Mariano Marcos State University

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Laoag City
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Lesson 2
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

In this Learning Material you are going to trace back the development of Science and Technology in different
periods/ times/ages – Ancient Time, Middle Age, Modern Age as well as the Science and Technology Development in the
Philippines. In every video that you watch, take down important details like notable invention and discoveries in a
particular period by answering the questions that follow.

Your answer to the guide questions will serve as your notes and review material. Also, your answers will be your
basis for the individual and group output. Enjoy studying as you trace back the development of Science and Technology
by watching the videos provided for each period.

I. ANCIENT TIMES

A. Historical Antecedents_1 by Kaleidoscope (3:29)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Un5QRy3E-I&t=128s

This video is all about the Science and Technology during the ancient times particularly of the evidences of
Science and Technology of some famous civilizations during the ancient times

What are the evidences of Science and Technology in the following periods and civilization? Follow the
table format below.

Name of member: Albritz Andrei T. Batoon

Period / Civilization Evidences
1. Prehistoric Science Ancient tools, cave paintings,
prehistoric arts, and Human
remains.
2. Stone Age hand axes, spear points for
hunting large game, scrapers
which could be used to prepare
animal hides and awls for
shredding plant fibers and
making clothing.
Brief Description
During Prehistoric science
Ancient tools, cave paintings,
and other prehistoric art, such as
the Venus of Willendorf were
used as an evidence. Human
remains also provide direct
evidence, both through the
examination of bones, and the
study of mummies.
The stone age marks as period of
prehistory in which humans used
primitive stone tools. Stone Age
humans were hunter-gatherers
who lived in small, nomadic
groups.

3. Mesopotamia This period were the first to Mesopotamia were formed

use the potter's wheel to make from the ancient words meso
better pottery, they used and potamos. And it is situated
irrigation to get water to their between the Tigris and
crops, they used bronze metal Euphrates rivers.

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 to make strong tools and
weapons, and used looms to
weave cloth from wool.
4. Sumerian Civilization The wheel, sails, cuneiform The Sumerians was the first to
script, arithmetic, geometry, have explored the practice of
irrigation, saws and other tools, the scientific hypothesis,
sandals, chariots, harpoons, and engaged in technological
beer. innovation, created the earliest
written language, and
developed mathematics,
astronomy, and astrology.
5. Babylonian Civilization The ancient scientists who lived Babylon was one of the greatest
in the city made important city in the ancient world. Ancient
discoveries in mathematics, Babylon were among the earliest
physics and astronomy. Among people to develop the study of
their many accomplishments, astronomy and astrology,
they developed trigonometry, mathematics, cartography,
used mathematical models to jewelry making, and
track the planet Jupiter and development of calendar
developed methods of tracking system.
time that are still used today.

6. Ancient Egyptian Science The ancient Egyptians would
come to invent mathematics,
and Technology
geometry, surveying, metallurgy,
astronomy, accounting, writing,
paper, medicine, the ramp, the
lever, the plow, and mills for
grinding grain.
The ancient Egyptian Civilization
developed along the Nile River.
Egyptian built grand monuments
and temple, they also made
advances in engineering,
architecture, agriculture,
medicine, astronomy and even
in art and literature.

B. Historical Antecedents_2 by Kaleidoscope

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsptalMVj4k

This video presents Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophers as well as their technological
breakthroughs. Answer the questions that follow by accomplishing a table similar to the table below.

1. Who are the famous Ancient Greek Philosophers? What are their contributions to Science and Technology
during their time?
2. What are the technological breakthroughs during the Ancient Greek?
3. What are the evidences of Ancient Roman Science and Technology?
4. Who are the famous Ancient Roman Philosophers? What are their contributions to Science and Technology
during their time?
5. What are the technological breakthroughs during the Ancient Roman?

