CBSE Test Paper 05

Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids

1. If a film of width L is stretched in the longitudinal direction a distance d by force F,

surface tension is given by 1
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. In old age, arteries carrying blood in the human body, become narrow resulting in an
increase in the blood pressure. This follows from 1
a. Pascal’s law
b. Stoke’s law
c. Archimedes principle
d. Bernoulli's principle
3. If a pipe carrying incompressible liquid has an area and velocity at one point
and at another point, the equation of continuity gives the relation 1
a.
b.
c.
d.
4. A boy is carrying a bucket of water in one hand with a 0.05 kg cork piece in it. After
sometime he takes out the cork piece and holds it in the other hand. The boy will
carry 1
a. Same load as before
b. Less load than before
c. More load than before
d. Either less or more load depending on the density of plastic
5. When the adhesive force in the case of liquid and glass is greater than the cohesive
forces between the liquid molecules, the shape of the meniscus of liquid in a capillary
tube is? 1
a. Plane

1/8
 b. Circular
c. Convex
d. Concave

6. The dams of the water reservoir are made thick near the bottom. Why? 1

7. What is the value of bulk modulus for an incompressible liquid? 1

8. Define surface tension? 1

9. Briefly, explain, what do you mean by pressure exerted by a fluid. 2

10. Why is a soap solution a better cleansing agent than ordinary water? 2

11. The velocity of water in a river is 18 kmh-1 near the surface. If the river is 5 m deep,
find the shearing stress between horizontal layers of water. The coefficient of

viscosity of water 10-2 poise. 2

12. Explain why? 3

i. The blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than the brain.
ii. Atmospheric pressure at a height of about 6 km decreases to nearly half its value
at the sea level through the height of the atmosphere is more than 100 km.
iii. Hydrostatic pressure is a scalar quantity even though the pressure is force divided
by area.

13. A horizontal pipe of diameter 20 cm has a constriction of diameter 4 cm. The velocity

of water in the pipe is 2m/s and pressure is 10 N/m2. Calculate the velocity and
pressure at the constriction? 3

14. A vertical off-shore structure is built to withstand a maximum stress of 109 Pa. Is the
structure suitable for putting up on top of an oil well in the ocean? Take the depth of
the ocean to be roughly 3 km, and ignore ocean currents. 3

15. What is meant by the term coefficient of viscosity. State Stoke's law. Define terminal
velocity and find an expression for the terminal velocity in case of a small sphere
falling through a viscous liquid such as glycerine. 5

2/8
 CBSE Test Paper 05
Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Answer

1. b.
Explanation: Let L be the width of the film. Since the film has two surfaces, the
total length along which the surface force acts on the slider is 2L. The surface
tension S in the film is defined as the ratio of the surface force F to the length d
(perpendicular to the force) along which the force acts

Hence, in the case, d = 2L

2. d. Bernoulli's principle
Explanation: According to bernoulli principle for fluids: in ideal state pressure
and density are inversely related or in other words a slow moving fluid exerts
more pressure than a fast moving fluid. Due to narrowness and other
obstruction the velocity of the flow of blood gets decreased in old age. This
results in increased pressure inside the blood vessel.

3. b.
Explanation: When a fluid is in motion, it must move in such a way that mass
is conserved. Consider the steady flow of fluid through a duct (that is, the inlet
and outlet flows do not vary with time). The inflow and outflow are one-
dimensional, so that the velocity V and density are constant over the area A.

Now we apply the principle of mass conservation. Since there is no flow

through the side walls of the duct, what mass comes in over goes out of ,
(the flow is steady so that there is no mass accumulation). Over a short time
interval
Volume flow in over A1 = A1V1 t

3/8
 Volume flow out over A2 = A2V2 t

Therefore
mass in over A = A1V1 t

mass out over A = A2V2 t

So: A1V1 = A2V2 t

As volume is same so this equation can be written as

This is a statement of the principle of mass conservation for a steady, one-

dimensional flow, with one inlet and one outlet. This equation is called the
continuity equation for steady one-dimensional flow.

4. a. Same load as before

Explanation: as there is no change in total weight only the place of the cork
piece has change.

5. d. Concave
Explanation: Formation of meniscus depends on cohesive and adhesive forces
in a liquid. For water, adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces,
therefore, water in a container stick to the wall of container and owing to the
capillary action rises a little bit and form concave meniscus.

