Review

Questions
 Why is it important to learn how to
evaluate sources?
Is it important to know the date when
the sources are published or written?
why?
As SHS students, is it possible to write
a research paper without the use of
existing researches? Why?
Motivational
Game
 WIKARAMBULAN

ARC THICK
ARTICLES
KILLS
WIKARAMBULAN

REEF ERR
REFERENCES
INCHES
 WIKARAMBULAN

INKIN-TEXT
TEAS SIGH
CITATIONS
TEA SONGS
 WIKARAMBULAN

APE HEY FUR

APA FORMAT
MET
WIKARAMBULAN

OATH ORES
AUTHORS
 Citing
Sources
The Purpose
for Citing
Sources
To give credit to the original
author of the work
To promote scholarly
writing
To help target audience to
identify original source
Forms of Citation
In-text Citation

Reference Citation
Example of In-
text Citation
(APA Style)
Two of the three reviewed studies focusing on
communication in non-internet and internet
relationships mediated by FtF, phone, or email
modalities found that the frequency of each
modality’s use was significantly linked to the
strength of the particular relationship (Cummings
et al., 2002).
 Example of
Reference Citation
(APA Style)
 References
Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The
quality of online social relationships. Communication
of the ACM. 45(7), 103-108.
Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V., & Westbrook, N. (2004).
Friendships through IM: Examining the relationship
between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 10, 34-48.
These two forms of
citations are
dependent on each
other. Once the source
is cited in the text, it
should also appear in
the reference list, or
else it may be
considered as a form
of plagiarism.
 Style Guides
1. The Publication Manual of the
American Psychological
Association (APA)
2. The Modern Language
Association Style Guide (MLA)
3. Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
4. American Medical Association
Manual of Style (AMA)
5. The Chicago Manual of Style
 Style
Description
Guides

Psychology, education, hotel and restaurant

management, business, economics, and other social
APA
sciences

MLA Literatures, arts, and humanities

IEEE Engineering

AMA Medicine, health sciences, and other natural sciences

Reference books, non-academic periodicals (e.g.

Chicago newspapers, magazines, journals, among others)
Guidelines in In-
Text Citations
 APA, 6th Edition (pp 169 – 179 )
Basic Citation Rules
• Follow the author's (latest) year of
publication method.

• Although not required, APA encourages you

to indicate page numbers even in
paraphrases or summaries. Place the period
after the citation when it is at the end of the
sentence.
ONE AUTHOR
1. According to Sipacio (2014), APA style is
required for business student majors.

2. APA Style is applied in the social sciences

(Sipacio, 2014).
TWO AUTHORS
Notice the example of the use of “&”
when the citations are inside the
parentheses.
1. According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014), APA style is
required for business student majors.

2. APA Style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio &

Barrot, 2014).
THREE TO FIVE AUTHORS
Name all three during the first
citation, then use the primary
author followed by ‘et al.’ (which
means ‘and authors’) for
subsequent citations.
FIRST CITATION:
According to Sipacio, Barrot, and Sanchez (2014), APA style is
appropriate for the fields of nursing and education.
The APA style is appropriate for the fields of nursing and
education (Sipacio, Barrot, and Sanchez, 2014).
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
Sipacio et al. states that in general, the social sciences employ
this citation style (2014).
In general, the social sciences employ this citation style (Sipacio
et al., 2014).
Direct Quotations
✓When you use a direct quote with
less than 40 words, you are
required to include the page
number(s) enclosed in parenthesis.
✓The page number must
be preceded by ‘p’, or
‘pp’for multiple pages.
✓Check the examples focusing
on the variety of formats and
the use of capitalizations,
parentheses, quotation marks,
period, spacing, and numbers.
1. Sipacio (2014) claimed that “beginners found
that APA style guide too complex” (p.56).
2. According to Sipacio (2014), “beginners found
that APA style guide too complex” (p.56).
3. He claimed that “beginners found that APA
style guide too complex” (Sipacio, 2014 p.56)
because of several factors.
✓When you use a direct
quote with 40 words
or more, you are still
required to include
the page number/s.
✓Start your quotation
with a new line with ½
indentation on the left
margin.
✓There is no need to
enclose long quotations
in quotation marks, but
the parenthetical
citations should be placed
after the period.
✓Check the example
below, focus on the
spacing and the
placement of
citations.
In this article, “Poverty in the Philippines Income, Assets, and Access,”
Scheliz (2005) suggests a list of causes of poverty.
(1) low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years; (2) low
growth elasticity of poverty reduction; (3) weakness in employment
generation and the quality of jobs generated; (4) failure to fully
develop agriculture sector; (5) high inflation during crisis periods;
(6) high level of population growth; (7) high and persistent levels of
inequality (income and assets), which dampens the positive impacts
of economic expansion; and, (8) recurrent shocks and exposure to
risks such as economic crisis, conflicts, natural disasters, and
environmental poverty. (p.2)
 Basic Rules for the MLA Handbook 7th
Edition (Chapter 6) and 3rd Edition (Chapter
7)

