MANUFACTURING PROCESS

DDWG2733

REPORT SMART NATION

PREPARED BY :
NOR OLIVIA LIMU BINI ABDUL JALIL
(AF212WG003KTT)

PREPARED FOR :
MADAM DR AQILAH

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TABLE OF CONTENT

NO CONTENT PAGES
1 INTRODUCTION 4

2 1.0 ULTRASONIC CLEANER 5

2.0 INTRODUCTION OF ULTRASONIC CLEANERS 5
2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT 5
2.2 MATERIALS 5
2.3 PICTURES 6
3.0 THE COMPETITORS PRESENTLY PRESENT LOCALLY 7
4.0 THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCT WITH 7
ENVIRONMENT.
5.0 TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF THE COMPONENT TO 8
BE PRODUCED
6.0 THE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES/MACHINES 8
INVOLVED
7.0 ASSEMBLY METHODS OF THE COMPONENT 9-10
8.0 TYPE OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM TO BE USED 11
9.0 ESTIMATED PRODUCT COST STRUCTURE. 11

3 1.0 INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET SWITCHES 12

2.0 INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET SWITCHES 12
2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT 12
2.2 MATERIALS 12
2.3 PICTURES 12
3.0 THE COMPETITORS PRESENTLY PRESENT LOCALLY 13
4.0 THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCT WITH 13
ENVIRONMENT.
5.0 TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF THE COMPONENT TO 14
BE PRODUCED
6.0 THE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES/MACHINES 15
INVOLVED

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 7.0 ASSEMBLY METHODS OF THE COMPONENT) 16-17
8.0 TYPE OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM TO BE USED 18
9.0 ESTIMATED PRODUCT COST STRUCTURE. 18

4 CONCLUSION 19

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INTRODUCTION

SMART NATION EXPO 2022 was a major success and firmly established it as the
Region’s Biggest Tech Exhibition on 5G, Smart Cities, IR4.0, Emerging
Technologies and Applications. In line with the continued roll out of 5G services
across the region, digital transformation will accelerate across key sectors of the
economy. The introduction of 5G together with INDUSTRY 4.0, IoT, Artificial
Intelligence, Robotics and Web3.0 including Virtual/Augmented Reality will create a
whole host of new business that will spur growth and transform the economies of the
future. There are so many type of smart that we can learn and especially for
manufacturing . I already choose two product that I learn from Smart Nation Expo
connected with my subject manufacturing process .

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1.0 ULTRASONIC CLEANER

2.0 INTRODUCTION OF ULTRASONIC CLEANERS

2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT

Ultrasonic cleaners have become more accessible and affordable for consumers in the
21st century. They are commonly used for cleaning a variety of items, including
jewelry, watches, eyeglasses, coins, and even delicate electronic components.
Additionally, the technology continues to evolve, with improvements in cleaning
efficiency, digital control systems, and more environmentally friendly cleaning
solutions. For over 50 years , Crest Ultrasonics Corp, has been a leader in the
precision ultrasonic cleaning industry . The technology has been used successfully in
both aqueous and solvent systems , which serve wide variety of cleaning application
from rugged industrial to critically precise .

2.2 MATERIALS

Series H/T/PC

 Digital display of temperature , ultrasonic power and cleaning times

 Adjustable cleaning time or continuous operation via digital display
 Adjustable bath temperature of 20-80c with digital display
 Adjustable ultrasonic power in nine steps . This feature enables an optimal
adjustment of the ultrasonic energy to the parts being cleaned
 Degas function allows variety of consistent sample prep applications
 Lift - off cover included

Series H/T

 Digital display of temperature and cleaning time

 Adjustable cleaning time or continuous operation via digital display
 Adjustable bath temperature of 20 - 80 c with digital display
 Lift - off cover included

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2.3 PICTURES

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3.0 THE COMPETITORS PRESENTLY PRESENT LOCALLY

To determine the local competitors for ultrasonic cleaners , the first there is a
demand for ultrasonic cleaners in the local area, driven by various industries and
applications. This demand creates a business opportunity that attracts multiple
competitors to serve the market. Second is , the ultrasonic cleaning industry continues
to evolve with advancements in technology and materials. Competitors strive to offer
innovative and improved products to stay competitive and meet the changing needs of
local customers. Lastly , Local customers may have preferences for specific brands,
features, or suppliers. Having multiple competitors allows customers to choose
products that align with their preferences and requirements.

