GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

BHARUCH
affiliated with GTU
A
Project Report on

“ROAD TRANSPORTATION”
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING - II A (3150001)
B. E, Semester – 5

(CIVIL Branch)
Submitted by: -
SR. Name Enrollment No.
1. ADNAN SINDHI 210140106024
2. JAY TANK 210140106022
3. YAHYAKHAN NAGORI 210140106007
4. JENISH BALDANIYA 210140106016

PROF.S.R. SIDPURIYA
(Faculty Guide)
PROF. NIMIT
PALSANAWALA

Head of the Department

Academic Year
(2023-2024)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It would be our honor to present a report on "ROAD TRANSPORTATION”. We have
divided the topic into varioussub-topics so that the concept can be easy to understand. The topics
are arranged inproper sequence to get the idea of the concept clearly.

We are thankful and would like to express our gratitude to our faculty guide Prof. S.R.
SIDPURIYA. who helped us to accomplish this wonderful " ROAD TRANSPORTATION”,
who helped us in doing a lot of Research work and also for her incredible support and
encouragement that he has extended. We are also thankful to our parents, friends and other staff
members fortheir significant assistance and guidance.

Secondly, we would like to thank our Head of Department PROF. NIMIT PALSANAWALA
who provides us this golden opportunity to present ourselves through this project.

Last but not least, thanks to Government Engineering College, Bharuch forproviding us
platform to present the project.

ADNAN SINDHI - (210140106024)

JAY TANK - (210140106022)

YAHYAKHAN NAGORI - (210140106007)

JENISH BALDANIYA - (210140106016)

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Design Engineering –II A entitled “ROAD TRANSPORTATION"
submitted by ADNAN SINDHI (210140106024), JAY TANK (210140106022),
YAHYAKHAN NAGORI (210140106007), JENISH BALDANIYA (210140106016) of Civil
Engineering during the academic year 2023-24 (B. E. – 3rd Year, 5thSemester), of the
Government Engineering College, Bharuch.

Date:
Place: GEC Bharuch

PROF. S.R. SIDPURIYA PROF. NIMIT PALSANAWALA

Civil Department Head of the Department
G.E.C., Bharuch G.E.C., Bharuch
 ABSTRACT

Title: Road Transportation

Transportation is an important aspect in the daily life of human activities. It is thus important for
transportation systems to be planned expertly to maintain safety and efficiency. Parking systems
play an important role in planning an efficient urban transportation system. This is because every
vehicle comes at a halt at some point, often in a parking zone. To create an efficient system,
parking assessments are thus done to determine the adequacy of parking supply mainly in urban
centers and recommend the right remedies. Kikuyu Town is one of the towns in Kenya growing
at a high rate both economically and demographically. It is an educational, industrial, business
and recreational hub. Being such a major town, a parking assessment study was done to
determine the adequacy of parking supply in the town. The research work involved the study of
elements of parking including a general parking evaluation background, types of parking
facilities, parking policies and past parking study works. Various concepts of parking were
researched on to understand the concept of parking supply and demand. Theories on parking
standards and general parking problems from different perspectives were also analyzed and their
possible solutions. The review also involved research on parking policies and parking
management benefits. The assessment involved carrying out a field study on week days, that is,
Tuesday, Thursday and Friday at six different locations within the town. The research
methodology included carrying out a parking inventory study to know the existing conditions of
the parking bays, carrying out a parking in and out survey method and license plate survey
technique to know the parking characteristics. In addition, a parking questionnaire survey was
administered to determine the vehicle parkers’ characteristics. The most onerous factors used
within the scope of the project objective which is to determine the adequacy of parking supply
in Kikuyu Town included analyzing the maximum parking occupancy rate, the number of hours
the parking occupancy rate exceeded 90% and the average parking occupancy rate. The results
of the study showed that the maximum parking occupancy for all surveyed locations was
over100%. Generally, traffic engineers consider a parking occupancy rate of 90% as ‘full’. The
number of hours the parking occupancy rate exceeded 90% ranged between five to eight hours
in all the surveyed location over the duration of the study. In addition, the average parking
occupancy rate was over 75% in all surveyed parking locations over the duration of the study.
 Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................... 2
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.FUNCTION OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ........................................................................................................... 7
3.ADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION .................................................................................................... 8
4.DISADVANTAGE OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION .............................................................................................. 10
5.CHALLENGES .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.EMERGING TRENDS ............................................................................................................................................... 13
7.SOLUTIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
8.AEIOU MAPPING ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
9.EMPATHY CANVAS ................................................................................................................................................ 17
10.IDEATION CANVAS .............................................................................................................................................. 19
11.PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS ................................................................................................................ 21
12.MIND MAPPING / FRAME WORK ....................................................................................................................... 23
13.LEARNING NEEDS MATRIX ............................................................................................................................... 24
14.FUTURE SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
15.CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
16.REFRENCE .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
 1. INTRODUCTION

