QB On Waves 8

SOUTHERN INSPECTION SERVICES
E-Mail: sisins@gmail.com,
Website: www.sisndt.com, www.ndtsis.com, www.pdmsis.com
: 91-44-24868785, 24864332, 91-44-2647537
WAVES – QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Dilational waves can be transmitted in

a. Solids only
b. Solids and liquids only
c. solids, liquids and gas
d. surface of any solid medium
e. both c and d
2. Particle motion of Symmetrical plate(guide) waves is

a. hourglass motion
b. flexing motion
c. Shear-vertical
d. Shear-horizontal
3. Surface waves rapidly attenuated _________ beneath the surface of an

object
a. 4 wave length
b. 1 wave length
c. ¼ wave length
d. 1/10 wave length
4. Interface patterns in ultrasonic beam are easily defined. The Statement

is
a. True
b. False
c. Cannot say
d. True in the case of immersion testing only
5. Ultrasonic waves are reflected at interfaces where __________

properties change
a. elastic and physical
b. elastic and Young’s modulus
c. elastic
d. physical
6. A vibration can be said to have which of the following property

a. Cycle
b. Frequency
c. Period
d. all of these
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7. Ultrasonic sound moves through solids as well as

a. Air
b. Liquids
c. Grease
d. All of these
8. Wave velocity is dependent on

a. The ratio of sound velocity to wavelength
b. The density and elastic properties of the medium
c. The materials density and frequency in the medium
d. The elasticity of the medium through which the wave is traveling.
9. For the purpose of this exercise consider the smallest discontinuity

detectable using pulse echo testing is one half wavelengths. What is
the smallest defect you can detect within a 2 MHz probe inspecting a
steel specimen with a velocity 6 x 106 mm/sec?
a. 3.0 mm
b. 1.5mm
c. 1.0 mm
d. 2.0 mm
10. What is the smallest size of detect that can be detected if the probe
frequency is increased 6 MHz
a. 3.0 mm
b. 0.5 mm
c. 1.0 mm
d. 2.0 mm
11. Assuming a constant frequency wavelength will be longer in

a. Water
b. Air
c. Steel
d. Aluminum
12. Which of the following is relatively more elastic?

a. Tungsten
b. Magnesium
c. Steel
d. Aluminum
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13. Shear or transverse waves are described as having

a. Particle motion normal to the direction of propagation and a velocity
approximately half that of longitudinal waves?
b. Exceptionally high sensitivity due to low attenuation resulting from
longer wavelengths when propagating through water.
c. A velocity approximately twice that of surface waves in the direction of
propagation.
d. Particle motion perpendicular to the direction of propagation and no
attenuation in water.
14. Ultrasonic waves transmitted in fluids such as water are usually

a. Lamp waves
b. Shear waves
c. Raleigh waves
d. Longitudinal waves
15. Ultrasonic waves which propagate through thin sheet or plate material
and have a very complex particle motion in the form of elliptical orbits
are called (Choose two)
a. Plate wave
b. Raleigh waves
c. Lamb waves
d. Transitional waves
16. Particle in Plate waves exist in two basic models. They are
a. Symmetrical or dilatational
b. Symmetrical and asymmetrical
c. Asymmetrical or bending
d. Perpendicular and normal
17. The ultrasonic test method in which finger damping is most effective in
locating a discontinuity is:
a. Transverse wave
b. Longitudinal wave
c. Surface wave
d. Compress ional wave
18. The angle of reflection of a beam at Aluminum/water interface is:

a. Approx. ½ the angle of incidence
b. Approx. 4 times the angle of incidence
c. Equal to the angle of incidence
d. 0.256 times the angle of incidence
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19. The phenomenon by which a wave strikes a boundary and changes the
direction of its propagation within the same medium is referred to as:
a. Divergence
b. Impedance
c. Angulations
d. Reflection
20. The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of water appears

