Appendix A.

Model verification
To verify the presented formulation, the vibration results were compared
to those presented by Mace [2] for a fluid-loaded/unloaded infinite stiffened
plate, both excited by a point force on the stiffener. Figs. 10 and 11 in [2]
have been digitalised for the comparison. The results are shown in Fig. A.1,
comparing the input mobility for the present formulation and Mace’s, show-
ing good agreement with this well established formulation. This verification
confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed formulation and MAT-
LAB code.
Ref. [2] Ref [2]
P resent formulat ion P resent formulat ion
Mobility (m/ N)

Mobility (m/ N)
_ _
4 4
10 10

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
(a) (b)

Figure A.1: Input mobility for a frequency range with respect to the two cases presented
in [2]. Infinite stiffened structure with the point excitation on the stiffener (a) with fluid
loading, and (b) without fluid loading. Present formulation is represented by the blue
dashed line, and the response from Ref. [2] by the black solid line.

Appendix B. Wavenumber spectrum of the plate velocity

Appendix B contains an interactive figure showing the wavenumber spec-
trum of the plate velocity from 350 Hz to 850 Hz, considering the excitation
on the stiffener. The wavenumber spectrum of the plate velocity with the
excitation force on the stiffener is presented by the interactive Fig. B.1, show-
ing the transition between the BFrad bands which are highlighted by the red
border around the figure. The spectra considers a fixed color map amplitude
range. The ky passbands (i.e. case ∆(kyi ) < ϵ in Fig. 2) are highlighted on
both sides on the y-axis in a white bar. The wavenumbers for the flexural
and torsional motions of the stiffeners are presented by the horizontal white
dashed and dashed-dot lines. The fluid-loaded plate natural flexural circle
is shown by the white dotted line. It can be seen that for the frequencies
inside the BFrad band there is a high amplitude inside the acoustic circle
(represented by the solid white circle at the center of the spectrum).

Figure B.1: Wavenumber spectrum of the plate velocity for frequency range from 350 Hz
to 850 Hz. Propagation zones are indicated by a white mark on the ky -axis. Red square
mark when the excitation frequency is inside the BFrad propagating band. (dB, ref 1
µm.s−1 ).

Appendix C. Surface maps of particle velocity, acoustic pressure,

active intensity and non-negative intensity
This section presents a direct comparison between the V , P , Iact and I N
for the same frequency range which comprises two passbands. Fig. C.1 shows
the comparison between the four maps, highlighting the BFrad with a red
square around the map. The interactive figure shows the pattern changes as
the frequency increases, allowing to stop at specific f requencies t o observe
the maps with more attention. It can be seen that by looking at the velocity
and pressure maps is not possible to locate the hot spots, the high amplitude
over the entire surface makes difficult to lo cate th e su rface co ntribution to
the velocity and pressure. The distinct behaviour of the NNI is noticed by
focusing the transition from the BFrad bands to a non-radiating and again
towards a BFrad band, with the I N map showing the arc shape around the
excitation source, and than following the stiffeners lines. Similarly, Fig. C.2

Figure C.1: Maps of V , P , Iact and I N for 10 m ×10 m of the infinite stiffened structure
excited by a point force on stiffener at x0 = 0 m, for frequency range from 350 Hz to 850
Hz. Stiffener’s lines and the point force position (x0 ) are presented as white dashed lines
and white x mark, respectively. Red square mark when the excitation frequency is inside
the BFrad band.

shows the four maps for the case with excitation between stiffeners. With
the interactive figure it can be seen that as the frequency increases the hot
spot concentrates at the exact point of the force, and the pattern starts
to change from the circular shape when the frequency is inside the BFrad
band. The same pattern of the energy following the stiffener’s lines that
can be observed when the excitation is on stiffener, is not present when the
excitation is between stiffeners in the analysed frequency range.

Figure C.2: Maps of V , P , Iact and I N for 10 m ×10 m of the infinite stiffened structure
excited by a point force between stiffeners, for frequency range from 350 Hz to 850 Hz.
Stiffener’s lines and the point force position (x0 ) are presented as white dashed lines and
white x mark, respectively. Red square mark when the excitation frequency is inside the
BFrad band.
Appendix D. Effect of the force position on the NNI
Fig. D.1 and D.2 shows the surface contribution in terms of NNI, and
the vibroacoustic response in terms of sum of quadratic velocity, sound power
and radiation efficiency, for frequencies 550 Hz and 750 Hz which are inside
and outside of a BFrad band, respectively. The current x0 position response
is highlighted by a red mark in the AV 2 , Π and log10 (σ) responses.

Figure D.1: Surface map of I N , and vibroacoustic response from varying point force po-
sition in AV 2 , Π and log10 (σ) for 550 Hz (outside a BFrad band). In the map, stiffener’s
lines and the point force position (x0 ) are presented as white dashed lines and white x
mark, respectively. Current response for given x0 position is highlighted by a red mark.
Figure D.2: Surface map of I N , and vibroacoustic response from varying point force po-
sition in AV 2 , Π and log10 (σ) for 750 Hz (in a BFrad band). In the map, stiffener’s lines
and the point force position (x0 ) are presented as white dashed lines and white x mark,
respectively. Current response for given x0 position is highlighted by a red mark.