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Grade-7-2014 Solutions
Grade-7-2014 Solutions
Solution
From the third term onwards, the next term is obtained by adding the previous two
terms.
the next term is 4 + 7 = 11.
Note: These are called Lucas numbers, which is a particular Lucas sequence.
2. Find the product of the highest common factor and the lowest common multiple of 8
and 12.
Solution
Method 1
For any two natural numbers a and b, HCF(a, b) LCM(a, b) = ab. [It does not work
for 3 or more numbers.]
HCF(8, 12) LCM(8, 12) = 8 12 = 96
Method 2
8 = 23
12 = 22 3
HCF(8, 12) = 22 = 4
LCM(8, 12) = 23 3 = 24
HCF(8, 12) LCM(8, 12) = 4 24 = 96
Solution
Since and cannot be negative for any values of x and y, then the only
way for to be equal to 0 is when = 0 and =
0.
x = 7 and y = 8
4. The last day of 2013 was a Tuesday. There are 365 days in 2014. In what day of the
week will 2014 end?
Solution
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5. What is the maximum number of parts that can be obtained from cutting a circular disc
using 3 straight cuts?
Solution
6. A man bought two paintings and then sold them for $300 each. He made a profit of
20% for the first painting, but a loss of 20% for the second painting. Overall, did he
make a profit, a loss or break even? If he did not break even, state the amount of profit
or loss.
Solution
7. Solve = 2.
Solution
=2
=4
x+2=4
x=2
8. Given that xyz = 2014, and x, y and z are positive integers such that x < y < z, how
many possible triples (x, y, z) are there?
Solution
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9. At a workshop, there are 27 participants. Each of them shakes hand once with one
another. How many handshakes are there?
Solution
Method 1
1 + 26 = 27
2 + 25 = 27
3 + 24 = 27 13 pairs
13 + 14 = 27
Method 2
10. A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its proper positive
factors. Proper positive factors of a number are positive factors that are less than the
number. For example, 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 is a perfect number because 1, 2 and 3 are the only
proper positive factors of 6. Find the next perfect number.
Solution
By systematic trial and error from 7 to 28, since 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14, the next
perfect number is 28.
11. The dimensions of a rectangle are x cm by y cm, where x and y are integers, such that
the area and perimeter of the rectangle are numerically equal. Find all the possible
values of x and y.
Solution
Method 1
Area = perimeter
xy 2x y
2x
y
x2
Since x 2 > 0, then x > 2.
When x = 3, y = 6.
When x = 4, y = 4.
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When x = 5, y = is not an integer.
When x = 6, y = 3.
If x > 6, y < 3.
2y
By symmetry, x , i.e. y > 2.
y2
So there are no other solutions.
the dimensions of all the rectangles with integral sides whose area and perimeter are
numerically equal are 3 by 6, 4 by 4, and 6 by 3.
Method 2
Area = perimeter
xy 2x y
2x
y
x2
2x 4 4
x2
2x 2 4
x2
4
2
x2
Since x 2 > 0, then x > 2.
4
For y to be an integer, must also be an integer.
x2
This means that 4 x – 2, i.e. x 6.
So the only possible solutions are when x = 3, 4, 5 and 6.
When x = 3, y = 6.
When x = 4, y = 4.
When x = 5, y = is not an integer.
When x = 6, y = 3.
the dimensions of all the rectangles with integral sides whose area and perimeter are
numerically equal are 3 by 6, 4 by 4, and 6 by 3.
12. If a and b are positive integers such that a < b and ab = ba, find a possible value for a
and for b.
Solution
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1
13. Find the value of .
1
1 2
1 2 1
1
Solution
1 1
Let = x. Then = x, i.e. 2x2 + x 1 = 0.
1 1 2x
1 2
1 2 1
1
(2x 1) (x + 1) = 0, i.e. x = or 1 (rejected because x > 0)
1
= .
1
1 2
1 2 1
1
Solution
Since the last digit of a product ab depends only on the last digit of a and of b, then
4=4
4 4 = 16
6 4 = 24
the last digit repeats with a period of 2.
Since the index 2014 is even, then the last digit of 20142014 is 6.