disjointed at the water surface illustrates the phenomenon of:
a. Reflection
b. Magnification
c. Refraction
d. Diffraction
21. What law can be used to calculate the angle of refraction within a metal
for both longitudinal and shear waves?
a. Poisson’s Ratio
b. Snell
c. Fresenel’s Field
d. Charles
22. If the angle probe is used on the material whose velocity is higher, than
steel, the angle of refraction in that material will be (consider shear
wave velocity)
a. Lower
b. Same
c. Higher
d. None of a, b or c
23. An incident ‘L’ wave transmitted at an angle less than the first critical
angle will generate:
a. ‘L’ & ‘S’ waves
b. ‘L’ & ‘T’ waves
c. ‘L’ waves only
d. ‘T’ waves only
24. When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second
critical angles, the wave generated within the part will be
a. Longitudinal
b. Shear
c. Surface
d. Lamb
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25. We increase the angle of incidence upto the second critical angle. This
leads to:
a. Total reflection of the ‘T’ Wave
b. 45º refraction of the ‘T’ Wave
c. The generation of a surface wave
d. None of the above
26. The angle at which 90º refraction of the ‘T’ wave occurs is called
a. First critical angle
b. Second critical angle
c. Third critical angle
d. Angle of reflection
27. First critical angle for Perspex and steel interface would be:
a. 10º
b. 57.5º
c. 35º
d. 27.5º
28. If a contact angle beam transducer produces a 45º shear wave in steel,
the angle produced by the same transducer in an aluminum specimen
should be: (Steel Vt = 0.323 cm/uSecs; Aluminum Vt = 0.310 cm/uSec)
a. Less than 45º
b. Greater than 45º
c. 45º
d. more information is required
29. A transducer with an acrylic/plastic wedge coupled to a steel specimen

at an angle of 29º will produce:
a. ‘T’ Waves
b. ‘S’ Waves
c. ‘L’ & ‘T’ Waves
d. ‘T’ & ‘S’ Waves
30. When testing aluminum by the immersion method using water, the
angle of incidence = 5º, the angle of refraction for ‘L’ waves will be :
a. 22º
b. 18º
c. 26º
d. 16º
5
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31. In a water immersion test, ultrasonic energy is transmitted into steel at

an incident angle of 14º, what is the angle of the refracted shear wave
within the material?
a. 45º
b. 23º
c. 31º
d. 13º
32. If you were requested to design a plastic shoe to generate a ‘S’ wave in
steel, what would be the incident angle of the ultrasonic wage?
a. 37º
b. 57º
c. 75º
d. 48º
33. A 4 MHz shear wave probe having 60º angle in steel is used for testing
copper plate, the angle & the frequency of this probe in copper will:
a. 60º - 4 MHz
b. 60º - 2.78 MHz
c. 37º - 2.78 MHz
d. 37º - 4 MHz
34. If the angle probe is marked as 60º, its wedge angle is:
a. 60º
b. more than 60º
c. less than 60° ie 47 °
d. exactly 90°.
35. When a beam of ultrasonic energy passes from a liquid into a metal
which of the following may take place at the interface?
a. Diffraction
b. Amplification in the beam direction
c. Refraction
36. If the angle of incidence during the performance of an immersion test

(V=0.149 cm/uSec.) of a 302 SS (V1 0.566 cm/uSec.; Vt = 0.312 cm/uSec.)
plate was found to be 33º (sin 33º = 0.545), which mode would exist in
the plate?
a. ‘L’ wave
b. ‘T’ wave
c. ‘S’ wave
d. None
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37. At an incident angle of 10º, longitudinal energy is transmitted from tap

water into a laminate of silver and steel. What is the angle of refracted
energy in steel?
a. 62º
b. 23º
c. 43º
d. 51.5º
Where: V (tap water) = 1.5 x 103 meters/sec.

