REVIEWER IN EPP 6

LESSON 1 FAMILY RESOURCES AND NEEDS

LET’S BE INFORMED

FAMILY RESOURCES
This lesson will help you learn to identify the resources available in the family and how to
properly manage these resources in order to provide sufficiently for the family’s different needs.
Apart from money, family resources also include things non-working members of the family may
possess. These are energy, time, and skills. Like money, these resources are finite. This should be
instilled in the minds of the members of the family.

Types of family resources

Human Resources
Every able-bodied member of the family is considered an important human resource. People
who can contribute their time, effort, skills, strength, and expertise is considered part of the
family’s human resource.

Capabilities, Intelligence, and Skills

Every person has his or her unique ability and intelligence in a way that improves not only
himself or herself but also others. It is important to identify the talents and skills that each
person has and utilize them for the common good.

Strength/Energy
The strength of a person does not only mean having good health and strong body. It also means
having emotional stability, mental alertness, and having reasonable commitment and positive
outlook in life, especially in work that improves self and society. Strength is also needed to
accomplish tasks on time in order to play, entertain, and relax with the family afterwards.

Material Resources
Tangible assets such as house and lot, furniture and appliances, jewelry, automobiles, and cash
are referred to as the family’s material resources.
Every family must invest wisely in material resources, making sure that they consider quality,
durability, and appreciation value when choosing what to purchase.
Real properties and jewelry increase in value over time while the value of furniture, appliances,
and automobiles depreciate or go down as they get old and worn out.
Non – monetary material resources are valuable too because they can be sold for a certain
amount of cash.

Non-material Resources
Time, health, and experience are intangible resources but are also important. Without non-
material resources, family members will be unable to perform their duties and responsibilities at
home, in school, and at work.

Time
Time is very important. This is the resource that cultivates cooperation, fulfilment of the
prescribed duties, and smart maintenance of homes.

This is used to start and finish the work without giving burden to the body or resentment to the
person.
Health
The health of family members is important. When family members are in good health, they can
do their duties without delay.

Experience
The more experience a family member has, the more likely he or she will get hired and be paid a
good amount for his or her services. So, job or work experience is an important non-material
resource to have.

Time /Energy management

There are some tasks that require only little time and energy to accomplish. Take these things
into consideration when scheduling activities.
Household activities should be managed properly to lessen unnecessary labor and help
speed up work and reduce stress.

Below are some helpful reminders or tips to simplify work at home.

Identify and analyse each activity. Not everything has to be done every day. Plot the activities
that can be done daily, weekly, or monthly.
The following is an example of how to plan activities so as not to overwork the household and
allow for other activities to be included during the day.

Skills and interests of family members. Allow members of the family to express their preferred
task according to their interests and skills. Rotation of tasks can be implemented on a weekly or
bi-monthly basis.

Consider the health, age, and abilities of each member.

Assign tasks based on the availability of the members.

Coordination among all the family members for the improvement of family resources to ensure
attainment of all goals.

Example of a work schedule

Legends Used:
Importance of Proper Time/Energy Management
Promotes harmony and security.
Allows more time for leisurely activities.
Opens opportunities for constructive activities such as organizing worthwhile projects.
Tasks are completed according to schedule.

Basic needs – are requirements for sustaining life and promoting physical and mental growth
for the children within the family.
1. Food, water, shelter, and clothing. These needs are provided by parents to their children since
birth, to keep them alive.
2. Security and safety needs. The parents provide security and the safety needs of their children
to make them comfortable and to keep them free from fear. This includes healthcare and
education .

Food – fuels the human body. Without it, the body cannot grow or perform at its best, the organs
will stop working properly, and th body eventually dies. Food supplies nutrients, which are used
by every cell in the body as building materials and fuel.

Water –is vital to life, humans, plants and animals are made up of mostly water. All living things
would die if it weren’t for water. We use water for drinking, washing, cleaning, cooking and
watering plants.

Shelter . Human beings need shelter for protection against natural threats, such as extreme
weather and dangerous creatures, and even as security against other human beings.

Clothing – is a fiber and textile material worn on the body to enhance personal appearance
and protect it from extreme temperatures and elements of various climate.

Education – boosts self esteem, gives the confidence to pursue dreams and alleviates poverty.

Social needs - are things such as acceptance, appreciation, belonging and companionship.
Essentially, social needs are met by forging relationships with other people. Social needs are also
considered to be deficiency needs or something that is essential for growth and development.
According to Maslow's theory, social needs are important because forging emotional
relationships is essential for preventing anxiety, depression and loneliness.