15. The diagram shows 9 points. Draw 4 consecutive line segments (i.e. the start point of
the next segment must coincide with the endpoint of the previous segment) to pass
through all the 9 points.
Solution
If you try to draw the line segments within the region bounded by the dots, you will
realise that you need at least 5 consecutive line segments.
you must draw some of the line segments outside the region as shown:
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16. What are the last 5 digits of the sum 1 + 11 + 111 + … + 111…111?
2014 digits
Solution
17. What is the least number of cuts required to cut 10 identical sausages so that they can
be shared equally among 18 people?
Solution
Method 1
There are 10 times sausages left. But each person must get of a sausage.
This means that 2 of the sausages must be cut into 4 equal parts each (i.e. 3 cuts
each) so that the remaining 8 people will get one sausage and one sausage each.
least no. of cuts = 10 + 3 2 = 16
Method 2
Least number of cuts required to cut one sausage so that it can be shared equally
among n’ people = n’ 1
If m’ and n’ are relatively prime, it can be proven by putting the m’ identical sausages
end to end in one row that the least number of cuts required to cut them so that they
can be shared equally among n’ people is still n’ 1, i.e. the cuts will not coincide
with the gaps between the sausages.
If m and n are not relatively prime, some cuts will coincide with the gaps between the
sausages, and this occurs at the end of every set of m’ identical sausages, where m =
m’ HCF(m, n) and n = n’ HCF(m, n), i.e. where m’ and n’ are relatively prime.
Thus the least number of cuts required to cut m identical sausages so that they can
be shared equally among n people is (n’ 1) HCF(m, n) = n HCF(m, n).
In general, this formula is true for any positive integers m and n, even if m and n are
relatively prime since HCF(m, n) = 1 in the latter case.
least no. of cuts required to cut 12 identical sausages so that they can be shared
equally among 20 people = 18 HCF(10,18)
= 18 2
= 16
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18. Divide the following shape into 4 identical parts.
Solution
Solution
x5 + 2x3 x2 2 = 0
x3(x2 + 2) (x2 + 2) = 0
(x2 + 2) (x3 1) = 0
Since x2 + 2 > 0, then x3 1 = 0, i.e. x3 = 1.
x = 1.
Note: If participants solve by guess and check correctly, award 0 mark because they
cannot exclude the possibility that there are other solutions.
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20. Find the value of .
Solution
Method 1
1 + 2014 = 2015
2 + 2013 = 2015
3 + 2012 = 2015 There are 1007 pairs of numbers that add up to 2015
=
= 1007.5
Method 2
21. In the following cryptarithm, all the letters stand for different digits. Find the values of
A, B, C and D.
A 8 B C
3 D 9 8
2 0 1 4
Solution
Method 1
In the ones column, C 8 < 4 since C 9, so need to borrow from the tens column.
10 + C 8 = 4 implies that C = 2.
In the tens column, B 1 9 = B 10 < 1 since B 9, so need to borrow from the
hundreds column.
10 + B 10 = 1 implies that B = 1.
In the hundreds column, 8 1 D = 0 implies that D = 7.
In the thousands column, A 3 = 2 implies that A = 5.
Check: 5812 3798 = 2014
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Method 2
Rephrase as addition:
3 D 9 8
+ 2 0 1 4
A 8 B C
22. Find the sum of the terms in the nth pair of brackets:
Solution
The sums of the terms in each pair of brackets form the following sequence: 3, 7, 11,
15, …
Method 1
Method 2
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23. In the diagram, PQ is parallel to RS, PA = PB and RB = RC. Given that BCA = 60,
find BAC.
P A
Q
B
60
R S
C
Solution
Method 1
Method 2
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24. Find the remainder when 22014 is divided by 7.
Solution
Method 1
Method 2
25. The diagram shows a triangle ABC where AB = AC, BC = AD and BAC = 20. Find
ADB.
A
20
B C
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Solution
Draw AE perpendicular to BC. Then AE bisects BAC, i.e. BAE = 10 ----- (1)
Draw the point F on AE such that BCF is an equilateral triangle [diagram not drawn
to scale], i.e. FBC = 60.
Draw the line DF.
20
G
F
B C
E
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