Name of member: Deo Frank B. Aguinaldo

Philosophers and Contributions / Evidences of Science and Brief Description
Technological Technology / Technological
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 Breakthroughs Breakthroughs

1. Ancient Greek
Philosophers

Pythagoras of Samos(c. *Numerical system, He was credited with

570-495 BCE)
Plato(c 428-347 BC)
Hippocrates (c. 450-375
BCE)
*Pythagorean theorem mathematical and scientific
*Sphericity of the Earth discoveries
* Identity of the morning and evening stars at Founded a sect where Greek
the olanet venus philosopy ,region, art ,and
mysticism were all fused together
He invented a theory of vision involving the He believed all substances to be
three streams of light composed of air , earth,fire, and
water
He also believed in a spherical
Earth which was the center of his
Universe , and a motion of
planets allong crystalline spheres
Hypocrite oath He established a medical school
on the island of Kos , and he
Established the basics of clinical medicine wrote many treaties on mesical
matters
He is known as the founder of
modern medicine

*Classification of animals in his book Hystoria He was a famous greek

Aristotle (c.384-322 BCE) Animalium. philosopher
*Binomial nomenclature ("genus" and Student of plato
"difference") Displayed an instinct to use
Treateas: scientific and factual reasoning in
-De Anima or On the Saoul his stufy of nature.
-Meteorologica
2. Ancient Greek
Technological
Breakthroughs

The facade of the Used in a a number of theaters courthouse's It was dedicated to the citix
Pathenon,Athens 5th and Government buildings accross rhe globe patron deity arhena biggest and
century BCE -manila Central Post Office probably famous among greek
-Philippine National Museum temples in architecture
Old Crane Invented to help move heavy loads or heavy The crane crane began in Egypt
objects due to all the major construction
there but due to archeologal
studies have found that crane
dates back to 6th century in
Greece
Water mill They invented it around 500 BCE

One of the best invention of the greece. It is used to harness the power of
the moving water
The antikythera One of the biggest unsung inventions from
Mechanism Ancient Greek Technology This was used to predict
astronological events such us
First analog computer in ancient time eclipses

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 Useful for helping from calendar
Help track of yesrs it properly
tracked the four year cycle of the
original Olympi games known as
the olympian
3. Ancient Roman
(Science and
Technology

Art Vase art,mosaic,cameo,coin art,fine jewelry, Art is an related to the latin word
sculpture etc. "ars" meaning , art or skill, or
craft
Literature Historical epics retelling An opportunity for a leader to
present his or her own ideas to
the world and to have an
additional opportunity to
rehearse the story again and to
integrate it, modify it, and add to
its comprehenssion
Language Latin The language of ancient Rome
and its empire,widely used
historically as language of
scholarship and administration.
Law Adopted the principle of personality The law of the state applied only
to its citizens.
Architecture Thre type of architecture Ancient roman architecture
Corinthian adopted the external language of
Doric classical Greek architecture for
Ionic the purposes on the ancient
Romans but was different style
Technology Stone These materials used to construct
Wood civil engineering projects fo their
Marble building materials cities and transportation devices
for land and sea travel.
4. Ancient Roman
Philosophers

Cato the elder (b. 234 Wrote a valuable treatise(De Agricultura) A famous orator
BCE) Give advice on how to run a good estate with Cato the Censor or Cato the
notes on wine and oil production and various elder.
remedies for crop diseas He was the first Latin prose writer
of importance

Lucretius (b. c. 94BCE)
Wrote al"De rebrum natura"(On the Nature of He was a Roman poet and
Things ), philosopher
He wrote divert things such as He had a most influential works
Atoms in history of literature ,
The void our modes of perception and our will philosophy and science
Discuss the origin of the world and life, the He reflected on art , language,
causes of earthquakes science and religion.

Vitruvius 1st Century BCE) Wrote significant works in various scientific Little is known about Vitruvius life
disciplines which formed the foundation of but byp his own description he
Roman science and technology served as an artelleryman in the
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 third class of arms in Roman
military
Seneca His work on natural philosophy include studies He was a Roman philosopher,
of meteorology, earthquakes, volcanoes, staesman, orator, and tragedian
comets, and meteors. He was Romes leading
intellectual figure in the mid 1st
century CE and was virtual rulwr
with his friends of the aroman
world between 54 and 62, During
the first phase of of the emperor
Neros reign
Marcus Minilius (1st Wrote the five volumes on astrology known as He was the author of
century CE) the Astronomica Astronomical and unfinished
poem on astronomy and
astrology probably written
between the years ad 14 and 27
Nigidius (1st century BCE) Wrote works( which survive only in He is a Roman servant and writer
fragments)on astronomy, zoology , weather,and
human nature
5. Ancient Roman
(Technological
Breakthroughs)

