K&A Engineering Consulting, P.C.

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ADIRONDACK SUBSTATION
GROUNDING CALCULATION AND REPORT

REV
DATE DOCUMENT NAME PREPARED CHECKED REVIEWED APPROVED
NO.
ADIRONDACK SUBSTATION
0 02/17/2023 GROUNDING CALCULATION AND SN PB JK GP
REPORT

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445 Hamilton Ave, Suite 406
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 CALCULATION OBJECTIVE................................................................................................ 2

2.0 ASSUMMPTIONS ............................................................................................................. 2

3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA/DESIGN BASIS...................................................................................... 2

4.0 REFERENCES/ SOURCE DOCUMENTS ............................................................................... 3

5.0 APPROACH/METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 4

6.0 COMPUTATIONS ............................................................................................................. 5

7.0 RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................. 5

8.0 ATTACHMENTS ............................................................................................................... 6

Page1

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1.0 CALCULATION OBJECTIVE

The calculation objective is to design a ground grid for Adirondack Substation and confirm
that the ground grid is adequate to ensure that a ground fault will be safe to personnel in
and around the new substation by analyzing the safe touch and step potentials.
Adirondack Substation is a six position 345/115kV breaker and a half substation
arrangement with five transmission lines; two 345kV lines to Haverstock Substation, one
345kV line to Marcy Substation, one 345kV line to Austin Road Substation, one auto
transformer for one 115kV line to Beaver Falls Substation. The additional major electrical
equipment includes the autotransformer’s 13.8kV tertiary for station service, one future
345kV position, two 345kV 140MVAR capacitor banks, and two 345kV 100MVAR shunt
reactor.

2.0 ASSUMMPTIONS

None

3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA/DESIGN BASIS

3.1. Soil resistivity values are shown in Attachment #1.

3.2. The substation one-line diagram and general arrangement are shown in Attachment #2.
3.3. Body resistance is based on IEEE Standard 80-2013.
3.4. Fibrillation current calculation is based on a 50 kg body weight.
3.5. The highest fault current at Adirondack Substation is 13,202.7A (1L_G) with an X/R ratio
of 10.9.
a. The fault current based on ASPEN OneLiner Version 14.8 Bus Fault Summary dated
Fri Jun 11 23:10:51 2021 is included in Attachment #3.
b. For the grounding study the current injected in the ground grid is 19.8kA
(13,202.7A times 1.5 p.u) with an X/R ratio of 15. Ground grid current is taken as
1.5* the worst-case fault as per NYPA Design Criteria.
3.6. Fault clearing time is set at 30 cycles (0.50 seconds) as per NYPA Substation Design Criteria
document.
3.7. Ground conductor – 4/0 AWG, 19 strand, annealed, soft drawn, 100% conductivity,
copper, burial depth 24 inches below native soil and 30 inches below substation finished
grade.
3.8. Ground rods and conductors are added and/or removed as required to meet safe step
and touch potentials.
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3.9. All vertical column (drilled pier) foundations are represented as Steel Re-Bar Concrete
Electrodes and electrically connected to the main ground grid for additional vertical
grounding conductors.
3.10. Ground Enhancement Material (G.E.M) of rod length 100 ft and well diameter of 12 inch
is required. The rod conductor is coupled 10ft ¾ inch copper clad ground rods centered
within the G.E.M for the entire depth of the ground well. The G.E.M. wells are located at
the four corners of the substation, connected to the ground grid perimeter conductor 3
feet outside the substation fence.
3.11. The number of 345kV transmission lines is four (4), 115kV lines is one (1); therefore, the
total number of transmission lines are five (5). The total number of distribution feeders is
zero (0).
3.12. A crush rock surface, with a 2,000 ohm-meter resistivity and thickness of 6 inches, is over
the entire substation and extends 6 feet beyond the substation fence. As shown in
Grading Plan Cross Section Drawing (Attachment #4), a 24 inches of permeable top rock
surface with three layers of different rock types is utilized with infiltration rate of greater
than 0.5 inch/hour. The top surface layer consists of 6 inches of surface course rock,
followed by 8 inches of filter course rock and 10 inches thickness of reservoir course rock.
Between the filter course rock and reservoir course rock is a layer of non-woven filter
fabric material. The entire surface rock is modeled as a single layer of 24 inches of top
rock in the software.
3.13. The ground grid and all substation grounding are in accordance with NYPA’s Design
Criteria and Construction Standards.
3.14. Soil Resistivity and soil characteristics
a. Soil resistivity data was obtained during a soil investigation by Atlantic Testing
Laboratories during November 2021 using the Wenner 4-Point Soil-Resistivity Test
Method. Measurements were performed at two locations along two traverses at
each location in the vicinity of the proposed substation. The exact locations of the
traverses as well as the actual resistivity measurements are included in Attachment
#1. All four traverses (the results from both tests) were entered into WINIGS to
obtain the two-layer soil model shown in Section 7.1

