x[bo / a'l4 eljiosf] pHofnf]
cfzfdf gnk|lt emg\emg\ a9L d'Uw / sf]dn x'“b} uof] .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ z/L/ s'¿k eP klg s'g s'/fn] / lsg bdoGtLsf] x[bo df]lxt x'“b} uof] <
-cf_ bdoGtLn] cfÇgf] ¿k lsg abn]sL x'g\ <
!^= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . -$_
s_ “d}n] o;/L /f]uLnfO{ em}F ltd|f] skfn d';f/L/xg'kg{] 5}g” sljtf+zaf6 sljn] s]
eGg vf]h]sf x'g\, < cfkm\gf] k|ltlqmof JoSt ug{'xf];\ .
v_ k|s[lt;Fu h'Wg' g} hLjgsf] /dfOnf] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sf6\tf
lgaGwdf s;/L rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 <k|ltqmof lbg'xf];\ .
!&= s'g} Pssf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -*_
-s_ ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;df k|]dsf] dxŒjnfO{ s'g ¿kdf b;f{OPsf] 5 < ;dLIff ug'{xf];\.
-v_ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sf6\tf lgofqfdf JoQm ;'Gb/tfnfO{ tkfFO{n] s'g s'g ?kdf
cg'e"t ug'{x'G5 < ;dLIff lbg'xf];\ .
!*=s'g} Ps zLif{sdf sDtLdf @%) zAb;Ddsf] lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ M -*_
-s_ d]/f] afNosfn -v_ s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f
-u_ lzlIft o'jfsf] ljb]z knfog
z'e ljhof bzdL, bLkfjnL tyf 57sf] xflb{s dª\undo z'esfdgf .
b'O6f kfgLsf s'nf e]l6+bf :ju{ k'u]sf] cg'ej eof] . d?e"ldsf ofqLn] PSsfl; d?wfg
e]6] e}m xfdL km'n]n eof}F .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] r9\bf cGo ljleGg 7fpFÞsf ;s8nfO{ ;/fKg'kg]{ sf/0f s] xf]<
-v_ lgn cfd{:6«ªx¿nfO{ lsg rG›dfdf k'Ug lkm6lkm6L k/]g <
-v_tnsf] syf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
s'g} chu/, ssf]{6s jf lgiffbo'jsn] km]l/ anhÇtL ug{ gkfcf];\, To:tf s'g}n] b]lvxfNof]
eg] klg s'¿k / af}nfxL 7fg]/ To:tfn] cfj|md0f gu?g\ eGg] ljrf/ ub}{ bdoGtLn]
cfÇgf s]znfO{ w'nfn] d';f/]/ huN6f h:tf] agfOg\ / cfÇgf] ¿knfO{ lxnfn] bn]/ ljs[t
t'NofOg\ . dflg;sf] kl/ro p;sf] z/L/n] eGbf klg p;sf] dl:tis / x[bon] lbg] x'“bf
z/L/nfO{ hlt;'s} IftljIft t'NofP klg bdoGtLsf] x[bo / a'l4 eljiosf] pHofnf]
cfzfdf gnk|lt emg\emg\ a9L d'Uw / sf]dn x'“b} uof] .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ z/L/ s'¿k eP klg s'g s'/fn] / lsg bdoGtLsf] x[bo df]lxt x'“b} uof] <
-cf_ bdoGtLn] cfÇgf] ¿k lsg abn]sL x'g\ <
!^= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . -$_
s_ “d}n] o;/L /f]uLnfO{ em}F ltd|f] skfn d';f/L/xg'kg{] 5}g” sljtf+zaf6 sljn] s]
eGg vf]h]sf x'g\, < cfkm\gf] k|ltlqmof JoSt ug{'xf];\ .
v_ k|s[lt;Fu h'Wg' g} hLjgsf] /dfOnf] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sf6\tf
lgaGwdf s;/L rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 <k|ltqmof lbg'xf];\ .
!&= s'g} Pssf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -*_
-s_ ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;df k|]dsf] dxŒjnfO{ s'g ¿kdf b;f{OPsf] 5 < ;dLIff ug'{xf];\.
-v_ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sf6\tf lgofqfdf JoQm ;'Gb/tfnfO{ tkfFO{n] s'g s'g ?kdf
cg'e"t ug'{x'G5 < ;dLIff lbg'xf];\ .
!*=s'g} Ps zLif{sdf sDtLdf @%) zAb;Ddsf] lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ M -*_
-s_ d]/f] afNosfn -v_ s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f
-u_ lzlIft o'jfsf] ljb]z knfog
z'e ljhof bzdL, bLkfjnL tyf 57sf] xflb{s dª\undo z'esfdgf .