Road transport or road transportation is a type of transport using roads. Transport on roads
can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many
countries licensing requirements and safety regulations ensure a separation of the two
industries. Movement along roads may be by bike, automobile, bus, truck, or by animal such
as horse or oxen. Standard networks of roads were adopted by Romans, Persians, Aztec, and
other early empires, and may be regarded as a feature of empires.

The first methods of road transport were horses, oxen or even humans carrying goods over
dirt tracks that often-followed game trail. The Persians later built a network of Royal Roads
across their empire.

FIG: 1
 2.FUNCTION OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION

1. Road Transport contributes in growth of industries whose product requires quick

marketing. Perishable products, such as fish and green vegetables are carried to various
consumers quickly even in distant markets through transport.

2. Transport helps in increase in the demand for goods. Through transport newer customers
in newer places can be easily contacted and products can be introduced to them. Today
markets have become national or international only because of transport.

3. Transport ensures evenly distribution of commodities into the hands of the consumers
throughout the period of consumption.

4. Transport increases competition, which in turn, reduces pries. Prices are also reduced
because of the facilities offered by transport for large-scale production. Advantage of
large-scale production is possible only due to transport networks.

5. Transport increases mobility of labor and capital. It makes people of one place migrate to
other places in search of jobs. Even capital, machineries and equipment’s are imported
from foreign countries through transport alone.

6. The scope of total income is extended by the development of the means of transport. As
commodities can be quickly transported from one place to another, local producers cannot
charge prices at their own will. This discourages monopoly and encourages competition.

7. Transport has helped in the development of agriculture also. The business of agricultural
products has grown to such a large extent only due to the efficient means of transport. It
would not have been possible to use modern techniques of agriculture, improved quality
of seeds and fertilizers, etc., but for good transport facilities.
 3.ADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION

1. Flexibility and Accessibility:

Roads provide access to a wide range of locations, including remote areas where other modes
of transportation may be impractical. This flexibility makes road transport suitable for both
urban and rural areas.

2. Door-to-Door Service:

Road transportation allows for door-to-door delivery, enabling efficient movement of goods
directly from the point of origin to the final destination without the need for transshipment.

3. Cost-Effectiveness:

In many cases, road transportation can be cost-effective for short to medium distances. The
construction and maintenance costs of roads are generally lower than those of other
transportation infrastructure.

4. Speed and Timeliness:

Road transport is often faster for short to medium distances, providing timely delivery of
goods and reducing transit times compared to other modes of transport, especially in regions
with well-developed road networks.

5. Reliability:

Road transport is less susceptible to external factors such as weather conditions or specific
infrastructure constraints, making it a reliable mode of transportation for various goods and
passengers.
6. Convenience:

Road transportation offers greater convenience for both passengers and cargo, allowing for
flexible scheduling and direct routes to specific destinations.

7. Connectivity:

Roads provide connectivity between different modes of transportation, facilitating the

seamless movement of goods and people across various regions and transportation networks.

8. Infrastructure Development:

The construction and maintenance of roads contribute to overall infrastructure development,

fostering economic growth, and enhancing connectivity within and between regions.

9. Job Creation:

The road transportation sector generates employment opportunities across various levels,
including drivers, maintenance personnel, and administrative staff, contributing to local
economies.

10. Adaptability to Various Cargo Types:

Road transport is adaptable to various types of cargo, from perishable goods to oversized
items, making it suitable for a wide range of industries and commodities.
 4.DISADVANTAGE OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION

1. Traffic Congestion:

One of the most significant drawbacks of road transportation is traffic congestion,

especially in urban areas. Congestion leads to delays, increased fuel consumption, and
productivity losses.

2. Environmental Impact:

Road transport contributes to environmental pollution through emissions of greenhouse

gases, air pollutants, and noise. The reliance on fossil fuels in conventional vehicles adds
to air quality issues and climate change concerns.