4.0 THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCT WITH ENVIRONMENT.

Compared to certain other cleaning techniques, ultrasonic cleaners can be thought of
as a more environmentally friendly choice, although this relies on a number of
different aspects . The first is Ultrasonic cleaners use electrical energy to generate
sound waves, which create cavitation bubbles in the cleaning solution. The energy
efficiency of the ultrasonic cleaner can impact its sustainability. Energy-efficient
models are preferable as they reduce electricity consumption. Next , Ultrasonic
cleaning is a gentler method compared to abrasive techniques, which can extend the
life of delicate parts and reduce the need for frequent replacements, leading to less
waste. Lastly , the choice of cleaning solutions or detergents used in conjunction with
ultrasonic cleaners can have a significant environmental impact. Using eco-friendly
and biodegradable cleaning agents can make the process more sustainable by reducing
chemical pollution . In summary, how ultrasonic cleaners are utilized, the cleaning
compounds they employ, and their overall effectiveness all affect how
environmentally sustainable they are. Ultrasonic cleaners may be an environmentally
beneficial cleaning solution for a variety of applications when utilized carefully and in
concert with eco-friendly practices. Like any cleaning technique, you must, however,
take precautions to reduce any potential environmental effects.

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5.0 TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF THE COMPONENT TO BE PRODUCED

Transducers are responsible for converting electrical energy into ultrasonic

vibrations. They typically operate at frequencies between 20 kHz and 40 kHz. The
technical specifications of a transducer may include its resonant frequency, power
rating, and dimensions. Next , the generator or power supply provides the necessary
electrical energy to drive the transducers . The technical specifications would include
voltage, current, and frequency settings. The tank or bath is the container where the
cleaning solution and the item to be cleaned are placed. The technical details may
include dimensions, material (usually stainless steel), and capacity in liters or
gallons.Many ultrasonic cleaners have a heater to control the temperature of the
cleaning solution. Technical details would include the heating capacity (in watts) and
temperature control settings. The control panel allows users to set the cleaning time,
temperature, and other parameters. It may include a digital display and control
buttons.

6.0 THE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES/MACHINES INVOLVED

 This process involves cutting, bending, and welding sheets of metal, often
stainless steel, to create the outer shell or tank of the ultrasonic cleaner. Machines
like laser cutters, CNC presses, and welding machines are used in this stage.
 Transducers are responsible for generating ultrasonic vibrations. They are often
produced using piezoelectric materials and require specialized machinery for
bonding, shaping, and wiring the transducer elements.
 Various electrical components, including the control panel, power supply, and
heating elements, are assembled. Automated assembly lines or machinery are
used to install and wire these components.
 The tank or bath of the ultrasonic cleaner is typically sealed with high-frequency
welding machines or by other methods to ensure it is watertight and leakproof.
 Some components, such as the lid, basket, or smaller parts, may be made through
injection molding using injection molding machines.
 The generator or power supply is assembled, and it's typically done using a
combination of automated and manual processes.

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7.0 ASSEMBLY METHODS OF THE COMPONENT

I. Prepare components
 Assemble the tank, transducers, control panel, basket, lid, and power supply,
among other parts required for the assembly.

II. Tank Installation

 Starting with the ultrasonic cleaner's primary enclosure, the tank. Make sure
it's clean and free from any debris.Put the transducers in place on the tank's
bottom. These components are in charge of producing ultrasonic waves.
Depending on how the ultrasonic cleaner is designed, the number and
positioning of transducers may change.