Wheeled plough and The ancient romans also developed farming This dramatically improve
Oxen-driven harvesting tools. farming efficiency
machine The Romans also aware to the importance of A plough or plow is a farm tool
the climate and lans type in ensuring the for loosening or turning the soil
production results and techniques familiar to before sowing seed or planting
the 19th century European farmers used Plough were traditionally drawn
effectively by the romance by oxen and horses
De Medicina by Aulus Romas made great contribution to the field of Roman Encyclopedia known as
Cornelius Celcus and medicine the "De Medicina which was
Compositiones by compiled by Aulus Cornelius
Scribonius Largus Celcus

Portable Sundail and Coin
bearing with Agustus sign
The Romans adopted mych if what the Greek Portable Sundial are self aligning
and Ptolemaic Egypt had achieved previously in (it may have two dials that
the field of astronomy. operate on different principles
such as horizonta and
Measuring sudials become more accurate in the analemmatic dial, mounted
roman period even portable together on one plate.

The sevrn day astrological was also adopted
during the reign of Agustus and roman
astronomy was also interwined with astrology
the roman emperor's use astrology of one
means of justifying their rule.
The symbol of the laurel , as well
as the inscription on the obverse
side laud Agustus for his various
military Victories

The first emperor Augustus that his elevation

was toled by his horoscope and ge even used
hus sign

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II. MIDDLE AGE/ MEDIEVAL PERIOD/ DARK AGES ( 5TH Century to 15th Century)

Historical Antecedents in the Middle Age by Alova

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0xUn7iRkL0

10 Great Inventions of the Middle Ages

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRty8hCZhPA

List the discovery / inventions in the Medieval Period as mentioned in the two videos. Follow the
table format below.
Name of member: Albritz Andrei T. Batoon

MIDDLE AGE/ MEDIEVAL PERIOD/ DARK AGES

Discovery / invention Description

Hour Glass/Sand Clock It is used to measure the time passage. It has

two vertical glass bulbs attached to each
other. It depends on a few factors including
the size of the bulb, the neck width and sand
quality and quantity.

Tide Mills It is a water mill run by rise and fall tides. As

the high tides come, it enters a pond through
a one way gate and when there in enough
water, it cane be released through another
gate to turn the wheel. It is believed to be the
earliest tide mill was located in the London
on the Fleet river which dated back to the
Roma Times.

Blast Furnace It is a metallurgical furnace which is used to

produce iron and other metals such as lead
and copper.

Cannons It is a piece of military weapons that uses the

gunpowder or other explosives to launch a
cannon ball. It varies size, power, and range.

Eyeglasses Eyeglasses were first made in Italy at around

1286. Roger Bacon was the first person to use
lens for optical purposes but the magnifying
lens were already using for reading purposes
at that time.

Liquor The firs true evidence of distillation process

comes from Babylon and dated back to the
Fourth millennium BC. Beer was one of the
widely used beverages among all age groups
in Babylon.

Mechanical Clock The origin of mechanical clock is still

unknown but there are many assumptions
about it. Some say that the first mechanical

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 clock was completed in China to call the
monks to prayer. While others believed that
the first mechanical clock was appeared in
Europe during the 13th Century.

Compass The very first design of the compass was

invented in China in the 2 nd Century, the used
a lodestone and suspend it freely and it
always points in the same direction towards
the magnetic poles.

Heavy Plough The use of heavy plough was started at

around 6th Century. Before the Han Dynasty
in China, Chinese used small plough which
was made of wood except the blade of the
plough.

Printing Press Paper making technique and printing both

first appeared in China but the automatic
printing was invented in Europe. Johannes
Gutenberg was the first to make words from
an alloy of lead, antimony and tin.

Gunpowder In chinese, Gunpowder is called Huo Yao

which means Flaming Medicine. The birth of
gunpowder was quite accidental. It was first
invented inadvertently by alchemist while
attempting to make elixir or immortality.

Paper Money It is an invention of the Song Dynasty in China

in the 11th Century CE , nearly after the
earliest known use of metal coins. Paper
money was certainly easier to carry in large
amounts.

Spinning wheel It is an invention used to transform various

plant and animal fibers into thread or yarn,
which are subsequently woven into cloth on a
loom.

