ENGLISH REVIEWER

Q2L1: Making Connections Between Text in Real-Life Situations

Social Issues:
- Problems or concerns that are connected to a larger issue; affect society.
- Example: Child abuse = Cinderella (reflects deeper issue even if it is fictional)
❖ We always make connections all the time.
❖ Making a connection is relating something/someone to another something/someone.
Making Connections in Different Ways:

• Text-to-Self:
- Easiest way
- Relating texts to a personal experience
- The more experience the more connection
- (eg. “This story reminds me of a vacation we took to my grandfather’s farm.”)
• Text-to-Text:
- Compare and contrast between texts
- Share the same author, have similar characters, events or settings, are the same genre,
or are on the same topic
- (eg. “This character has the same problem that I read about in a story last year.”)
• Text-to-World:
- Social issues are related
- Past events or present
- Real events or what is happening in the present
- (eg. “I saw a program on television that talked about things described in this article.”)

Q2L2: A Psalm of Life

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:
- He was called the “Fireside Poet”
- He was popular during the 19th century as a novelist and poet
- He was born on February 22, 1807 in Portland, Maine
- He died on March 24, 1882 in Cambridge, Massachusetts
- He was excellent in specializing in foreign languages
- In 1825, he was offered to teach foreign languages at Harvard University under one
condition: he needed to travel to Europe, at his own expense, to research the languages
- He married Mary Storer Potter who died in a miscarriage in 1836
- Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea
Words:
- Bivouac: a temporary camp
- Mournful: inducing sadness
- Solemn: formal and dignified
- Slumber: sleep
- Muffled: not loud or muted
- Fleeting: lasting for a very short time/passing swiftly
- Earnest: sincere and intense conviction
- Forlorn: abandoned or lonely
- Strife: angry or bitter disagreement
- Sublime: excellent or grandeur

Q2L3: The Seven Ages of Man

William Shakespeare:
- Born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England
- Baptized on April 26, 1564 (birthdate is unknown)
- He died on April 23, 1616 (age 52)
- Eldest son of John and Mary Shakespeare
- He married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18, Hathaway was 26 years old
- They had a daughter named Susanna in 1583 and had twins named Hamnet (boy) and
Judith (girl). Sadly, Hamnet died when he was 11 years old
- He moved to London to be an Actor and a Playwright
- He invented over 300 words (eg. Addiction, Assassination, Eyeball, etc.)
- He wrote many tragedies, histories, and comedies, he often wrote about jealousy,
anger, love, romance, religion, and war
- His birthday celebration takes place each year around 23rd April
- As You Like It:
• A comedy written in 1599 or early 1600
• Published in the book “First Folio”, 1623
• “All the world’s stage” (famous line), “Too much of a good thing”
 - The Seven Ages of Man:
• Act ll, Scene 7 of the play “As You Like It”
• A monologue delivered by Jacques, a very melancholic and unhappy character
• About the person’s lifespan
1. Infant
2. Schoolboy
3. Lover
4. Soldier
5. Justice
6. Pantaloon
7. Second childishness
Words:
- Playwright: a person who writes plays
- Play: stories that can be acted out on stage
- Tragedy: sad/tragic
- Comedy: funny/makes people laugh
- History: historical events
- Mewling: crying or whimpering
- Woeful Ballad: sad or sentimental song
- Pards: leopard or panther
- Bubble Reputation: empty
- Capons: chicken
- Saws: old sayings or commonly repeated phrase
- Pantaloon: foolish old man
- Youthful Hose: tight fitted wooly trousers
- Treble: tones of high frequency
- Oblivion: complete forgetfulness