III. Basket Installation

 Attach the basket included with your ultrasonic cleaner in the tank if it has
one. The items that you wish to clean are kept out of direct contact with the
transducers by being placed in the basket.
IV. Lid Installation
 If the lid of your ultrasonic cleaner is available, fasten it to the tank's top. The
cover aids in limiting the heat, sound, and vapours produced when cleaning.
V. Control Panel and Electronics
 Install the user interface or control panel to the tank's outside. You can
change the temperature, cleaning time, and other operational factors using the
control panel. Connect the ultrasonic cleaner's control panel to its electronics.
Connectors or wires that connect the power supply and other internal parts to
the user interface typically play a part in this.
VI. Power Supply and Wiring
 Connect the ultrasonic transducers to the power supply. In this stage, the
electrical components are attached to the transducers, and all wire is secured
and insulated.

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VII. Test and Calibration
 It's important to test the ultrasonic cleaner to make sure it operates properly
before closing up the assembly. To ensure that every component is
functioning as it should, test the transducers, the control panel, and the
heating element (if applicable). For assurance that the cleaner produces the
appropriate ultrasonic frequency and power levels for efficient cleaning,
calibrate the device.
VIII. Final Assembly
 Ensure there are no exposed or loose wires by securing every component in
its proper location. In order to avoid electrical dangers, be sure that all
connections are adequately insulated.

IX. Quality Control and Safety Checks

 Check a final quality control check to make sure the ultrasonic cleaner
satisfies safety requirements and functions as intended. Make sure the device
is appropriately grounded to avoid electric shocks.
X. Final Inspection and Packaging
 Check the assembly as a whole to make sure there are no flaws or problems.
If necessary, package the ultrasonic cleaner for distribution or delivery.

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8.0 TYPE OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM TO BE USED

Products, such as ultrasonic cleaners, are created in discrete batches in batch

manufacturing, which entails producing a certain number of units in a single
production run. Each batch usually follows to a specified sequence of steps, starting
with the first component assembly and ending with quality control inspections. When
the amounts of production are lower and it might not be affordable to build up
continuous production lines or make significant automation investments, batch
manufacturing might be used. Because each batch may be modified to meet individual
requirements, it provides flexibility in handling various product configurations or
modifications. On the other hand, compared to continuous flow manufacturing, where
production is continuous and there is less downtime between batches, batch
manufacturing could have somewhat longer lead times.

9.0 ESTIMATED PRODUCT COST STRUCTURE.

An ultrasonic cleaner's projected product cost structure can vary greatly based on a
number of factors, such as the unit's size and capacity, the quality of the materials
used, the production process, labour costs, and administrative charges.It's important to
remember that the precise cost breakdown might differ between product models and
manufacturers. Businesses might choose to reduce expenses in a variety of ways,
including by automating processes, improving workflows, or sourcing goods.
Competition and market conditions can also have an impact on price decisions. To be
able to determine the exact cost structure of a particular ultrasonic cleaner, a producer
would have to carry out a thorough cost study that accounts for each of these parts and
the accompanying costs.

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1.0 INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET SWITCHES
2.0 INTRODUCTION OF THIS PRODUCT
2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT

Founded in 2008 at Shenzhen China , AOA TECHNOLOGY ( also registered :

SHENZHEN LEAD TECHNOLOGY CO. , LTD ) has been continuously dedicated
to providing high-quality fiber optic product at a competitive price . Our product
range from Fiber Passive Components , Active Devices , Cable Management , FTTH
product and so on . All of the product are used in various fields ( and are wide ted in
many countries ) ; they include: Telecommunication; Urban
Traffic/Railway/Highway; safe city ; industrial automation; electric power ; new
energy ; CCTV/Security / surveillance ; Military industry .

