Functioning of DHCP DORA process

medium.com/@The_CodeConductor/functioning-of-dhcp-dora-process-92d0627549c9

The_CodeConductor January 10, 2024

The_CodeConductor

We will understand DHCP server working !

When we have few devices in network then we can easily set thier TCP/IP manually but
what if we have many devices , there we use DHCP server to allocate ip automatically

DHCP(Dynamic host configuuration protocol) — It automatically assign ip address

dynamically to DHCP client

It uses UDP with Destination port/Listen — 68 && Source port /send -67

It work on Application layer as disscssed in .

DHCP server allocates dynamic ip address and in a range that is called scope.

DHCP server provide -Ip address , subnet mask ,Domain name,Default gateway , DNS
server address.

DHCP server only listen at UDP port 67 and client UDP port is 68.

It uses DORA(Discover Offer Request Acknowledgement) process to allocate Ip address

when client requests.

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Now we go one by one to each process.

In this process DHCP server provide

1. Default gateway IP address

2. subnet mask
3. DNS server IP address
4. Lease Time

Discover — In thisclient sends out a broadcast message(with MAC its address) to all the
servers present in that network.

Offer : In this server make an offer for available IP address and broadcast to all including
client .

Request: In this client sends out a request broadcast to accept the IP address offer from the
server.

Acknowledge : In this server sends acknowledgement broadcast, along with the lease time
to the DHCP client.

There can be multiple DHCP server in network in that case which offer is first accepted by
client will provide IP address and for other Rejected message is broadcasted by Client.

As the DHCP server Acknowledge ,then DHCP client will configure IP address and now
device will have IP address with TCP/IP setting .

Now ,device can has internet access…

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