3. Infrastructure Maintenance:

Roads require regular maintenance, and the costs associated with repair and upkeep can
be substantial. Potholes, uneven surfaces, and inadequate road conditions can lead to
accidents and increased wear and tear on vehicles.

4. Safety Concerns:

Road accidents pose a significant disadvantage of road transportation. Factors such as

human error, inadequate road design, and poor enforcement of traffic rules contribute to
a high number of accidents, injuries, and fatalities.

5. Limited Capacity:

Roads have a limited capacity, and as urban populations grow, there is often a mismatch
between the demand for transportation and the available road infrastructure. This can lead
to inefficiencies and congestion.
6. Dependence on Weather Conditions:

Adverse weather conditions, such as heavy rain, snow, or storms, can impact road
transportation. Inclement weather can result in road closures, reduced visibility, and
hazardous driving conditions.

7. Land Use and Urban Sprawl:

The expansion of road networks can contribute to urban sprawl, consuming valuable land
and affecting the natural environment. Increased road construction may lead to habitat
destruction and loss of green spaces.

8. Energy Consumption:

Traditional vehicles reliant on fossil fuels contribute to high energy consumption. Although
electric vehicles offer a more sustainable option, their widespread adoption is still in
progress, and the charging infrastructure is developing.
 5.CHALLENGES
1. Traffic Congestion:

Urban areas face increasing traffic congestion, leading to longer commute times, increased
fuel consumption, and environmental pollution.

Lack of efficient traffic management systems contributes to congestion.

2. Infrastructure Deterioration:

Aging infrastructure and inadequate maintenance lead to potholes, uneven roads, and
increased accidents.

Insufficient investment in road maintenance hinders the overall efficiency of the

transportation system.

3. Safety Concerns:

Road accidents and fatalities remain a significant concern, often attributed to human error,
inadequate road design, and insufficient safety measures.

Promoting road safety initiatives is crucial for reducing accidents.

4. Environmental Impact:

Greenhouse gas emissions from road transportation contribute to climate change.

Encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices and alternative fuels is essential for
minimizing environmental impact.
 6.EMERGING TRENDS

1. Smart Transportation:

Integration of technology for real-time traffic monitoring, smart traffic signals, and
intelligent transportation systems to alleviate congestion.

2. Electric and Autonomous Vehicles:

The rise of electric and autonomous vehicles promises to reduce emissions and enhance
safety.
Governments and industries are investing in the development and deployment of these
technologies.

3. Sustainable Practices:

Encouraging the use of public transportation, cycling, and walking to reduce individual
reliance on private vehicles.

Promoting green infrastructure and eco-friendly urban planning.

4. Digital Platforms:

The emergence of digital platforms for ride-sharing, route optimization, and real-time
navigation improves overall transportation efficiency.
 7.SOLUTIONS

1. Infrastructure Investment:

Governments and private sectors should invest in upgrading and maintaining road
infrastructure to ensure safety and efficiency.

2. Regulatory Framework:

Implementing and enforcing robust regulations for road safety, emission standards, and the
adoption of sustainable practices.

3. Public Awareness Campaigns:

Raising awareness about road safety, environmental impact, and the benefits of alternative
transportation modes.

4. Technology Integration:

Continued investment in smart technologies, such as IoT devices, to enhance traffic

management and reduce congestion.
 8.AEIOU MAPPING

Understanding the problem of industry is one of the biggest challenges for engineering student
as till now as they made project on imaginary ideas. So, the day 1 session was based on
understanding the domains of the problem in broader sense which emphasized on interacting
with the people of domain area which included more of casual talk rather than technical
session. It focused on making people comfortable in discussing their problem with students.
And this activity was named as Story boarding canvassing. Here we would like to explain the
aspects of this canvas with the help of the example taken up by our team members. With the
help of AEIOU chart we can relate our designed product with activity environment.
interaction. Objects and users.

FIG:2
ACTIVITIES:
1. Station.
2. Locomotive.
3. Freight faci.

ENVIRONMENT:
1. Rainy
2. Dusty
3. Cyclone

INTERACTIONS:
1. Engineer
2. Students
3. Workers.
4. Contractors.

OBJECTS:
1. Goods.
2. Luggage.
3. Vehicles.

USERS:
1. Drivers.
2. Pedestrians.
3. Global Companies.
4. Industries.
 9.EMPATHY CANVAS

Empathy maps are being used to give the researcher/observer/Developer a stimulating

experience of the applicant (User), so they can understand, build, improve or update
their application.