4.0 REFERENCES/ SOURCE DOCUMENTS

4.1. IEEE Std 80-2013 – IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
4.2. NYPA Substation Design Guide, Section 9 – Grounding
4.3. NYPA Substation Design Criteria Document, Smart Path Connect, Burns and McDonnel
Consultants, P.C. Rev C
4.4. Atlanta Testing Laboratories, ATL Report No. CD10187E-02-10-21_NYPA Smart Path
Connect –Proposed Adirondack Substation, dated November 02, 2021.
4.5. National Grid stormwater management standard drawing C-101
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5.0 APPROACH/METHODOLOGY

5.1. The resistivity data that was measured in 2021 is included in Attachment #1. The
resistivity data that was measured (four sets of readings) was entered into and used by
WINIGS version 7.7C to compute the Dynamic Model Fit Report and resulting Two-Layer
Soil Model required for the calculation. The two-layer soil model is included in
Attachment #5.
5.2. The soil condition results revealed poor conductivity (highly resistive) which created
difficulty in establishing safe touch potentials within reach of the substation perimeter
fence. An additional grounding conductor 6 feet outside the substation fence (on the edge
of the insulating rock) and four Ground Enhancement Material wells were needed to
lower the touch potentials within a tolerated value.
5.3. The ground grid is optimally designed based on the minimally acceptable grid dimensions.
Several iterations of different size grids were analyzed using the WINIGS computer
program. The minimum-sized grid was determined to be 15-ft x 15-ft. The ground-grid
layout is shown in Attachment #6.
5.4. No Vertical Ground Rod were included in the design due to the poor soil conditions as the
addition of ground rod on the substation (or at transmission line crossing) do not provide
benefits to the grounding system.
5.5. Fault current through the grid:
a. The substation grounding is designed to be safe for a fault current of 19.8kA with a
fault duration of 0.50 seconds as specified in the NYPA Design Criteria.
b. During a ground fault event, the fault current splits through all conductive paths,
including the ground grid, ground/shield wires and the earth. For transmission and
distribution stations, IEEE Std 80-2013 considers the design of a ground grid based on
fault current returning to ground through shield wires on overhead and armor on
underground power lines. As such, part of the fault current is diverted to areas outside
the substation, thereby reducing the amount of fault current injected into the ground
grid.
c. To determine the split factor, the proposed layout of the Adirondack substation
consists of seven (5) transmission lines and zero (0) distribution feeders; the one-line
diagram is included in Attachment #2.
d. Split factor for this study was estimated using the current splits curve extracted from
the IEEE Std 80-2013 Figure C.19 which is included in Attachment #8. It was
determined using the graphical method at a grid resistance of 14.09 ohms obtained
for the design from the WinIGS software. The Rp value intersects the 5/0 interpreted
curve at a split factor of 0.02. A conservative value of 20% split factor was chosen to
model the grounding system. The fault current is multiplied by the split factor to
obtain the current through the ground grid which is calculated as (Fault Current X Split
Factor = 19.8 * 20%) 3.96kA.
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e. The category C and 50/50 remote/local fault current contributions is used to