2.2 MATERIAL
 UTP to fiber media converter
 IEEE 802.3af/at complaint - IES1104P/1204P
 RJ-45 port support auto MDI/MDI-X function
 Auto-negotiation speed , half/full-duplex
 Store-and-forward switching architecture
 Support wide temperature (-40 C ~ +85 C )
 Wide-range redundant power design (12~58VDC)

2.3 PICTURES

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3.0 THE COMPETITORS PRESENTLY PRESENT LOCALLY

Some of the industries that fuel the demand for industrial Ethernet switches include
automation, transportation, utilities, and manufacturing. Competitors in the area are
aware that they must provide answers to this the demand. Next , Industrial Ethernet
switches are required to meet specific industry standards. Local rivals could focus on
responding to certain industries or market segments, such manufacturing units, energy
facilities, or transportation networks. Also , local competitors may have the flexibility
to customize their products and services to cater to the specific needs of local
customers. This customization can be a competitive advantage. Since local production
has lower overhead and cheaper transportation costs, local producers can sometimes
provide cost-competitive alternatives. Lastly , local manufacturers may see
opportunities to expand their market presence by serving the local industrial Ethernet
switch market, potentially gaining a competitive edge in the process.

4.0 THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCT WITH ENVIRONMENT.

In the modern world, industrial Ethernet switch manufacturing sustainability with

respect to the environment is vital. Sustainability and its effects on the environment
are becoming more and more important to manufacturers and consumers. First ,
Energy-efficient industrial Ethernet switch conception and manufacture are examples
of sustainable manufacturing practise. Energy-efficient switches use less power when
they're operating, which lowers their environmental effect and energy expenses.
Next , Manufacturers should consider the environmental impact of the materials used
in their products. Sustainable practices involve choosing materials that are recyclable,

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have low toxicity, and are sourced responsibly.Lastly , A sustainable approach
includes considering the entire life cycle of the product, from manufacturing and
distribution to use and disposal. Efforts to extend product life cycles and promote
reuse and recycling can reduce waste and resource consumption.

5.0 TECHNICAL INFORMATION OF THE COMPONENT TO BE PRODUCED

An industrial Ethernet switch's manufacturing process comprises many intricate

technical elements and concerns. Industrial Ethernet switches are used to connect and
control networked equipment in industrial environments. They frequently need to
offer dependable, fast data connection while withstanding extreme environmental
conditions. The first is for the component selection . The choice of parts is very
important. Selecting the appropriate CPU, RAM, power supply components, Ethernet
switch chips, and connections for industrial use is necessary. Durable and dependable
components are required. Second is , The design of the switch's circuitry and the
layout of the printed circuit board (PCB) are critical. The PCB should be designed to
minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) and be resistant to temperature extremes
and vibration. Next , The switch's housing or enclosure has to be made with the
interior parts shielded from the elements. Depending on the industrial setting, it
should be robust, dust proof, waterproof, and perhaps explosion-proof. Lastly , for the
ethernet port . Industrial Ethernet switches typically have multiple Ethernet ports,
which may be of various types (e.g., Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet). These ports
need to be designed to meet industrial standards and specifications.

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6.0 THE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES/MACHINES INVOLVED

 For the PBC assembly , there have two . One is Pick-and-Place machines
which is electronic components are precisely placed into printed circuit
boards (PCBs) using these equipment. They choose parts from trays or reels
and arrange them in specific spots on the PCB. Second is reflow soldering
oven which after component placement, the PCBs are passed through a
reflow soldering oven, where solder paste is melted, creating electrical
connections between the components and the PCB.
 For the enclosure manufacturing , they use metal stamping machines which is
used to cut , bend and shape metal sheets into the required enclosure parts
and also they use plastic injection molding machine to produce plastic part
like cover , brackets and cable connectors

 Next is for the assembly and integration , they use assembly lines which the
worker or automated systems assemble the PBCs and other component into
switch enclosure , ensuring all parts fits correctly and also they use screwing
and fastening machines to securely fasten component within switch enclosure
.
 Next is for the final assembly and packaging , they use machine to do the
package the switches , including inserting them into the box , adding label
and applying protective packaging material .