FIG:3
USER:

1. Industries

STAKEHOLDERS:

1. Companies

ACTIVITIES:

1. Transport

2. locomotive

3. Passenger Container

STORY BOARDING:

HAPPY:
1. Road transportation is the most preferred mode of transportation.
2. Import and export of goods is easier around the country.

SAD:
1. Chances of accidents are very high.
2. Costly fuels and road construction.
 10.IDEATION CANVAS

Ideation canvas is needed when we’ve reached the point where we got an eye on
issue/problem/difficulty in performing tasks by our subject (say, user). This canvas
performs as the front implement our idea in everyday real life. For that, we
need to consider…

FIG:4

PEOPLE:
1. Industries.
2. Pedestrians.
3. Drivers.

ACTIVITIES:
1. Shipping.
2. Transportation.
3. Freight facilities.
SITUATIONS/CONTEXT/LOCATION:
1. Traffic.
2. Construction.
3. Noise.

PROPS/TOOLS/OBJECTS/EQUIPMENT:
1. Traffic signals.
2. Sign boards.
3. Railway crossing.
 11.PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

It’s the closer of the phase-two, where our objectives are clear and ready to approach. what
features we need, how to function them properly in order to fulfill the requirements, surveying
on our domain of buyers to reject/redesign/retain components of our product.

FIG:5
PURPOSE:
1. To make transportation easy.
2. Fast.
3. Less pollution.

PEOPLE:
1. workers.
2.industries.
3.Global investor.

PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:
1. Easily reachable.
2. Less time consumption.
PRODUCT FUNCTIONS:
1. Steam.
2. Electric.

PRODUCT FEATURES:
1. No traffic.
2. Goods transportation

COMPONENTS:
1. Steam.
2. Motor.
3. Diesel.

CUSTOMER REVALIDATION:
1. Beneficial.
2. No exploitation.
3. Customer satisfaction.

REJECT:
Can be manufactured.

REDESIGN:
Redesign can be done.

RETAIN:
Can be retained.
 12.MIND MAPPING / FRAME WORK

Mind mapping is more accurate way of deciding, implementing, upgrading, structuring. It

takes out most of your brain in order to Connect one entity with another with some particular
relations. By one’s aspects of reasoning, a logical and creative way of thinking this
methodology gives a better view of Ideas; in other words, it means mapping the ideas to
terminate problems and define proper relations between different entities, by giving them
identifying keywords.

FIG:6
 13.LEARNING NEEDS MATRIX

A Learning Needs Matrix (LNM) for "ROAD TRANSPORTATION” can help identify the
knowledge and skills required to understand, design, develop, and operation of project
"ROAD TRANSPORTATION”.

FIG: 7
 14.FUTURE SCOPE

Global demand for transport is growing fast. Given present trends, passenger and freight
activity will more than double by 2050. Such growth is a token of social and economic
progress, but it carries with it greater energy demand and increased CO2 emissions and
atmospheric pollutants. A greater reliance on rail has the potential to cut that growth. In a
world becoming ever more urbanized, rail travel is well matched to urban needs. High-speed
rail can serve as an alternative to short-distance air travel, and conventional and freight rail
can complement other transport modes to provide efficient mobility. This report discusses
what can be done and how on a global scale, with a special focus on the needs and
opportunities in India.

The transport sector is responsible for more than half of global oil demand and around one-
quarter of global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. Therefore, changes in transportation
are fundamental to achieving energy transitions globally. Yet while rail is among the most
energy efficient modes of transport for freight and passengers, it is often neglected in
public debate.

The Future of Rail examines how the role of rail in global transport might be elevated as a
means to reduce the energy use and environmental impacts associated with transport.

Rail is among the most energy efficient modes of transport for freight and passengers - while
the rail sector carries 8% of the world’s passengers and 7% of global freight transport, it
represents only 2% of total transport energy demand.
 15.CONCLUSION
Road transportation plays a vital role in our daily lives, but it faces numerous challenges that
require careful consideration and strategic solutions. By addressing issues like traffic
congestion, infrastructure deterioration, safety concerns, and environmental impact, we can
create a more efficient, sustainable, and safe road transportation system for the future.
 16.REFRENCE

o https://morth.nic.in/road-transport

o https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_transport

o Transportation Engineering Dr. R. P. Rathaliya.

o Highway engineering S. k. Khana and C. E. Justo.