determine the split factor because in the proposed Adirondack substation both local
and remote ground-fault current will be present under fault conditions. The local
current originates at the autotransformer neutrals and the remote current comes
from the 115kV transmission lines. The autotransformer is sized to supply the full load
on the 115kV lines. The equal power is assumed out of the autotransformer, and thus
local and remote fault currents are expected to be in the 50% level. Due to the high
resistance value of the ground grid, the split factor value of 20% was chosen due to
uncertainty of transmission tower grounding. Therefore, the conservative selection of
20% is recommended in the design.
5.6. Conductor Sizing
The conductor size is verified by the program to ensure the fault current does not lead to
fusing of conductors. WINIGS is used to calculate minimum ground conductor size per
IEEE Std 80-2013. The software determines the minimum standard conductor size, for
current through the ground grid 3.96kA, 25.7kcmils which indicates conductor size of 4/0
AWG copper (as stipulated in NYPA design standard) is adequate to safely discharge the
grid current to the ground. The conductor fusing size calculation is shown in Attachment
#9.
5.7. Step and Touch Potentials
Based on the above conditions, the WINIGS program calculates the step and touch
potentials throughout the station to ensure all areas of the station are safe for personnel
in and around the station. Step and touch potential plots are shown in Attachment #7.

6.0 COMPUTATIONS

Computations were performed using WINIGS Version 7.7C Software. Data input and all
computation results can be found in Attachment #10.

7.0 RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS

7.1 WINIGS was used to calculate the two-layer soil model using the resistivity data shown in
Attachment #1 as described above. Table 7.1 summarizes the resistivity, tolerance, and
thickness of the layers. Further soil model details are included in Attachment #5.
Table 7.1 Two Layer soil model computed by WinIGS

Layer Number Resistivity Tolerance Thickness

(Ohm-Meter) (Ohm-Meter) (ft)
Upper (1) 837.0 ±207.4 2.0
Lower (2) 6217.4 ±1199.0 Infinite
Page5

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7.2 The design provided use of a Copper 4/0 AWG, 19 strand, annealed, soft drawn, 100%
conductivity. This conductor exceeds the minimum requirement and is an industry
standard size.
7.3 The designed grid (15 ft X 15 ft) as shown in Attachment #6 meets the safety criteria set
out by IEEE 80-2013. Areas where the maximum touch potential exceeds the minimum
safety threshold outside the station is beyond the reach of hazardous surfaces and is also
considered safe.
7.4 Calculated maximum permitted and achieved step and touch values are as follows:

Voltage Maximum Permitted Maximum Achieved Margin

Type Voltage (V) Voltage (V) (%)
Touch 631.5 538.1 17.37
Step 2052.5 576.8 255.84

7.5 Grid spacing is shown on Drawing 100-AKS-3C01 included as Attachment #11.

7.6 The bill of material is shown in Attachment #12

8.0 ATTACHMENTS

Attachment #1 Subsurface Investigation and Report by Atlantic Testing

Laboratories, Section 5.4, Attachment B (Resistivity Test Locations)
and Attachment G (Electrical Resistivity Test Results)
Attachment #2 One-Line Diagram and General Arrangement Plan
Attachment #3 ASPEN OneLiner Version 14.8 Bus Fault Summary
Attachment #4 Grading Plan Cross Section Drawing
Attachment #5 Two-layer Soil Model
Attachment #6 Ground Grid Layout
Attachment #7 Touch & Step Potential Plots
Attachment #8 Split Factor
Attachment #9 Conductor Fusing Size
Attachment #10 Complete WINIGS Simulation
Attachment #11 Optimized Grounding Grid Layout Drawing
Attachment #12 Bill of Materials

Page6

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 Attachment #1
Subsurface Investigation and Geotechnical
Evaluation by Atlantic Testing Laboratories
 ATLANTIC TESTING LABORATORIES, Limited

Field Soil Electrical Resistivity Report

ATL Project No. CD10187 Project: NYPA Smart Path Connect - Adirondack SS
Client: United ECI Test Date/Time: 10/15/2021: 9:02 - 9:53 AM
Weather Condition Cloudy Soil Condition: Agricultural Field, Low-Growth, Wet
Ambient Temperature: 60 ⁰F Test Method: Wenner 4-Pin Soil Resistivity Test
Test Completed by: I. Spelta / K. Jones ASTM G 57 / IEEE 81

Test Instrument: Advanced Geosciences, Inc. - SuperSting R1/IP, Serial No.: SS1812054
DC-Memory Earth Resistivity Meter