Social needs are met in a variety of ways. Families meet the social needs of children, but later in
life, romantic partners, friends and co-workers further meet social needs. Joining groups, such as
a church or athletic team, also meets social needs.

LET’S REMEMBER
The proper management of the home depends on how family members utilize their materials
and non-material resources. Using family resources properly will help attain goals for a better
home life
 LESSON 2 SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME

LET’S BE INFORMED

Income - is money that an individual or business receives in exchange for providing goods or services.

Family income – is the total income earned by all the members of the household.

Sources of family income

Salary earned for services rendered

Bonuses, commissions, or honoraria given by an employer to employees

Profits earned from business

Rentals from owned properties

Dividends from stock holdings

Types of family income

1. Money Income

2. Real Income

3. Psychic Income

Money income maybe in the following forms:

a. Salary

Monthly salary of all the members who are doing government or private services.

b. Wages

Daily, weekly or monthly wages

c. Rent

Rent of the house and real estate

d. Interest

Interest of the capital deposited in banks, post offices or from lending money.

e. Projects

Profits from investment either in business or any other sources.

f. Sick Benefits
Medical Allowances

g. Pensions

Money received by retired persons, old age widow and other pensioners

h. Gift, dividends, securities, royalties etc

Money income which provides additional comforts enjoyed by the family.

The real income of the family consists of:

a. Inherited landed property, which yields crops for the family.

b. Food furnished by a kitchen garden.

c. Dairy farming and poultry farming.

d. Durable goods and commodities owned by the family.

e. Kneading, embroidery, tailoring, pickling, baking and activities carried out in home.

f. All types of knowledge and services (Household activities) provided by the members of the family.

g. Community facilities like parks, markets, hospitals, roads, schools, colleges, libraries, dispensaries, fire

and police protection, community entertainments, social centres etc. Proper utilization of all these can

increase the real income of the family.

Psychic Income:

This income is the flow of satisfaction derived by the family from the use of money income and

real income. This income is also called as enjoyment income, experienced over a given period of time by

the proper utilization of money income and real income. We must maximize psychic income, because

our ultimate goal is to derive maximum satisfaction and peace from life. It is in the form of rewards (as

in prestige, leisure, or pleasant surroundings) not measurable in terms of money or goods but serving as

an incentive to work in certain occupations or situations a creative artist can reap a psychic income that

money cannot match.

Total Income:

Total income consists of money income received over a certain period of time and the real

income received during the same period from other sources without spending one’s own money

income. The family utilizes this total income to obtain goods and services for the satisfaction of its needs

and saves some unused money income for future use, gifts to other persons or payment of taxes.
Tips in Wise Spending of Your Income

Make a lists of all the things needed at home and their specification.

Compare the prices of the products to be bought. Avoid buying things with higher prices than

usual.

Buy in bulk the things that are needed everyday.

Buy fruits and vegetables in season.

Know the substitute ingredients for expensive items.

Be familiar with the stores offering lowest prices.

Go to a store where you can be assured of good quality and standard price.

LET’S REMEMBER

Using family resources properly will help attain goals for a better home life . The home serves as

the workshop where skills are honed, attitudes and values are developed, habits are formed.

LESSON 3 ALLOCATION OF BUDGET FOR BASIC AND SOCIAL NEEDS

LET’S BE INFORMED

Budget

A budget is the amount of money set aside for planned expenses. It is a plan specifying how much

money will be spent or allocated during a particular period.

Budgeting

is related to the wise use of family resources. It is based on the system by which wages or

salaries are received and how these are to be spent by itemizing the needs of the family and how much

money is needed to meet such needs.

Components or elements of a family budget

Food – groceries, raw and cooked food, staples, condiments, and spices

Shelter – if not renting, includes taxes, repair, and maintenance

 Clothing – uniforms, clothes, and accessories

Education – tuition fees, books, daily food, transportation allowance of children

Household operations – things needed in the house, beddings, curtains, furniture, and other

paraphernalia to make members comfortable

Utilities – electric, water, and telephone bills, gas, salaries of helpers

Health – medicine, check-up

Recreation – family outings, outside dining, watching movies.

Savings – the amount set aside or deposited in the bank

Allocation of Family Budget

A family budget may differ from one family size and composition, family values and standards of living.

Some families may spend more on food, others on clothing and still others on education.

The values of the family influence its priorities.

Sample of Monthly Budget

Monthly Income: Php 25, 000.00

Family Members : 4

How to manage family resources efficiently

Inform all the members of the family about the budget.

Make adjustments to your budget as necessary. Keep within the amount allocated for budget

items.