VC (laminate of silver, near side) = 3.6 x 103 meters/sec
VC (Steel) = 5.9 x 103 meters/sec
VL = 2.76 cm/sec x 105
Plastic
38. Referring to the above figure, determine the refracted angle of

transverse waves in the SS cladding with a plastic wedge of 37º. V ss =
3400 M/s
a. 48º
b. 37º
c. 56º
d. 75º
39. Referring to the figure on the earlier page, determine the refracted angle
of transverse waves in the low alloy steel forging with a 37º plastic
wedge. Assume velocity here 3250 m/sec
a. 40º
b. 35º
c. 45º
d. 50º
40. Referring to the figure on the previous page, what angle should the
plastic wedge by cut in order to induce a 45º compress ional wave into
the cladding from the clad surface?
a. 18.4º
b. 15.5º
c. 30.5º
d. 22.5º
7
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41. Referring to the figure on the previous page, what angle should the
plastic wedge be cut to induce a 45º compress ional wave into the low
alloy steel from the clad surface? Assume vty as 6100 m/sec
a. 19º
b. 22º
c. 30º
d. 15º
42. The formula Sin θ1 = Sin θ2 is used to determine

V1 V2
a. Phase velocities
b. Amount of reflected sound energy
c. Angular relationships
d. Acoustic impedance
43. Angle beam search units produce a shear wave in the test material by
the phenomenon known as:
a. Reflection
b. Scattering
c. Attenuation
d. Mode conversion
44. Mode conversion in a ultrasonic beam

a. May lead to having several types of waves present which makes
interpretation easier in most cases
b. Is controlled to some extent by the angle the initial beam strikes the
best part surface
c. Is considered to be undesirable if surface waves are generated and the
tested part is being examined for surface discontinuities
45. The angle at which there will be total mode conversion for incoming
transverse wave in steel is:
a. 29º
b. 61º
c. 60º
d. 26º
8
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46. When an incident ultrasonic wave impinges upon an interface of two

materials with different acoustic impedances at an angle other than
normal to the surface, the wave may be:
a. Reflected
b. Refracted
c. Mode converted
d. All a, b & c
9
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WAVES – QUESTIONNAIRE
Q.NO ANS Q.NO ANS Q.NO ANS

1 C 21 B 41 A
2 B 22 C 42 C
3 B 23 B 43 D
4 A 24 B 44 D
5 B 25 C 45 A
6 D 26 B 46 D
7 D 27 D
8 B 28 B
9 B 29 A
10 B 30 A
11 D 31 C
12 A 32 B
13 A 33 D
14 D 34 C
15 A&C 35 A
16 B 36 D
17 C 37 C
18 C 38 A
19 D 39 C
20 C 40 A
10
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SOUTHERN INSPECTION SERVICES

1. Dilational waves can be transmitted in

2. Particle motion of Symmetrical plate(guide) waves is

3. Surface waves rapidly attenuated _________ beneath the surface of an

4. Interface patterns in ultrasonic beam are easily defined. The Statement

5. Ultrasonic waves are reflected at interfaces where __________

6. A vibration can be said to have which of the following property

7. Ultrasonic sound moves through solids as well as

8. Wave velocity is dependent on

9. For the purpose of this exercise consider the smallest discontinuity

11. Assuming a constant frequency wavelength will be longer in

12. Which of the following is relatively more elastic?

13. Shear or transverse waves are described as having

14. Ultrasonic waves transmitted in fluids such as water are usually

18. The angle of reflection of a beam at Aluminum/water interface is:

20. The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of water appears

29. A transducer with an acrylic/plastic wedge coupled to a steel specimen

31. In a water immersion test, ultrasonic energy is transmitted into steel at

36. If the angle of incidence during the performance of an immersion test

37. At an incident angle of 10º, longitudinal energy is transmitted from tap

Where: V (tap water) = 1.5 x 103 meters/sec.

38. Referring to the above figure, determine the refracted angle of

42. The formula Sin θ1 = Sin θ2 is used to determine

44. Mode conversion in a ultrasonic beam

46. When an incident ultrasonic wave impinges upon an interface of two

Q.NO ANS Q.NO ANS Q.NO ANS

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