Field Test Data

Approx. 2-Cycle
TEST Apparent Soil
Probe 'a' Probe Test Standard Measured
LOCATION
Spacing Depth Current, I Deviation, σ Resistance, Ω Resistivity 1
(ft) (in) (mA) (%) (ohms) (ohm-cm)
2 2 2.565 0.0 364.1 139,450
5 6 2.375 0.0 288.7 276,430
10 6 2.351 0.0 211.7 405,406
SRT-1 15 6 5.399 0.0 159.3 457,589
N-S 20 6 5.373 0.0 139.2 533,136
30 6 5.347 0.0 103.5 594,608
40 6 12.51 0.0 78.70 602,842
60 6 59.24 0.0 57.63 662,169
80 6 60.57 0.4 42.93 657,688
2 2 2.570 0.0 369.9 141,672
5 6 5.345 0.0 286.5 274,324
SRT-1 10 6 2.252 0.0 214.2 410,193
E-W 15 6 2.533 0.0 157.7 452,993
20 6 2.308 0.0 128.3 491,389
30 6 5.116 0.0 99.24 570,134
40 6 5.534 0.0 84.74 649,108
60 6 57.09 0.0 60.62 696,524
80 6 52.25 0.0 43.13 660,752
1
Calculation: Soil Resistivity (ohm-cm) = 191.5 x Probe Spacing (ft) x Resistance (ohm)
2
Active agricultural field with alfalfa and clover.
3
Test Location: Northing: 1430324.3, Easting: 1153391.9. Referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) and projected on the
New York State Plane coordinate system (Central Region), expressed in U.S. Survey feet.
 Field Electrical ResistivityTesting
Proposed Adirondack Substation
NYPA Smarth Path Connect Project
Croghan, Lewis County, New York
Test Location: SRT-1
Test Date Time: October 15, 2021: 09:02 - 09:53 AM
ATL Project No.: CD10187E-02
750,000
Apparent Electrical Resistivity, Ÿ-cm [ohm-cm]

700,000
650,000
600,000
550,000
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000 SRTͲ1[NͲS]

300,000 SRTͲ1[EͲW]
SRTͲ1AVERAGE
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Probe Spacing 'a', [ft]
 ATLANTIC TESTING LABORATORIES, Limited

ield Soil Electrical Resistivity Report

ATL Project No. CD10187 Project: NYPA Smart Path Connect - Adirondack SS
Client: United ECI Test Date Time: 10/15/2021: 09:56 - 10:48 PM
eather Condition Cloudy Soil Condition: Agricultural Field, Low-Growth, Wet
Ambient Temperature: 60϶F Test ethod: Wenner 4-Pin Soil Resistivity Test
Test Completed by: I. Spelta / K. Jones ASTM G 57 / IEEE 81

Test nstrument: Advanced Geosciences, Inc. - SuperSting R1/IP, Serial No.: SS1812054
DC-Memory Earth Resistivity Meter

Field Test Data

Approx. 2-Cycle
TEST Apparent Soil
Probe 'a' Probe Test Standard Measured
LOCATION
Spacing Depth Current, I Deviation, ʍ Resistance, ё Resistivity 1
(ft) (in) (mA) (%) (ohms) (ohm-cm)
2 2 10.92 0.0 215.1 82,383
5 6 10.85 0.0 168.3 161,147
10 6 10.62 0.0 119.8 229,417
SRT-2 15 6 5.639 0.0 117.7 338,093
N-S 20 6 5.201 0.0 98.10 375,723
30 6 10.71 0.0 80.56 462,817
40 6 10.95 0.0 66.67 510,692
60 6 59.79 0.0 44.04 506,020
80 6 97.76 0.0 30.88 473,082
2 2 10.84 0.0 221.5 84,835
5 6 5.519 0.0 175.3 167,850
SRT-2 10 6 5.613 0.0 114.8 219,842
E-W 15 6 5.657 0.0 109.2 313,677
20 6 5.312 0.0 96.58 369,901
30 6 5.213 0.0 78.66 451,902
40 6 5.674 0.0 63.77 488,478
60 6 61.49 0.0 43.99 505,445
80 6 62.65 0.0 31.99 490,087
1
Calculation: Soil Resistivity (ohm-cm) = 191.5 x Probe Spacing (ft) x Resistance (ohm)
2
Active agricultural field with alfalfa and clover.
3
Test Location: Northing: 1430730.2, Easting: 1153142.2. Referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) and projected on the
New York State Plane coordinate system (Central Region), expressed in U.S. Survey feet.
 Field Electrical ResistivityTesting
Proposed Adirondack Substation
NYPA Smarth Path Connect Project
Chateaugay, Franklin County, New York
Test Location: SRT-2
Test Date Time: October 15, 2021: 9:56 - 10:48 AM
ATL Project No.: CD10187E-02
550,000
Apparent Electrical Resistivity, Ÿ-cm [ohm-cm]