When liquid water is confined in a tube, its surface (meniscus) has a concave
shape because water wets the surface and creeps up the side.

6. The pressure "P" exerted by liquid column at a depth "h" below the top surface of that
liquid . Where is density of fluid. So as depth 'h' increases, P will also
increase. So to withstand high-pressure dams are made thick near the bottom.

7. = Infinity

8. It is measured as the force acting on a unit length of a line imagined to be drawn

4/8
 tangentially anywhere on the free surface of the liquid at rest.

9. Fluids have weight and they exert pressure on the base and walls of the container in
which they are enclosed. Pressure at any point in a fluid is the fluid thrust per unit
area around that point.
Average Pressure =
Pressure at a particular point is defined as P =
SI unit = or a pascal(1 Pa).
If we have a fluid column of height h and density p then fluid pressure at that point

10. Since a cloth has narrow spaces in the form of fine capillaries, Capillary rise is given
by: →

h = height of capillary
T = Surface Tension
Θ = Angle of contact
r = Radius
= Density
g = Acceleration due to gravity.
Now, addition of soap to water reduces the angle of contact θ, this will increase Cosθ
and hence the value of h. that is, the soap water will rise more in narrow spaces in the
cloth and clean fabrics better than water alone.

11. As the velocity of water at the bottom of the river is zero,

Also, , = 10-2 poise

Force of viscosity, F = .A.
We know that, shearing stress =

= =

12. i. The blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than the brain because the
pressure of liquid column is given by p = h g, where h is depth, is density and g
is acceleration due to gravity.

5/8
 The pressure of the liquid column increases with depth. The height of blood
column in human body is more at feet than at the brain.
ii. The atmospheric pressure at a height of about 6 km decreases to nearly half of its
value at the sea level because the density of air is maximum near the surface of
the earth and decreases rapidly with height. At a height of 6 km, the density of air
decreases to nearly half of its value at the sea level. Beyond 6 km height, the
density of air decreases very slowly with height.
iii. Hydrostatic pressure is a scalar quantity because when force is applied on a liquid,
the pressure is transmitted equally in all directions inside the liquid. Therefore, it
has no fixed direction.

13. according to equation of continuity

a 1v 1 = a 2v 2

(1)
Now, v1 = velocity at1 = 2m/s

v2 = velocity at 2 = ? a2, a1 = Cross – Sectional Area at 2 & 1.

; r2 = 2cm

r1 = 10cm

= 10-1m = 0.1m
Now, from equation 1)

v2 = 50m/s

Acc. to Bernoulli’s theorem, for the horizontal pipeline, we have,

P2, P1 = Pressure at 1 & 2

s = Density

6/8
 P1 = 107N/m2

v2 = 50m/s

v1 = 2m/s

s = 103 kg/m3
So,

14. The maximum allowable stress for the structure,

Depth of the ocean, d = 3 km
Density of water,
Acceleration due to gravity,
The pressure exerted because of the sea water at depth,

The maximum allowable stress for the structure (109 Pa) is greater than the pressure
of the sea water ( ). The pressure exerted by the ocean is less than the
pressure that the structure can withstand. Hence, the structure is suitable for putting
up on top of an oil well in the ocean.

15. The coefficient of viscosity of a fluid may be defined as a viscous force acting
tangentially per unit surface area of a fluid layer having unit velocity gradient in a
direction perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow.

= ,

where = strain rate = time rate of change of strain.

STOKES' LAW
According to stokes' law for steady flow law, the backward dragging force acting on a
small spherical body of radius r moving with a velocity v through a viscous medium
of the coefficient of viscosity is given by

When a spherical body of small size falls freely through a viscous fluid, the relative

7/8
motion produce a viscous drag which opposes the motion of the freely falling body. In
accordance with Stokes' formula for viscous force (F = 6 ), the magnitude of
viscous force increases with an increase in the speed of the falling body.Consequently,
the body starts falling with a constant velocity without any acceleration. this constant
velocity with which a body falls through a viscous fluid is called the terminal velocity
of that body.
Consider a small sized spherical body of radius r moving downward through a viscous
fluid of viscosity . Let densities of solid and the fluid be and respectively. The
forces acting on the body are:

i. Weight of the body acting downward

ii. Upthrust due to displaced fluid acting vertically upward

iii. Viscous force due to Stokes' law acting upward

In equilibrium when there is no acceleration and body falls with a constant

velocity vT, the terminal velocity,

or
=
Terminal velocity vT =

8/8