• The in-text parenthetical details in MLA

vary depending on the type of source
(e.g. print, web, DVD) and on the entry
of your paper’s Works Cited page.
• The first detail in your
reference’s in-text citation
must also be the first thing that
will appear when it is listed on
the Works Cited page.
• This style follows the author-
page method. Note that the
author's name may appear in
the sentence, but the page
number should always be in
the parenthetical citation and
not in the sentence.
• Check the examples
focusing on the variety of
formats, and the use of
capitalizations,
parentheses, quotation
marks, period, spacing, and
numbers.
•Notice the absence
of a comma in the
in-text citation.
1. Sipacio claimed that MLA
style is required for
Humanities student majors
(54).
2. MLA style is required for
Humanities student major
(Sipacio 54).
SINGLE AUTHORS FOR PRINT
SOURCE

1. Sipacio claimed that MLA style is

required for Humanities student majors
(54).
2. MLA style is required for Humanities
student major (Sipacio 54).
THREE OR FEWER AUTHORS

✓List all the last names of the

authors in the text or inside the
parenthetical citation.
✓Notice the use of “and” in the
parenthetical citation below.
1. Sipacio and Barrot claimed
that MLA style is required for
Humanities student majors (54).
2. MLA style is required for
Humanities student major
(Sipacio and Barrot 54).
3. Bautista, Castillo, and Sy state
that a citation guide is useful
when writing (54).
4. A citation guide is useful when
writing (Bautista, Castillo, and
Sy 54).
MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS FOR
PRINT SOURCE

✓You can either use the first author’s name

followed by et al. or you can list all the
authors.
1.Sipacio et al. claimed that MLA style is
required for Humanities student majors
(54).
2.MLA style is required for Humanities
student major (Sipacio et al. 54).
3.Sipacio, Miranda, Garcia, and Enriquez
claimed that MLA styles is required for
Humanities student majors (54).
NO AUTHOR FOR PRINT SOURCE

✓Use the shortened title of the

work enclosed in quotation marks
in place of the author's name.
MLA style is one of the many
citation styles student can use
(“Citation Styles” 64).
 DIRECT
QUOTATIONS
A. NOT EXCEEDING FOUR LINES

Use double quotation marks

to enclose direct quotes, in
the parenthetical citation,
give the author’s last name
and the page number
Miranda claimed that
“adhering to a style is a mark
of discipline” (56).
✓All punctuations which are part of
the quoted text must be placed
inside the quotation marks, but if the
punctuations are part of your text,
placed them outside.
 Would it be fair to say that
“adhering to a style is a mark
of discipline” (Miranda 56)?
✓If your source quotes another
text, use “qtd. in” (which stands
for quoted in) in the
parenthetical remarks.
Mallari claimed that “the level
of complexity differs according
to each person” (qtd. in Sipacio
56) because of several factors.
B. EXCEEDING FOUR LINES
Research Analysis

✓Start in a new line.