500,000

450,000

400,000

350,000

300,000

SRTͲ2[NͲS]
250,000
SRTͲ2[EͲW]
200,000 SRTͲ2AVERAGE

150,000

100,000

50,000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Probe Spacing 'a', [ft]
 Attachment #2
One- Line Diagram and General Arrangement
 ST. LAWRENCE-FDR POWER PROJECT
MASSENA, NEW YORK
(100-AK) ADIRONDACK SUBSTATION
 ST. LAWRENCE-FDR POWER PROJECT
MASSENA, NEW YORK
(100-AK) ADIRONDACK SUBSTATION
 LEGEND ST. LAWRENCE-FDR POWER PROJECT
MASSENA, NEW YORK
(100-AK) ADIRONDACK SUBSTATION

ISSUED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
 Attachment #3
ASPEN OneLiner Version 14.8 Bus Fault Summary
ASPEN OneLiner Version 14.8 Bus Fault Summary

Fri Jun 11 23:10:51 2021

Data File Name: C:\Users\ezzat.khalafalla\Downloads\CY19_ATBA_SC_V1.4_SEGMENT_1125_ON_POSTPROJECT_NEW.OLR
Study date: None
Output File Name: C:\Temp\Trial 1 6-11-21.CSV
File Comments:
NYISO FALL 2014
NON-PUBLIC
REPRESENTATION.
INFORMATION.RESTRICTED
DO NOT COPY. DISTRIBUTE ONLY TO AUTHORIZED RECEIVING PARTY. THIS INFORMATION IS FOR USE SOLELY BY THE RECEIVING PARTY FOR PERFORMING ITS RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE NYISO'S TARIFFS.

PREFAULT VOLTAGE PROFILE: FROM LINEAR NETWORK SOLUTION

GENERATOR IMPEDANCE: SUBTRANSIENT
IGNORE PHASE SHIFT: NO
IGNORE LOADS: YES
IGNORE TRANSMISSION LINE G+jB: YES
IGNORE SHUNTS WITH + SEQ IMPEDANCE: YES
IGNORE TRANSFORMER LINE SHUNTS: NO
MOV ITERATION: OFF
ENFORCE GENERATOR CURRENT LIMIT: OFF
SIMULATE VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED CURRENT SOURCES: YES
ANSI X/R RATIO CALCULATION: ON
IN X-ONLY NETWORK WHEN X=0 USE X=0.0001 P.U.
IN R-ONLY NETWORK WHEN R=0 COMPUTE R USING METHOD 1
WITH Rc=0.0002 P.U. X/R =125 FOR GENERATORS; =60 FOR TRANSFORMERS; =10 FOR REACTORS; =10 FOR OTHERS
ASSUME Z2 TO BE SAME AS Z1 FOR GENERATORS AND PHASE SHIFTERS.
X/R RATIOS: ANSI/IEEE
CURRENTS ARE IN AMPS AND IMPEDANCES ARE IN OHMS
VOLTAGES ARE IN KV LINE TO GROUND
FAULT BUSES: ALL BUSES
KV RANGES: 0-999
BUS NUMBERS: 0-9999999
SORT BUSES BY: NAME & KV
EXCLUDE TAP BUSES: YES