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7.0 ASSEMBLY METHODS OF THE COMPONENT

I. PBC assembly
 Surface mount technology (SMT) and through-hole technology (THT) are used
to place electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits
(ICs), connectors, and LEDs onto the printed circuit board (PCB). Pick-and-place
machines are commonly employed for precise component positioning. After that ,
Solder paste is applied to the PCB, and the assembly is passed through a reflow
soldering oven to melt the solder and create electrical connections.
II. Enclosure assembly
 For switches with metal enclosures, components are mounted within the metal
chassis. Fasteners, screws, and brackets secure components in place within the
enclosure. And also for switches with plastic enclosures, components are
typically mounted on the internal plastic frame, and the two halves of the
enclosure are snap-fitted or fastened together.
III. Connector installation
 RJ-45 connectors are commonly used for Ethernet ports. They are installed on the
PCB and secured using screws or clips. Fiber optic connectors are attached to the
PCB, and optical fibers are terminated and secured within the connectors.
IV. Power supply and electronics integration
 In Power Supply Unit (PSU) , If the switch includes a power supply unit, it is
integrated into the enclosure and connected to the PCB.The main electronic
components, such as the switch ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)
and other processing components, are mounted on the PCB.
V. Cooling and heat management

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 Cooling fans are fitted if needed to keep the enclosure's working temperature at
the right level. Industrial switches need to be put in difficult conditions, thus this
is extremely important.
VI. Cable management
 Internal cabling ensures data and power communication within the device by
connecting various components.

VII. Labeling and marking

 Product labels, branding, and safety markings are applied to the enclosure for
identification and regulatory compliance.
VIII. Testing and quality control
 Functional tests are performed on every unit to make sure all of the parts function
as planned. Testing Ethernet ports, LEDs, and other features is part of this
process. thereafter visual inspection and quality control tests are carried out to
find flaws, soldering errors, and other assembly-related concerns.
IX. Final assembly and packaging
 Any remaining assembly tasks are completed, and the device is prepared for
packaging.Industrial Ethernet switches are packaged, often in protective
materials, and placed in boxes or packaging suitable for shipping.
X. Burn-in and environmental testing
 Some manufacturers perform burn-in tests and environmental testing to ensure
the switches can withstand harsh industrial conditions.

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8.0 TYPE OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM TO BE USED

The selection of an industrial Ethernet switch manufacturing system may be

influenced by variables including production volume, product complexity,
customization requirements, and cost considerations. An industrial Ethernet switch's
production process can be structured in a continuous, linear flow using the process
called continuous flow manufacturing. This approach creates a seamless and effective
production line by having the switches go through many stages of manufacture,
assembly, and testing one after the other without any breaks. For the high-volume
manufacture of standardized industrial Ethernet switches, where uniformity,
efficiency, and simplified procedures are critical, continuous flow manufacturing is
especially well-suited. With the least amount of production interruption possible, it
enables producers to satisfy market needs and realize economies of scale.

9.0 ESTIMATED PRODUCT COST STRUCTURE.

The complexity of the switch, volume of production, labour costs, component pricing,
and other factors can all affect the anticipated product cost structure for industrial
Ethernet switches. It's important to remember that the exact price breakdown is going
to depend on the manufacturer and can change in the future. In order to optimize their
cost structure, manufacturers may additionally take into account variables like
economies of scale, continual process improvement, and volume discounts from
suppliers. Furthermore, depending on the unique features and specifications of the
switches, such as the quantity of ports, data transfer rates, power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
capability, and rugged designs for industrial settings, the pricing structures for

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industrial Ethernet switches may vary dramatically. Therefore, a more accurate
breakdown of costs based on the product's characteristics and the manufacturing
method would be necessary for a complete cost analysis for a particular product.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion , we can see that so many technology that we can use , not only at
workplace , but also at home or anywhere . Our generation has been live in
technology which is we also use in our daily life . From the Smart Nation Expo , what
I can tell is that all people can do or create innovation and technology to improve
more our technology industry . In the nutshell , from the Smart Nation Expo , I also
learn more about technology product that have manufacturing process . I believe that
in any product must have manufacturing process , so its give me more information
and know deeper about manufacting . I feel so glad to join this manufacturing process
and I hope that I can join more event like Smart Nation Expo .

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