Venus has a
beautiful name, but
Jupiter is the
biggest planet in the
it’s terribly hot Solar System
✓No need to enclose the whole text in double
Data Study Comparison
Despite being red,
quotation marks, but make Saturn is the
sure to ringed
indent
Mars is actually a one and a gas giant
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,
cold place change the data and paste the new graph here
the block of text 1” from the left.
✓ Maintain double-spacing.
✓ The parenthetical citation
should come after the
closing punctuation mark
of the quoted text.
In this article, “Poverty in the Philippines Income, Assets, and Access,”
Scheliz (2005) suggests a list of causes of poverty.
(1) low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years; (2) low growth
elasticity of poverty reduction; (3) weakness in employment generation
and the quality of jobs generated; (4) failure to fully develop agriculture
sector; (5) high inflation during crisis periods; (6) high level of
population growth; (7) high and persistent levels of inequality (income
and assets), which dampens the positive impacts of economic expansion;
and, (8) recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis,
conflicts, natural disasters, and environmental poverty. (2)
3. IEEE Editorial Style Manual, 2014
(p 34)
• In this style, there is no need
to name the author, page
number, or date of
publication in the in-text
citation.
•Instead, the
references are
numbered according to
the order in which they
were cited in the text.
• The reference numbers
which appear in the text
have to be enclosed in
brackets.
• When a reference that
was cited earlier is used
again in later parts of the
text, the same reference
number will be used.
1.(Paragraph 2) Sipacio claimed that IEEE
style is complex [1].

There are reasons why it has

2.(Paragraph 5) been claimed that using an
IEEE formatting style is
complex [1].
 The reference
number has to
correspond to the
full bibliographical
details of the text in
the reference list of
your paper.
In-Text:
Sipacio claimed that IEEE style is complex [1].

Reference
[1] B. Sipacio, Citation for Engineering. Chicago:
Skyward Publishing, 2010.
4. AMA Manual of Style 10th
Edition, (Section 1, Part 3)
• As with the IEEE editorial style,
there is no need to add the
author, date, or year of
publication in the in-text
citation.
•Instead, each reference
is assigned a number
according to the order in
which it was cited in the
text.
•The number reference
is placed in superscript
after the period in the
sentence.
AMA style is required for
Health Science majors. 1
• The reference number has to
correspond to the full
bibliographic details of the text in
the reference list of your paper.
In-Text:
AMA style is required for health science majors.1

Reference
1 Cruz Y. Citation Guide for the Natural Sciences.
Chicago: Medical Publishing, 2013.
•TWO ARTICLES OF DIFFERENT
AUTHORS

✓ use a comma to separate

the reference numbers.
AMA style is required for
Health Science majors. 1,2
•DIRECT QUOTATION

A. Less than four lines

• Enclose with quotation marks
• Add the reference number
after the closing quotation
marks
“Beginners found AMA style
guide too complex.” 1
B. Four lines or more
✓Use a block quotation that is
indented and single-spaced
✓Add the reference number at the end
of quote, after the period
In this article, “Poverty in the Philippines Income, Assets, and Access,”
there are causes of poverty.
(1) low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years; (2) low growth
elasticity of poverty reduction; (3) weakness in employment generation
and the quality of jobs generated; (4) failure to fully develop agriculture
sector; (5) high inflation during crisis periods; (6) high level of
population growth; (7) high and persistent levels of inequality (income
and assets), which dampens the positive impacts of economic expansion;
and, (8) recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis,
conflicts, natural disasters, and environmental poverty.3
Guidelines in
Reference
Citations
 Place the reference list on a new
Style
page separate from the text of
Guides
your writing.
APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA
 Label this page “References” and
Style align it at the center at the top of the
Guides page.

APA 

MLA
“Works Cited”
IEEE 

 Style
Do not use boldface, underline, or
Guides quotation marks for the title.

APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA
 Apply hanging indentation.
Style
➢ This simply means that the lines following the
Guides
first line in an entry should be indented

APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA 
 Style
All text should be double-spaced just like
Guides the rest of the paper.

APA 

MLA


IEEE
Single-spaced

 Follow this sequence in writing the names of the
Style
author: Last name, First Name Initial, Middle Name
Guides
Initial.
APA 
MLA 
Last Name, First Name(if middle name is available place it
after the first name)

IEEE 
First name Initial, Last name.
AMA 
 Style Arrange the references in alphabetical orders
Guides
based on the last names of the authors.