III. MODERN AGE (16th Century to 20th Century)

The Modern Age is divided in different periods as follows :

1. Renaissance Period
2. Industrial Revolution
3. 20th Century
4. 21st Century

S and T Development in the MODERN AGE by Alova

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZq_x5uTIXI

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 A. Renaissance Period (14th – 17th)

Technology in the 16th and 17th Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqjUWGppDwg

What are the inventions / discovery during the Renaissance Period?

Name of member: Angelo B. Agaid

Renaissance Period

Year / Period Invention/ Discovery Scientist

(Example: 1530s) (Example: Satellite Navigation) (Example: Gerardus Mercatus
He helped revolutionize navigation
with better mapmaking)

1590 Microscope Electron Microscope Zacharias Janssen

He makes the first compound

microscope.

1596 Toilets Sir John Harington

He describes one of the first modern

flush toilets.

1600 Thermometer Galileo Galilei

He design a basic thermometer.

1600 Magnetism It’s the beginning of the scientific

study of magnetism.

1609 Space telescope Galileo Galilei

He build a practical telescope and

makes new astronomical discoveries.

Mid-17th Century Microscope Electron Microscope Antoni Van Leeuwenhock and Robert
Hooke

He independently developed
microscope.

1643 Barometers Evangelista Torricelli

He build the first mercury barometer

for measuring air and pressure.

1650s Pendulum clocks Christian Huygens

He developed the pendulum clock

(using Galileo’s earlier discovery that
a swinging pendulum can be used to
keep time)

1687 Motion Isaac Newton

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 He formulate his three laws of motion.

1700s Pianos Bartolomeo Cristofori

He invented the piano.

B. Industrial Revolution (18th – 19th Century)

Technology in the 18th Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXA60kLjReM

Based on the video, what the are the invention / discovery in the 18 th Century? Follow the
table format below.

Name of member: Angelo B. Agaid

Industrial Revolution

Year / Period Invention/ Discovery Scientist

(Example: 1701) (Example: Tractors) (Example: Jethro Tull
He began the mechanization of
agriculture by inventing horse-drawn
seed drill)

1703 How computers work Gottfried Leibniz

History of computers He pioneered the binary number

system now used in virtually all
computers.

1712 Steam engines Thomas Newcomen

He build the first practical (but

stationary) steam engines.

1700s Car engines Internal combustion engine, but never

actually builds one.

1737 Zinc William Champion

He developed a commercially viable

process for extracting zinc on a large
scale.

1757 Satellite Navigation John Campbell

He invented the sextant, to improved

navigational device that enables
sailors to measure latitude.

1730s-1770s Quarts clocks and watches Satellite John Harrison

navigation
He developed the reliable

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 chronometers (seafaring clocks)

1751 Nickel Axel Cronstedt

He began to isolate the nickel.

1756 Zeolites Axel Cronstedt

He noticed the steam when he boils a

rock and discovered zeolites.

1769 Speech synthesizers Wolfgang Von Kempelen

He developed a mechanical speaking

machine: the worlds first speech
synthesizers.

1770s Bridges Abraham Darby III

He build a pioneering iron bridge at a

place now called Iron bridge in
England.

1780 Pyrometers Josiah Wedgwood (or Thomas

Massey)

He began to invent the pyrometers.

1783 Hot-air balloons French brothers Joseph-Michael

Montgolfier and Jacques-Etienne
Montgolfier

He began to make the first practical

hot-air balloons.

1791 Titanium Martin Klaproth

He discover a mysterious mineral that

he calls machine. Four years later, he
gives the modern named called
titanium.

Top 10 Inventions of the 19th century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=no7nxfc_zz0

What are the top 10 best inventions in the 19 th century as presented in the video? Follow the table format
below.

Name of member: Monique G. Tagaban

Science and Technology in the 19th Century

Invention Scientist Brief Description

Steam Engines Ancient, A steam engine provides mechanical power by using the
Greek and energy of steam. It is a practical energy source that ignited the
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 Romans industrial revolution in the 19th century.

Locomotive George The steam locomotive allowed for the transportation of goods
Stephenson at a much more rapid rate than by horse.

Telephone Alexander It helps with worldwide communication and business.