Choose a simple lifestyle that you can sustain with your earnings.

Buy only things that are needed.

 Schedule your expenses.

Follow a shopping and marketing schedule.

Avoid making unscheduled, unplanned purchases especially at a store you are not familiar with.

Teach the children to spend their allowance wisely.

Conserve energy and other utilities.

Recycle or reuse materials.

Repair appliances and furniture as needed.

Take good care of your belongings.

Buy products that are of good quality and reasonable price.

Develop the habit of walking short distances.

Factors affecting the family budget

The following are some factors that can affect a personal or family budget.

1. Amount of Income – the higher the income of the family, the greater the amount that the

family members can spend for their needs and wants. But, the greater the income, the more

savings the family can have for the future. On the other hand, the smaller the income of a

family, the more it needs to spend for what is most important and immediate needs. Food,

shelter, clothing, education, and utilities are some of the immediate needs of most families

today.

2. Size and Composition of the family – the more family members are there, the bigger amount of

income is spent on food, schooling, clothing, and for their other basic needs. Also, when family members
are still young and growing up, the more expenses are needed for their food, health

and medical expenses, clothing and other basic needs.

3. Values of the family – different families and different individuals have different values so they

have different priorities on how to spend their money.

4. Needs and wants of the family – needs are materials which the family members need to survive

on a day to day basis. Food, shelter, and clothing are basic needs. Today, however, education,

transportation, lights, and water are also considered needs. Wants, on the other hand, are

materials that the family members desire to have. They can be postponed if the budget is not

enough but can be purchased if the budget allows it. Jewelry, new dresses, cell phones and
other electronic gadgets, appliances, and cars are some of the wants most families would like to

buy.

Needs and Wants

Our needs and wants motivate us to work hard. They encourage and inspire us to get involved in

productive endeavors that will help our families live better.

It is important for family members to distinguish clearly their needs from their wants. In family

budgeting, we must prioritize our needs and not wants.

LET’S REMEMBER

Every member must also know how the family income is budgeted. Through budgeting,

family members learn to spend money wisely, thus, saving money which could be used for other

family needs. Resources such as time, energy, and utilities are also used well when income is

budgeted.

LESSON 4 TOOLS AND MATERIALS IN SEWING

LET’S BE INFORMED

It is easy to look for the sewing tools you need when the sewing tools are well placed in a clean
well organized sewing box. With the right needle, the appropriate thread, and the needed fasteners or

buttons, one can save time and energy.

Having the complete basis on hand, tools greatly contribute in making garment construction easier,

faster, more efficient, and enjoyable.

Tools and Materials

Measuring Tools
Tape Measure – is a measuring tool used for taking body measurements to produce well-fitting

clothes and pants. This is usually made of cloth or plastic.

Ruler- is a measuring tool used to measure and draft lines on a fabric or pattern.

Metal Gauge- is a movable marker that measures short distances and correct thickness such as

distance between buttons, pleats, and hems.

Hem Gauge- is a measuring tool used to measure the correct hem for a piece of clothing or
linen.

French Curve-is a measuring tool used in drafting curves in the pattern of the arm, neckline, and

crotch.

Meter or Yard Stick – this is used to measure fabric.

Tailor’s Square- is used for drawing straight lines and true right angles.

Curve stick-is used to have curved lines on necklines and armholes.

Cutting Tools
Embroidery Scissors- are small scissors designed for needle work.

Dressmaking Shears- is used for cutting heavy fabric. It has uneven shapes of handles.

Pinking Shears – are scissors with serrated blades or zigzag edges (similar to saw) used for

cutting the fabric edge and prevent it from fraying or ravelling.

Light Trimmer – is used for cutting small corners or portions of the fabric, this tool has one point

blunt to prevent the fabric from snagging.

Brent-handled Shears- Shears with straight blades and a handle that is off-set at an angle to

allow the lower blade to stay flat in a cutting surface.

Sewing Scissors- is a cutting tool used for trimming seams and facings.

Thread Clippers-is a small cutting tool used for snipping thread.

Seam Ripper-is a cutting tool used to open seams as well as other detailed work.

Stitch Ripper- is a small tool made of metal used to remove stitches.

Marking Tools

Tracing Wheel- is a marking tool with saw tooth blade used to transfer the marks from the

pattern paper to the cloth.

Tailor’s Chalk- this is an orange colored hard square wax used for marking guidelines or sewing

lines in fabric.

Tracing Paper- this is used with the tracing wheel to transfer marks from the pattern paper to

the cloth.

Soft Pencil – this is used in drawing lines in pattern construction.