APA 
MLA 

IEEE According to reference number, enclosed in bracket


AMA According to reference number
Style Do not cut or add to the
Guides
titles.
APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA 
 Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of
Style
a title, the first letter of the first word of its
Guides
subtitle after a colon, and the proper nouns.

APA 


MLA
All major words

IEEE All major words

 Italicize the titles. When the article is
Style
Guides used, italicize only the journal title.

APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA 
Style For online sources, make sure to
Guides remove the hyperlink of the URL.
APA 

MLA (enclosed in a bracket)

IEEE 

AMA 
 Place the periods at the end of all
Style
entries.
Guides

APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA 
 For print sources, place a period at the end of
Style
the entry. Provide the page number of the
Guides
sources.

APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA 
Style Use a hyphen to indicate
Guides the range of the pages.
APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA 
Style
Put “n.d.” (no date) for
Guides
sources with no date.
APA 
MLA 

IEEE 

AMA 
APA 6 th Edition
MLA Handbook
7 Edition
th
 IEEE Editorial
Style Manual,
2014
AMA Manual
of Style, 10 th

Edition
APA 7th Edition
The most notable changes
References and
in-text citations
7 notable changes
1. Publisher location not included

✗ Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective

people: Powerful lessons in personal change. New
York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
✓ Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective
people: Powerful lessons in personal change. Simon
& Schuster.
2. In-text citations are shortened

✗ (Taylor, Kotler, Johnson, & Parker,

2018)
✓ (Taylor et al., 2018)
 3. Up to 20 authors in the reference list
✗ Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly,
R. S., Turner, S. T., … Nelson, T. P. (2018).
✓ Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly,
R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Lee, L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H.
L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D.,
Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G.,
… Nelson, T. P. (2018).
4. DOIs are formatted as URLs

✗ doi: 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449
✓ https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1
560449
5. Citing web pages
✗ Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids
recession but growth remains weak. Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127
✓ Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids
recession but growth remains weak. BBC News.
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127
6. Citing ebooks

✗ Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish

astronomy: Stars and satellites [Kindle version]. doi:
10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
✓ Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish
astronomy: Stars and satellites. Springer Nature.
https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
 7. Contributors other than authors
Media type Include as author

Film Director

TV series Executive producer(s)

Podcast episode Host of episode

Webinar Instructor

Online streaming video Person or group who

uploaded the video
Photograph Photographer
 Inclusive and
bias-free language
Updated guidelines
Use singular “they”
✗ A researcher’s career depends on how often he is
cited.
✓ A researcher’s career depends on how often they
are cited.

✗ Each examiner submitted his or her assessment.

✓ Each examiner submitted their assessment.
Be sensitive to labels

✗ The poor
✓ People living in poverty

✗ Transsexuals
✓ Transgender people
Appropriate level of specificity

✗ Over-65s
✓ People aged 65 to 75

✗ Asian participants
✓ Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Thai
participants
 Paper format
Student-specific guidelines
More fonts to choose from

✓ Times New Roman (12 pt)

✓ Arial (11pt)
✓ Georgia (11pt)
✓ Calibri (11pt)
✓ Lucida Sans Unicode (10pt)
No more running head
 Updated heading styles
Level Format
1 Centered, Bold, Title Case
2 Left-aligned, Bold, Title Case
3 Left-aligned, Bold, Italic, Title Case
4 Indented, Bold, Title Case, Period. Text begin
on the same line.
5 Indented, Bold, Italic, Title Case, Period. Text
begin on the same line.
What are the advantages of citing sources?
Why do you think is it necessary for a SHS
student to write a research paper?
How will you develop your strategy in
looking for reliable sources?
As SHS students, how will you improve
your research writing?
In EDMODO
Choose an article of your choice. In 3-4
paragraphs, make a summary of the article.
Cite both In-Text and References using APA 6th
Edition.
Word Document
Times New Roman or Arial
Font Size: 12
1.5 Spacing
Justified
In EDMODO
Visit this website
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00585-7
Make a reflection paper minimum of 3 – 4 paragraphs
max. of 5. Use the In-text and Reference Citation using
APA 7th Edition.

Word Document
Times New Roman or Arial
Font Size: 12
1.5 Spacing
Justified