Graham Bell

Telegraph Samuel Morse It is a device or system that allows the transmission of

information by coded signal over distance. For example, the
Alfred Vail morse code.

Internal George It is a specialized machine that burns fuel to generate thermal

Combustion Engine Brayton energy, which is subsequently used to do work. It is formed in
both gasoline and powered force stroke engines and the most
efficient diesel engine.

Rifle The term was originally rifled gun, referring to the early
modern machining process of creating groovings with cutting
tools. Rifles now are used extensively in warfare, self defense,
law enforcement, crime, hunting, and shooting sports.

IronClad Ships John Ericsson An ironclad is a steam-propelled warship protected by iron or

steel armor plates.

Electricity/Light Ben It made it easier to see things in the dark and it made
Bulb Franklin different machines work.
Nikola Tesla
Thomas
Edison

Photography John Hershel It is a picture made using a camera obscura. It is a darkened

room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an
image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole.

Cotton Gin Eli Whitney The cotton gin is a machine that is used to pull cotton fibers
from the cotton seed.

C. 20th Century

Top 10 Inventions of the 20th Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s95MPtVSngc

Top 10 Greatest Invention of the 20th Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVFXymLecck

Timeline of 20th Century Inventions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyllGnYzhcI

Based on these videos, what are the important inventions of the 20th Century?

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 Name of member: Monique G. Tagaban

Science and Technology in the 20th Century

Invention Scientist Brief Description

Microwave Percy Microwave ovens have motorized turntables which rotate the
Oven Spencer food to the radio waves in order to cook the food evenly.

Satellite The Soviet This is responsible for the world’s most communication,
Union navigation and research capabilities.

Nuclear Enrico Fermi Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce
Power electricity.

Vacuum Hubert Cecil Motorized cleaning device.

Cleaner Booth

Airplane Wright An air powered aircraft that is used for air traveling.
Brothers

Mobile Cell Martin It is used for communication. And it’s now developed and
Phone Cooper used for running different useful apps we use for personal,
businesses and other online activities.

Computer Charles A computer is a type of electrical equipment that manipulates

Babbage information, often known as data. We use computers to
compose documents, send emails, play games, and access the
Web.
Penicillin Alexander First group of antibiotics that are effective in combating
Flemming malignant microbes.

Television John Logie Television is a technology for sending visual images and
Baird FRSE sound that are displayed on screens, and is mostly used to
broadcast entertainment, information, and education
programs.

Internet Vinton Cerf It has a wide range of information. It drives all of the
Bob Kahn
sites that we may find useful in our academics, in our
lives and and even in the betterment of the society.

D. 21st Century

Great inventions of the 21st Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvbGsuuk7Qo

Top Five Inventions in the 21st Century

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2P6rXIk8aM

Based on these videos, what are the important inventions of the 21st Century?

Name of member: Monique G. Tagaban

Science and Technology in the 21st Century

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 Invention Brief Description

5D Data Storage A little disc set device that can endure a thousand
degrees of heat and store up to 360 terabytes of data
for billions of years.

Planet 9 Planet Nine is a speculative large planet that might be

circling the Sun well beyond Neptune.

Recycled Space Rockets A space rocket is a vehicle powered by a powerful jet

engine that is meant to transport people or equipment
beyond Earth and into space.

Successful Head Transplant According to Canavero, researchers at Harbin Medical

University in China, led by Xiaoping Ren, performed a
head transplant on a monkey. They established a
blood flow between the head and the new body but
did not attempt to link the spinal cord. Canavero
claims that the experiment shows that if the head is
cooled to 15 °C, a monkey may survive the treatment
without brain harm.

3D Printed Organs Scientists were trying to recreate the body’s complete

vascular network using a 3D printer.

Animal Cloning Animal cloning is a tricky technique that allows one to

precisely duplicate an animal's genetic, or inherited,
properties.

Growing babies in plastic bags It's called a "biobag," and it might aid preterm
newborns who have little chance of survival by
allowing them to remain in biobags for an extended
period of time before entering the world.

Artificial Heart It is a heart-replacement device. Artificial hearts are

commonly utilized to bridge the interval between heart
transplantation or to permanently replace the heart in
case transplantation is impossible.

Touchscreen A touch screen is a display that detects touches to its

surface area, whether with a finger or a stylus.