__3LG__ __2LG__ __1LG__ __L-L__ Maximum Maximum

NO BUS KV LOCATION AREA ZONE Prefault V PU Phase Cur Gnd Cur MVA X/R Phase Cur Gnd Cur MVA X/R Phase Cur Gnd Cur MVA X/R Phase Cur Gnd Cur MVA X/R Phase Cur Gnd Cur Z+ Z2 Z0
407120 #109(NYSE&G) 138 ALLEGHEN 226 25 1.01 2915.8 0 707.4 31.4 2941 2609.6 713.5 26.4 2756.8 2756.8 668.8 14.7 2525.2 0 612.6 31.4 2941 2756.8 0.67804 27.7261 0.68831 27.7256 4.8268 32.3325
0 ADIRONDACK 115 ADIRONDA 5 5 0.99 10357.1 0 2037.8 25.8 10487.6 10298 2063.4 23.6 10323.7 10323.7 2031.2 20.6 8965 0 1763.9 25.8 10487.6 10323.7 0.25295 6.32719 0.25332 6.33352 0.57369 6.36677
1478350 ADIRONDACK 230 ADIRONDA 5 5 0 0 0 0 9999 0 0 0 9999 0 0 0 9999 0 0 0 9999 0 0 0 -1.00E+08 0 -1.00E+08 0 -1.00E+08
0 ADIRONDACK R 115 ADIRONDA 5 6 0.98 12078.8 0 2364.3 6.5 11328.6 8602.8 2217.4 6.7 10051.4 10051.4 1967.4 7 10463.3 0 2048 6.5 12078.8 10051.4 1.15244 5.27728 1.15208 5.27441 1.8054 8.48321
0 ADR345 345 VALKIN 5 6 0.99 14959 0 8816 11.4 14371.8 11846.1 8469.9 11.2 13202.7 13202.7 7780.9 10.9 12935 0 7623.2 11.4 14959 13202.7 1.292 13.0687 1.29584 13.1088 2.45293 18.1751
0 Haverst230_1 230 VALKIN 5 6 1 22402.7 0 8916.2 21.3 24554.4 27908.6 9772.6 18.9 24746.2 24746.2 9848.9 16.6 19307.3 0 7684.2 21.3 24746.2 27908.6 0.4093 5.90769 0.4141 5.9652 0.73908 4.1342
0 Haverst230_2 230 VALKIN 5 6 1 22402.7 0 8916.2 21.3 24554.4 27908.6 9772.6 18.9 24746.2 24746.2 9848.9 16.6 19307.3 0 7684.2 21.3 24746.2 27908.6 0.4093 5.90769 0.4141 5.9652 0.73908 4.1342
0 Haverst230_3 230 VALKIN 5 6 1 22402.7 0 8916.2 21.3 24554.4 27908.6 9772.6 18.9 24746.2 24746.2 9848.9 16.6 19307.3 0 7684.2 21.3 24746.2 27908.6 0.4093 5.90769 0.4141 5.9652 0.73908 4.1342
0 Haverst345 345 VALKIN 5 6 0.99 15334.5 0 9114.5 23.5 15626.1 16193 9287.9 22.9 15705.4 15705.4 9335 22.5 13240.4 0 7869.8 23.5 15705.4 16193 0.88439 12.89 0.89303 12.967 1.0717 11.8811
 Attachment #4
Grading Plan Cross Section Drawing
 11
27

11
15

109
4
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
11
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
32

OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW
OHW

110
OHW
OHW
OHW

0
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW

11
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW

05
1110
11
17

1113
11
20

OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW
OHW OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW
OHW

1130

1134
1132
1133
11
34
113
5

1134

1130

1130

1135
1137

X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
1138

ISSUED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
1140
1137
1140
1137
≥

MASSENA, NEW YORK

ST. LAWRENCE-FDR POWER PROJECT

(100-AK) ADIRONDACK SUBSTATION

 Attachment #5
Two-Layer Soil Model
 Attachment #6
Ground Grid Layout
 Attachment #7
Step and Touch Potential Plots
Touch Potential over Yard Crushed Rock (2000 Ω.m, 24” thickness):
Step Potential over Yard Crushed Rock (2000 Ω.m, 24” thickness):
Attachment #8
Split Factor
Rp=14.09
 Attachment #9
Conductor Fusing Sizing
Conductor Size:
 Attachment #10
Complete WINIGS Simulation
Source:

Soil Resistivity:
Grid Resistance:

Safety Criteria:
Grid Resistance:

Surface Material:
Conductor Size Used:
Touch Voltage:
Step Voltage:
 Attachment #11
Optimized Grounding Grid Layout Drawing
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ST. LAWRENCE-FDR POWER PROJECT

MASSENA, NEW YORK
(100-AK) ADIRONDACK SUBSTATION
Attachment #12
Bill of Materials