Q2L4: A Mother-to-Son
Langston Hughes:
- 1902-1967
- He is an American-African poet
- Born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri
- He published his first poem in 1921
- He published his first book in 1926: The Weary Blues
- He died on May 22, 1967, at the age of 65
- He wrote: 16 books, 12 novels and short stories, and 8 children’s books
 - He is one of the pioneers of the Harlem Renaissance (it drew attention to and redefined
the unique African-American culture of art, music, and dance)
- Some of his writings were:
1. The Weary Blues (1926)
2. The Negro Artist and The Radical Mountain (1926)
3. Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927)
4. Not Without Laughter (1930)
Brief History of African-Americans:
- Most African Americans are the descendants of Africans who were forcibly brought to
and held captive in the USA from 1555-1865
- Called Colored or Negro
- African-American or Black is acceptable
- Nigger: used in the southern part of the USA
- Slavery:
• Brought by white masters and worked on large cotton and tobacco farms
• Their living conditions were also very bad
• Most woman slaves cooked, cleaned, and raised the children of their white
masters
• Men were trained to be masons carpenters and farm laborers

Mother to Son:
- Was first published in Crisis Magazine in December 1922
- Reappeared in The Weary Blues I 1926
- About a mother warning her son about life’s obstacles
- About a mother advising her son that he will face many adversities in life
- Perseverance is the central idea of the poem
Words:
- Crystal: a single grain or a mass of a crystalline substance
- Stair: series of steps in going from one level to another
- Tacks: a short, sharp, pointed nail usually with a flat board
- Splinters: a small, thin, sharp of wood, broken from the main body
- Torn: to separate into pieces by violently pulling
- Carpet: a heavy fabric for covering floors
- Climbing: to rise slowly by or as by continued effort
Q2L5: The Man with the Hoe
Edwin Markham:
- Charles Edward Anson Markham
- Born on April 23, 1852 in Oregon City, Oregon
- Died on March 7, 1940 in Staten Island, NY (age 87)
- When he was 43, he used “Edwin” as his penname
The Man with the Hoe:
- “A poem of hope, A cry for justice”
Words:
- Social Injustice: the denial or violation of rights of specific populations or groups in
society, based on the perception of their inferiority by those with more influence
- Hoe: a thin flat blade on a long handle used especially for cultivating, wedding, and
loosening the plants
- Stolid: unemotional/impassive
- Plato” one of the greatest philosophers in ancient Greece
- Pleiades: one of the open clusters of young stars in the constellation Taurus
- Immecable: incurable

Q2L6: The Lottery

Shirley Jackson:
- One of the brilliant and influential authors of the 20th century
- Her stories and novels of the supernatural, including the well-known short story “The
Lottery” and the best-selling novel “The Haunting of Hill House”
- Born on December 14, 1916 in San Francisco
- She died on August 8, 1965 (age 48) he died of heart failure during her usual afternoon
nap
- In 1936, she spent her childhood in California spending her time producing a minimum
of a thousand words a day
- Studies/Achievements:
• Published her first story entitled “Janice”
• She met her future husband Stanley Edgar Hyman, a young aspiring literacy critic
• Spectre was founded by Jackson and her husband
• She became a teacher at Bennington College
 - Works:
• Janice: Jackson’s first story
• Come Dance with Me in Ireland: chosen as Best American Short Stories
• The Road Through the Wall: Jackson’s first novel published in 1948
• The Lottery: 1948; largest volume of mail ever perceived; most well-known story
of the 20th century
• The Adventures of James Harris: a collection of short stories
Words:
- Profusely: generous in giving
- Assembled: clustered
- Boisterous: very noisy
- Reluctantly: unwillingly
- Conducted: did or ran something
- Jovial: full of happiness and joy
- Paraphernalia: assorted objects; things characteristics of something
- Chant: to say a phrase or word many times in a rhythmic way
- Ritual: always done in a particular situation
- Petulantly: ill; tempered or sulky in manner
- Stoutly: having a large body that is wide with fat or muscles
The Lottery:
- June 27th, summer, 10 a.m., village’s square, 300 people
- Bobby Martin had stuffed his pockets full of stones
- Mr. Summers, a round-faced, jovial man
- Mr. Graves and Mr. Summers are the postmaster
- The Block Box is where the villagers draw pieces of paper
- Old Man Warner is the oldest man in town (77)
- Mrs. Tessie Hutchinson arrives late in the square
- Mr. Bill Hutchinson is the head of the family
- Bill Jr., Nancy and Little Dave are the children of Tessie and Bill