Damage Description Materials Critical Factors Units/Equipment Appearance/ Prevention/ Inspection & Related

Mechanism affected Morphology Mitigation monitoring Mechanism

Characteristics
Erosion/ Erosion Metals, Depends on 3 factors: All types of (i)Localized loss in (i)VT, UT, RT Erosion/Eriosion-
Erosion- Removal of Alloys, (i)Impacting Medium equipment thickness in the form (ii) Corrosion in
Corrosion surface material Refractories (ii) Metal itself exposed to of pits, grooves, Specialized specific
(from fluid (iii) Environment moving fluids waves, rounded holes corrosion environment:
movement/impact and catalyst and valleys. coupons and (i)Cavitation
from solids, Impacting Medium - Losses exhibit on-line (ii) Liquid
liquids, vapor) (i)velocity directional pattern corrosion Impingement
(ii)concentration/density probes Erosion
(iii)size/shape (ii) Failures can occur (iii)IR scans (iii) Fretting
(iv)hardness in a relatively short to detect
time refractory
Metal loss on
Metals made from stream
softer alloys are more
susceptible to damage

Environment
Corrosivity of
environment (T, pH, etc)
> Reduce stability of
protective film >
Increase rate of metal
loss
Atmospheric Corrosion that Carbon (i)Physical Location
Corrosion occurs from Steel, (ii) Humidity
moisture Low Alloy (iii) Design
associated with Steel,
atm condition Copper Physical Location
Alloyed Marine: Very corrosive
Aluminum (20mpy)
Industrial: If contain
acids or sulfur
compounds that can
form acids (5-10 mpy)
Inland: Moderate (1-3
mpy)
Rural: Very low (<1 mpy)

Design
Designs that trap
water/moisture in
crevices

Temperature
Temp > 121 C or 250 F=
Corrosion rate increases

Contaminants
Chloride, H2S, fly ash,
other airborne
contaminants accelerate
corrosion

Bird turds