Sewing Tools
 Needle-is a sewing tool that has one sharp end and a hole at the other end to make the thread

pass through. They come in different sizes and are used in sewing to pass the thread through

the cloth either by hand or machine. The three types of needles are sharps (longest with round

eyes for general sewing), crewels ( next in length with slender eyes for darning and embroidery),

and betweens (the shortest needles with round eyes for fine sewing in tailoring or dressmaking),

Long darners- Long thick needle suitable for mending holes in heavy fabrics.

Cotton darners (fine points)- Used for darning, suitable for delicate yarns such as cotton and silk.

Beading needles - Very long and fine with a sharp point; used for decorative work, particularly for
attaching beads and sequins.

Curved needles- Needles used in sewing mattress and doing upholstery work.

Ball point needles (round point)- Used between knit yarn fibers.

Straw Needle- used for tacking

Tapestry needles

Strong, thick needles that have a sturdy, blunt point; suitable for working tapestry and needle

point projects.

Embroidery crewel needles

Sharp, medium length needles with a long eye through which strands of embroidery thread are

needed.

Glovers/Leather hand needles

Sturdy three-sided needles with a round eye suitable for piercing both leather and strong plastic

fabrics.

Pins

Tiny sewing tools with a sharp pointed tip used for a variety of purposes such as holding pattern

pieces in place, fit fabric or garment on the body, hold fabric together, and secure lace, sequins

or beads.

Dressmaker’s pins

One and one-sixth inches long; used in all sorts of garment sewing.

Glass headed pins

Pins with colored ball shaped heads; used for marking or decorating crafts.
Safety pins

Available in different sizes, these pins come with a safe cover for the pointed part to prevent it

from jabbing the skin.

Pin Cushion-it is used to keep needles and pins in place when not in use.

Emery bag-is similar to a pin cushion but with rougher content such as finely ground broken

plate or very fine dried sand to sharpen the tips of pins and needles and to prevent them from

getting rust.

Thread- is used for stitching cloth either by hand or machine and comes in different colors and

thickness. It can also be used for surface decoration. Thread can be made of cotton, nylon, or

silk. Sizes may range from 40 (heavy sewing, thicker thread) to 100 (finer thread for sheer

materials such as silk or organza). Number 50 is commonly used for hand sewing. Threads are

sold in skeins (embroidery), cones, spools, and balls.

Needle Threader – aids in inserting the thread into the eye of the needle.

Thimble-a small , durable, protective cap made of metal or plastic, used to protect the finger

from being pricked when pushing the needle through the cloth.

Tips to Keep Your Sewing Tools and Equipment Longer

Keep in a storage box when not in use.

Place the pins and needles in the pin cushion.

Oil the scissors especially the screw to prevent rust. Have them sharpened regularly.

Arrange threads neatly.

Fold the tape measure.

Make an inventory of your materials, tools, and equipment.

Be sure your hands are clean and dry before starting to sew. Use handkerchief or face towel to

wipe your sweat.

LET’S REMEMBER

Tools greatly contribute in making garment construction easier, faster, more efficient, and enjoyable.
 LESSON 5 PROJECT PLAN FOR HOUSEHOLD LINEN
LET’S BE INFORMED

Project Planning

A project plan is a formal document designed to guide the control and execution of a project.

Careful and systematic planning is the first step in starting sewing a project. Plan what to sew, the

materials you need, and how to go about the project.

The following are some guidelines to consider in planning a project.

Once you have chosen the design, list the materials needed.

Choose the fabric most suitable for the project.

Plan the steps to be followed in making the project.

Prepare the sewing tools, materials, and sewing machine.

Making your own household linens can save money. You can also exercise your creativity by producing

the design that you really like. Some of these can also be sold to augment the family income. What do

you want to make? Recall the format for project planning earlier in the lesson.

Plan your project for household linens

Household linens

Table cloth

Table napkin

Placemat

Pillow case

Center piece

Bed sheet

Hand towel

Table runner

Make your project plan. Follow the format below.

Example:

I. Name of Project: Place Mat with Cross Stitch Design

II. Objectives
1. To make a placemat with cross stitch design

2. To develop skills in making placemat

3. To demonstrate steps in doing cross stitch

III. Sketch

Draw the raw materials and the finished product.

IV. Materials and tools needed

Write the materials and tools needed

V. Procedure

Write the steps in doing the project

VI. Evaluation

Use this scorecard to evaluate your project

LET’S REMEMBER
Sewing materials are important to make sewing successful and enjoyable.

Orderliness and cleanliness can be developed by taking care of your sewing materials. Maintain your

work area clean and orderly.