Flow Measuring Device

(ME-310P) Lab Report

ABHISHEK
B21270
Group 2

Aim of the Experiment

To calibrate and study different flow meters i.e. Venturimeter, Orificemeter, Nozzle meter and
Rotameter.

Introduction
The most common instruments for determining the fluid flow rate in a pipe are the rotameter,
venturimeter, orificemeter, and nozzle meter. The rate of flow within the fluid flow system is
measured by these devices using the concepts of fluid dynamics. The flow rate can be
determined by using the continuity equation and Bernoulli's principle.

Methodology/ Sample Calculations

Actual flow rate (Qa),
0.01 3
Q
a = m /sec
𝑡
where, t = time in seconds to fill the 10 liters of tank.

Theoretical flow rate (Qt),

2𝑔(ℎ1− ℎ2)
Q =A(
t 2 2
)0.5 m3/sec
1−(𝐴 − 𝐴 )
2 1

On simplifying the equation further by putting the above values, we will get,
Qt = 0. 00089(ℎ − ℎ )0.5 m3/sec
1 2

We know as per the theory, the coefficient of discharge (Cd),

𝑄
𝑎
Cd = 𝑄
𝑡
From the above given formula, we can get the value of coefficient of Discharge (Cd) for
Venturimeter, Orificemeter and Nozzle meter.

Observation table and Results

1) For Venturimeter
Sr. Diam Diame Manomete Manometer Time Theoretical Actual Coeffici %error
No. eterof terof rdifference difference takento fill Flow rate Flow entof
Inlet throat in mm of in m of 10 liters in in m3/sec ratein dischar
in m in m hg (h1-h2) water (h1- seconds (t) (Qt) m3/sec ge (Cd)
(D1) (D2) h2) (Qa)
1 0.026 0.016 2.5 31.5 34.70 0.0049951 0.000288 0.05765 94.23

2 0.026 0.016 2.6 32.76 26.12 0.0050940 0.000383 0.07518 92.48

3 0.026 0.016 2.6 32.76 56.64 0.0050940 0.000177 0.03474 96.52

2) For Orifice meter

Sr. Diam Diame Manomete Manomete Time Theoretical Actual Coeffic % error
No. eterof terof rdifference rdifference takento fill Flow rate Flow rate ientof
Inlet orifice in mm of in m of 10 liters in in m3/sec in m3/sec dischar
in m in m hg (h1-h2) water (h1- seconds (t) (Qt) (Qa) ge (Cd)
(D1) (D2) h2)
1 0.026 0.016 2.5 31.5 46.86 0.0049951 0.0002134 0.04272 95.72

2 0.026 0.016 2.5 31.5 70.96 0.0049951 0.0001409 0.02821 97.18

3 0.026 0.016 2.0 25.2 24.46 0.0044677 0.0004088 0.09150 90.84

3) For Nozzle Meter

Sr. Diam Diame Manomete Manomet Time Theoretical Actual Coefficie %error
No. eterof terof rdifference er takento Flow rate in Flow rate ntof
Inlet orifice in mm of differenc fill 10 m3/sec (Qt) in m3/sec discharg
in m in m hg (h1-h2) e in m of liters in (Qa) e (Cd)
(D1) (D2) water seconds
(h1-h2) (t)
1 0.026 0.016 2.5 31.5 35.88 0.0049951 0.0002787 0.05579 94.42

2 0.026 0.016 2.7 34.02 23.94 0.0051910 0.0004177 0.08046 91.97

3 0.026 0.016 2.8 35.28 30.00 0.0052863 0.0003333 0.06299 93.70

Error Analysis
𝑄𝑡−𝑄𝑎
Percentage error = (
𝑄 * 100) %
𝑡
There are noticeable discrepancies in certain observations between the theoretical and real
flow rate figures.:
● Poor Visibility of Mercury Level in Manometer.
● Formation of Low-Pressure Area Downstream of Orifice
● Inaccurate readings due to human error during the measurement of mercury level.
● Friction losses, contraction and expansion losses , misalignment or distortion
● The sudden change in the flow area in orifice meters causes considerable swirl and thus significant
head loss or permanent pressure loss.
● Venturi meters cause very low head losses and thus they should be preferred for applications that
cannot allow large pressure drops.
● The irreversible head loss for Venturi meters due to friction is only about 10 percent.

Conclusion
The following are the average coefficient of discharge values for different flow
meters that were discovered through experimentation.:

Sr. No. Flow Meter Average Discharge Coefficient (Cd)

1 Venturimeter 0.05586

2 Orificemeter 0.05414

3 Nozzle meter 0.06641