Industry 4.

0
Overview of Industry 4.0 - the digital
transformation of manufacturing
 Introduction to Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution that is
underway. It involves integrating advanced digital technologies
into manufacturing and industrial processes. Key technologies
include Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data
analytics, robotics, and more.
 Phases of Industrial Revolution

Late 18th to mid-

19th century
First Industrial Late 20th century
Revolution marked by Third Industrial
mechanization using Revolution - the digital
water and steam revolution with
power electronics and IT

Late 19th to early

20th century Current era
Second Industrial Fourth Industrial
Revolution with Revolution - Industry
electricity and 4.0 with cyber-physical
assembly lines for mass systems
production
 Cyber-Physical Systems
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are a core concept in Industry 4.0. They
refer to the integration of computational algorithms and communication
networks with physical industrial processes. This allows for real-time
monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial systems.
 Design Principles

Interoperability Real-Time Capability

Systems and devices can seamlessly connect and Data is collected and analyzed in real-time, enabling
communicate with each other. immediate responses and optimizations.

Virtualization Service Orientation

The use of virtual models and simulations to Products and processes are designed with a focus on
represent physical processes. providing services and meeting specific customer
needs.

Decentralization
Decision-making is distributed across the cyber- Modularity
physical system, allowing for greater autonomy. Systems are composed of interchangeable and
flexible modules that can be easily customized.
 Building Blocks of Industry 4.0

Robotics in Artificial Internet of Things Cloud Computing Big Data Analytics Augmented/
manufacturing Intelligence Network of sensors Cloud-based systems Large data sets Virtual Reality
Robots automating AI and machine and devices allow for data storage, aggregated from AR overlays digital
repetitive and learning algorithms connected via processing, and multiple sources are information onto the
dangerous industrial enable autonomous internet to enable access over the analyzed to uncover physical environment
tasks without human optimization and real-time data internet. patterns and insights. to assist workers and
intervention. decision-making. collection and engineers.
analysis.
 Increased Operational Efficiency

Enhanced Production
Flexibility
Benefits of
Industry 4.0
Improved Product Quality

Reduced Downtime
 Challenges of Adoption
Integration Complexity
Integrating legacy systems with
new smart devices and
platforms can be complex and
require revamping production
processes.
High Upfront Costs
Substantial investment is
needed for new hardware,
software, inf rastructure
upgrades and worker training.
Cybersecurity Risks
Increased connectivity and data
exchange magnify
vulnerabilities to cyber attacks
and system hacking.
Unclear Return on
Investment
The costs and benefits of
transitioning to Industry 4.0 can
be hard to quantify, making ROI
uncertain.
Lack of Skilled Workers
Most existing workforces lack
the skills needed to implement
and operate new advanced
systems and technologies.
Organizational
Resistance
Adapting to major technological
and process changes requires
shifts in organizational culture
and mindsets.