Bluetooth It is a wireless technology that uses a small

wavelength to exchange data between stationary and
mobile devices over a short distance.

Social Media Social media is used all around the world to

engage people, share information, make
relationships, and other things.

IV. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

A. Historical Development of S and T in the Philippines by Jhon Duenog

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XOAWhHgPas
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MEMBER: MA.FRANCESCA DINA DACLES

1. Pre – colonial history

The first technologies include : Jar (Manunggul Bulol)
Herbs and Herbal Medicines
The early natives already ad activities linked to science & technology even before the colonizers came.
Alibata Writing System
Fire, Light and Heat
Agricultural revolution
1. Methods in Farming
2. Stones for recording purposes
3. Clay pottery and soil minerals and metallurgy
4. Barter of Different Good and resources

2. Colonial history
Ferdinand Magellan a portuguese in the service of the Spanish crown was looking forward to a west
ward route to the Spice Island of Indonesia. On March 16, 1521 Magellan’s expedition landed Homonhon Island
in the Philippines. But the colonization of the Philippine Island wasn’t successful on the first attempt.
However, when Philip II succeeded the throne in 1556, he instructed Luid de Velasco the viceroy of
Mexico by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. On February 13, 1565 Legazpi’s expedition landed in Cebu Island. After a
short struggle with the natives, he proceeded to Leyte, then to Camuguin and to Bohol.
The colonization of the Pilippines contribute to growth of science and technology in the archipelago. The
Spanish introduced formal education and founded Scientific Institution.

a. Education and Religion

During the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippine. Parish schools were established where
religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was thought .

b. Science and Technology

Situation and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught to the natives. The study of
medicine in the Philippines was given priority in the Spanish Era. Field of engineering in the Islands
by constructing government, building, churches, roads, bridges and forts.

3. Post Colonial (19th century)

Presidents and Laws
Shortly after the World War II Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos became the 6th
president of 3rd Republic of the Philippines.
a. Marcos
- He recognized that technology was the leading factor in economic development, and
channeled additional funds to support projects in applied Sciences and Science Education.

b. Cory Aquino
- The presidential Task Force for Science and Technology Master Plan or STMP. The goal of
STMP was for the Philippines to achieve newly industrialized country status by the year 2000.

B. Historical Development of S and T in the Philippines by Manong Luigi

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fi8eB1fYkM0

1. Pre-Spanish colonial period

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 2. Spanish colonial period
3. American Period and Post Commonwealth Era
4. Marcos Era
5. Fifth Republic
a. Cory Aquino
b. Joseph Estrada
c. GMA
d. Pnoy

Trace back the development of Science and Technology by watching videos. After which list down the evidences by
accomplishing a table similar to the one presented below.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Member Period Evidences

Lucky A. Hidalgo Pre-Spanish Colonial The early natives already head activities linked to
Period science and technology even before the colonizers
came.

The first technologies include fire, herbal medicines,

Jar, as well as alibata.

Angelo B. Agaid Spanish Colonial Spaniards made contributions in the field of

Period engineering through constructing government
buildings, churches, roads, bridges, and forts
during the Spanish Colonial period, as well as
the development of scientific institutions such
as the University of Santo Tomas. The galleon
trade was also a major contributor to the
Philippine colonial economy because of the
potential for large profits.

Lucky A. Hidalgo American Period and Agriculture, Food Processing, Medicine and Pharmacy
Post Commonwealth was the evidences structures made in American and
Post Commonwealth period.

Lucky A. Hidalgo Marcos Era When President Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. was sitted on
the on the Philippines as a president he allotted
money and funds to science. He also allotted large
amount of funds to private universities to encourage
the people to courses on science and technology.

Lucky A. Hidalgo Fifth Republic In this period, oots of organizations related to science
a. Cory Aquino and technology has been created in order to
b. Joseph Estrada implement science and technology.
c. GMA
In 1986 during Cory Aquino’s presidency, the
d. Pnoy
National Technology and Authority was replaced by
the Department of Science and Technology. During
president Estrada’s term the Internet age was push
for the advancement of schools and industry. Then it
was under Gloria’s Macapagal arroyo when science
and technology reached it golden age and during the

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presidency of Benigno Aquino, four scientists given
hinor for giving contribution in the scientific field that
geared towards the advancement of science and
technology.

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